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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy ; rat model ; aminoguanidine ; glycation ; retinal basement membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have previously shown that long-term administration of aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of advanced glycosylation product formation, reduces the extent of experimental diabetic retinopathy in the rat by 85%. In order to determine whether the residual retinopathy that developed despite aminoguanidine was attributable to advanced glycation endproduct formation, a time-course study was performed in three different groups of male Wistar rats: non-diabetic controls (NC), streptozotocin-diabetic controls (DC) and streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with aminoguanidine HCL, 50 mg/100 ml drinking water (D-AG). Eyes were obtained at 24, 32, 44 and 56 weeks of diabetes/treatment duration and morphologic evaluation was done on retinal digest preparations. At 56 weeks, retinal basement membrane thickness was additionally measured. After 24 weeks of diabetes, the number of acellular capillaries was significantly elevated in DC (44.6±5.7/mm2 of retinal area, NC 19.6±4.9; p〈0.001) and increased continuously over time (DC 56 weeks 87.4±15.1; p〈0.001 vs DC 24 weeks). In contrast, acellular capillaries in D-AG increased over the first 24 weeks and then remained constant for the rest of the study (D-AG 24 weeks 35.7±5.18; p〈0.01 vs NC 24 weeks and NS vs DC 24 weeks; D-AG 56 weeks 42.0±6.20; p NS vs D-AG 24 weeks). Diabetes-associated pericyte loss (DC 24 weeks 2310±170/mm2 of capillary area; NC 24 weeks 3120±190; p〈0.001; DC 56 weeks 1570±230; NC 56 weeks 2960±50; p〈0.001) was significantly prevented by aminoguanidine after diabetic-like changes over the initial 24 weeks (D-AG 24 weeks 2450±75; p NS vs DC 24 weeks; D-AG 56 weeks 2350±90; p〈0.001 vs DC 56 weeks). At 56 weeks, aminoguanidine treatment was associated with a 67.4% reduction in retinal basement membrane thickening. This time-course study demonstrates that aminoguanidine prevents the progression of experimental diabetic retinopathy, and suggests that non AG-inhibitable mechanisms are involved in the initial phase of diabetic retinopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 179 (1981), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Continuous blood sampling ; Double lumen catheter ; Artificial pancreas ; Kontinuierliche Blutentnahme ; doppellumiger Katheter ; künstliches Pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorgestellte Technik ermöglicht die kontinuierliche Blutglucosebestimmung und Insulin- bzw. Glucoseinfusion beim wachen, frei beweglichen Hund über mehrere Tage. Das Tier befindet sich in einer Box für Hunde. Es trägt ein Jackett, auf dessen Rücken eine Platte fixiert ist. An ihr inseriert ein biß- und verwindungsfester Schlauch, der durch die Boxendachmitte mit einem auf einem Gegenzugsystem montierten Rotationsadapter für drei Katheter fest verbunden ist. Die drei Katheter verlaufen geschützt durch das Lumen des Schlauches abwärts zum Tier. Dort sind zwei Katheter mit einem doppellumigen, flexiblen, in der Jugular-Vene liegenden Kathetersystem verbunden. Über den einen Strang wird Heparin-Lösung zur Spitze des doppellumigen Katheters gefördert und von dort zusammen mit angesogenem Blut über den zweiten Strang zum Glucoseanalysator transportiert. Über den dritten Katheter wird Insulin bzw. Glucose in die andere Jugular-Vene infundiert. Der Fluß des extracorporal heparinisierten Blutes ist regelmäßig. Katheterverstopfungen werden nicht beobachtet. Während 24 h werden dem Tier maximal 70ml Blut entnommen. Das einfach herstellbare, flexible, doppellumige Kathetersystem zur Entnahme von extracorporal heparinisiertem Blut könnte bei entsprechender Weiterentwicklung auch beim Menschen anstelle des üblichen starren Kunststoff-Kanülen-Systems benutzt werden.
    Notes: Summary With the system recently developed, continuous glucose determinations and programmed infusions are also possible in the freely mobile dog. The animal is kept in a dogbox and wears a dogjacket to which a plastic plate is fitted. A bite- and twist-proof flexible hollow pipeline is connected rigidly to this plate. The pipeline goes through a hole in the centre of the roof of the dogbox to a newly developed rotary adaptor system for three catheters. The rotary adaptor is fitted to a vertical sliding bar system with countermovement. The three catheters run along the inside of the hollow pipeline down to the animal's back where two of them connect to a double-lumen catheter (DLC) inserted in the jugular vein. Through one tube, heparin solution is transported to the tip of the DLC. There it is sucked back together with blood through the second tube and transported to the glucose analyser. Through the third catheter, insulin or glucose is infused into the other jugular vein. The flow of the extracorporeally heparinized blood is regular. Occlusion of the DLC does not occur. During a 24-h study period, 70 ml of blood are taken from the animal. The DLC is simple to manufacture and, if suitably developed, might also be used in humans instead of the usual rigid double-lumen plastic cannular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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