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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Methadonsubstitution ; Methadonintoxikation im Kindesalter ; Miosis ; Atemdepression ; Bewusstlosigkeit ; Key words Methadone substitution therapy ; Methadone intoxication in children ; Miosis ; Respiratory insufficiency ; Coma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This case report is on a 15-month old child who became intoxicated by methadone prescribed to his father, a drug addict. He at that time was treated with methadone as a substitute for heroin. This fact was not known to the doctors on duty. In spite of the classical signs of opiate intoxication miosis, coma, and respiratory insufficiency, the presumed diagnosis was rejected because the father denied taking any drugs when being asked. It was not before the father admitted to be a drug addict that the child’s history became clear: The sweet and reddish methadone solution had been put into a baby’s bottle by the members in his doctor’s office. Back home the child took it as ”his” bottle and swallowed some recalculated 30 mg of methadone. As soon as laboratory examination showed 1.2 mg/l methadone in the urine and 0.1 mg/l in the serum, repeated antidote treatment with 0.01 mg naloxone per kg body weight was started. After 2 days the child was able to breath sufficiently without taking the antidote and was discharged healthy 1 day later. Discussion: Unconsciousness in childhood always has to be dealt with as an intoxication either on purpose or by accident. Even if investigation of the history fails, drug screening has to be done. Health services today use more liberal methadone program to support the social reintegration of drug addicts. Nevertheless, the prescription rules for drug substitutes have to be obeyed literally by both, doctors and chemists to minimize risks for people not directly involved, i.e., children.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über die akzidentelle Ingestion einer Methadonlösung bei einem 15 Monate alten Kleinkind, dessen Vater wegen Heroinabhängigkeit mit Methadon substituiert wurde. Diese Tatsache war bei der Aufnahme in die Klinik nicht bekannt. Die Verdachtsdiagnose einer Opiatintoxikation (klassische Trias Miosis, Bewusstlosigkeit, Atemdepression) wurde nicht weiterverfolgt, weil der Vater auf Befragung verneinte, irgendwelche Drogen oder Medikamente eingenommen zu haben. Erst nachdem der Vater zugab, heroinabhängig zu sein, wurde die Anamnese des Kinds klar: Die süße und rötliche Methadonlösung war in der Praxis des verordnenden Arzts in eine Babytrinkflasche abgefüllt worden. Zu Hause trank das Kind aus dieser Flasche im Glauben, sie enthalte Tee. Gemäß Berechnung könnte es maximal 30 mg Methadon eingenommen haben. Nach dem Nachweis von Methadon im Urin (1,2 mg/l) und im Serum (0,1 mg/l) wurde mit der Antidotbehandlung (Naloxon, mehrfach 0,01 mg/kg Körpergewicht) begonnen. Nach 2 Tagen atmete das Kind auch ohne Antidot spontan und wurde 1 Tag später gesund entlassen. Diskussion: Eine Bewusstlosigkeit beim Kind muss bis zum Beweis des Gegenteils als vorsätzliche oder akzidentelle Intoxikation angesehen werden. Auch wenn die Erhebung der Krankengeschichte nicht zum Ziel führt, muss ein Drogenscreening vorgenommen werden. Gesundheitspolitisch wird derzeit eine Liberalisierung der Methadonsubstitutionsbehandlung von Drogenabhängigen angestrebt, um ihre soziale Reintegration zu fördern. Trotzdem sollten die Richtlinien über die Verschreibung von Ersatzdrogen beachtet und die Ausgabe in kindersicheren Gefäßen durch den Apotheker erfolgen, um das Risiko der Gefährdung Dritter (Kinder) zu minimieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 808-812 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronic renal failure ; Dialysis ; Transplantation ; Lung volumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lung volumes were measured in 45 children with chronic renal failure and compared to 10 healthy controls. Six patients were receiving conservative treatment (CT), 11 were undergoing regular haemodialysis (HD), 8 were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 20 were post transplantation (TP). We measured vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV-1) with a bell spirometer. In addition residual volume (RV) was determined in CAPD patients. VC and FEV-1 values below the lower limit of predicted normal values from healthy children with the same body height were found in 38% and 52% of all patients respectively (P〈0.05). Median values of VC and FEV-1 were lowest in CT and highest in TP patients. Median FEV-1 was significantly reduced to 79% of predicted values in CT and to 82% in HD patients (P〈0.05). No correlation was found between FEV-1 and haemoglobin levels or the concomitant use of beta-blocking agents. During a HD session mean FEV-1 increased significantly. In CAPD patients the routine filling of the abdomen was followed by an 11% decrease of RV (non significant) while the other parameters remained stable. It is concluded that lung volumes are frequently reduced in chronic renal failure but remain essentially stable during the dialysis procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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