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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Glomerulonephritis, antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated ; Renal failure ; Hydrocarbons ; Sniffing ; Plasmapheresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 16-year-old girl developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and renal failure. The disease was associated with high titres of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies in serum, linear deposits of immunoglobulin G and diffuse epithelial crescents on renal biopsy. Past history revealed heavy smoking and deliberate sniffing of Pattex glue, a mixture of hydrocarbons which possibly may affect the structure of glomerular basement membrane. After treatment by repeated plasmapheresis and drug immunosuppression autoantibodies disappeared from serum but renal function was not influenced. Renal damage is a potential hazard for glue sniffing adolescents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 808-812 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronic renal failure ; Dialysis ; Transplantation ; Lung volumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lung volumes were measured in 45 children with chronic renal failure and compared to 10 healthy controls. Six patients were receiving conservative treatment (CT), 11 were undergoing regular haemodialysis (HD), 8 were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 20 were post transplantation (TP). We measured vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV-1) with a bell spirometer. In addition residual volume (RV) was determined in CAPD patients. VC and FEV-1 values below the lower limit of predicted normal values from healthy children with the same body height were found in 38% and 52% of all patients respectively (P〈0.05). Median values of VC and FEV-1 were lowest in CT and highest in TP patients. Median FEV-1 was significantly reduced to 79% of predicted values in CT and to 82% in HD patients (P〈0.05). No correlation was found between FEV-1 and haemoglobin levels or the concomitant use of beta-blocking agents. During a HD session mean FEV-1 increased significantly. In CAPD patients the routine filling of the abdomen was followed by an 11% decrease of RV (non significant) while the other parameters remained stable. It is concluded that lung volumes are frequently reduced in chronic renal failure but remain essentially stable during the dialysis procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate ; Chronic renal failure ; Haemodialysis ; Volume overload
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were investigated as indicators of fluid volume overload in children and adolescents with chronic renal failure. Plasma ANP and cGMP were measured in both paediatric patients with chronic renal failure (n=17, mean serum creatinine 371±242 μmol/l) and those with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis (n=18). cGMP was higher in children with chronic renal failure than in 45 healthy controls (1.0±0.4 vs 2.1±0.8 nmol/l,P〈0.01), whereas plasma ANP was similar (26.9±9.7 vs 34.0±12.3 pmol/l). Both ANP and cGMP were markedly elevated in children with end-stage renal disease before haemodialysis and fell significantly during dialysis. During dialysis body weight decreased by 1.6±0.7 kg, corresponding to 4.5±2.1% of body weight. Plasma ANP correlated positively with plasma cGMP in haemodialysed patients (r=0.43,P〈0.05). Reduction in body weight and in mean arterial pressure correlated more closely with plasma ANP than with cGMP. Therefore, elevation of plasma ANP appears to indicate volume overload in children undergoing haemodialysis, but whether it can be used also in children with chronic renal failure requires further investigation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Angeborene Fehlbildungen des Harntrakts ; Prä- und postnataler Ultraschall ; Funktionsuntersuchungen ; Key words Congenital malformations of the urinary tract ; Pre- and postnatal ultrasound ; Functional procedures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Aim of the study was to investigate to what extent prenatal ultrasound does influence diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in newborn und infants with malformation of the urinary tract and how dynamic functional examinations of the urinary tract changed the therapy of urinary tract dilatations. Materials and methods: Time of diagnosis, diagnosis and therapy of 503 newborns and infants with congenital malformation of the urinary tract seen in our clinic between 1980 and 1992 were retrospectively investigated. Conclusions: In 219 of these children diagnosis had been suspected antenatally. Across this period the ratio of children diagnosed antenatally increased up to 70 % by 1992. The total number of patients increased in parallel. The most severe complication in children with unknown dilatation of the urinary tract was infection. Over 50 % of all patients were presented with sometimes life-threatening urinary tract infection. Today dynamic functional studies (frusemide assisted 123I-orthoiodohippurane scan) are available to distinguish those children with dilatation from those with obstruction. Corresponding to the improved early diagnostic methods, the indications for operation changed. A simple dilatation without obstruction does not need operation. Proved ureteropelvic junction obstruction is operated primarily if renal function on the side of obstruction is impaired. If function of the compromised kidney is normal (99Tc-Dimercaptosuccinic acid scan), then the procedure is conservative and the patient is followed up by ultrasound and functional testing with radionuclides. Percutaneous nephrostomy is carried out only in the case of a complicated course. Obstruction in the ureterovesical junction is treated by temporary uretero-cutaneostomy. In 85 % of our patients the vesicoureteral junction obstruction disappeared after one or two years (the megaureter became slimmer in all cases) and uretero-cutaneostomy could be closed. Additional surgery in the vesicoureteral junction was only necessary in case of persisting stenosis or because of other malformations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Welchen Einfluß hat die pränatale Ultraschalldiagnostik auf das diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen bei angeborenen Fehlbildungen des Harntrakts. Wie hat sich die Therapie von Dilatationen des Harntrakts durch die Einführung von Funktionsuntersuchungen verändert. Material und Methode: Der Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung, die Diagnose und Therapie von 503 Neugeborenen und Säuglingen mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen der Nieren und der ableitenden Harnwege, die im Zeitraum von 1980–1992 stationär vorgestellt wurden, wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Anzahl der vorgestellten Neugeborenen und Säuglinge hat seit 1980 kontinuierlich zugenommen. Die Anzahl der antenatal erkannten Kinder liegt z. Z. bei ca. 70 %. Durch die Einführung der Diureseradionuklidnephrographie und der damit genaueren Unterscheidung zwischen Obstruktion und Dilatation ist der Anteil der urodynamisch nicht-relevanten Weitstellungen stetig gestiegen und der Anteil der primär operationsbedürftigen Patienten signifikant zurückgegangen. Dilatationen ohne sicheren Obstruktionsnachweis werden nicht operiert. Auch wahrscheinliche Abgangsstenosen operieren wir heute zunächst nicht, wenn mittels 99Tc-DMSA-Szintigraphie eine seitengleiche und gemäß Kreatininclearance, eine altersentsprechende globale Nierenfunktion festgestellt wurde. Wenn die Indikation zur Operation einer Ureterabgangsstenose gestellt wird, wird primär eine Nierenbeckenplastik durchgeführt. Obstruktionen im Harnleitermündungsbereich werden routinemäßig für 1–2 Jahre mittels Ureterokutaneostomie hoch abgeleitet.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Methadonsubstitution ; Methadonintoxikation im Kindesalter ; Miosis ; Atemdepression ; Bewusstlosigkeit ; Key words Methadone substitution therapy ; Methadone intoxication in children ; Miosis ; Respiratory insufficiency ; Coma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This case report is on a 15-month old child who became intoxicated by methadone prescribed to his father, a drug addict. He at that time was treated with methadone as a substitute for heroin. This fact was not known to the doctors on duty. In spite of the classical signs of opiate intoxication miosis, coma, and respiratory insufficiency, the presumed diagnosis was rejected because the father denied taking any drugs when being asked. It was not before the father admitted to be a drug addict that the child’s history became clear: The sweet and reddish methadone solution had been put into a baby’s bottle by the members in his doctor’s office. Back home the child took it as ”his” bottle and swallowed some recalculated 30 mg of methadone. As soon as laboratory examination showed 1.2 mg/l methadone in the urine and 0.1 mg/l in the serum, repeated antidote treatment with 0.01 mg naloxone per kg body weight was started. After 2 days the child was able to breath sufficiently without taking the antidote and was discharged healthy 1 day later. Discussion: Unconsciousness in childhood always has to be dealt with as an intoxication either on purpose or by accident. Even if investigation of the history fails, drug screening has to be done. Health services today use more liberal methadone program to support the social reintegration of drug addicts. Nevertheless, the prescription rules for drug substitutes have to be obeyed literally by both, doctors and chemists to minimize risks for people not directly involved, i.e., children.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über die akzidentelle Ingestion einer Methadonlösung bei einem 15 Monate alten Kleinkind, dessen Vater wegen Heroinabhängigkeit mit Methadon substituiert wurde. Diese Tatsache war bei der Aufnahme in die Klinik nicht bekannt. Die Verdachtsdiagnose einer Opiatintoxikation (klassische Trias Miosis, Bewusstlosigkeit, Atemdepression) wurde nicht weiterverfolgt, weil der Vater auf Befragung verneinte, irgendwelche Drogen oder Medikamente eingenommen zu haben. Erst nachdem der Vater zugab, heroinabhängig zu sein, wurde die Anamnese des Kinds klar: Die süße und rötliche Methadonlösung war in der Praxis des verordnenden Arzts in eine Babytrinkflasche abgefüllt worden. Zu Hause trank das Kind aus dieser Flasche im Glauben, sie enthalte Tee. Gemäß Berechnung könnte es maximal 30 mg Methadon eingenommen haben. Nach dem Nachweis von Methadon im Urin (1,2 mg/l) und im Serum (0,1 mg/l) wurde mit der Antidotbehandlung (Naloxon, mehrfach 0,01 mg/kg Körpergewicht) begonnen. Nach 2 Tagen atmete das Kind auch ohne Antidot spontan und wurde 1 Tag später gesund entlassen. Diskussion: Eine Bewusstlosigkeit beim Kind muss bis zum Beweis des Gegenteils als vorsätzliche oder akzidentelle Intoxikation angesehen werden. Auch wenn die Erhebung der Krankengeschichte nicht zum Ziel führt, muss ein Drogenscreening vorgenommen werden. Gesundheitspolitisch wird derzeit eine Liberalisierung der Methadonsubstitutionsbehandlung von Drogenabhängigen angestrebt, um ihre soziale Reintegration zu fördern. Trotzdem sollten die Richtlinien über die Verschreibung von Ersatzdrogen beachtet und die Ausgabe in kindersicheren Gefäßen durch den Apotheker erfolgen, um das Risiko der Gefährdung Dritter (Kinder) zu minimieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Pediatric renal transplantation ; Cyclosporin, low-dose, in children ; Growth, cyclosporin, in kidney transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifty-one pediatric patients undergoing a first cadaveric kidney transplantation were followed for at least 2 years after grafting. They were divided into two groups: those treated with methylprednisolone plus azathioprine (AZA) and those treated with methylprednisolone plus low-dose cyclosporin A (CyA; median dose 109 mg/m2 per day ≙ 3.4 mg/kg per day after 1 year). The steroid dosage given was significantly lower in the second group. The 4-year graft survival rate was 68% for the AZA group and 78% for the CyA group. Renal function did not differ significantly in the two groups; after 1, 2, and 3 years, the median 24-h creatinine clearance was 79, 69, and 51 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively, for the AZA group and 78, 63, and 68 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively, for the CyA group. Linear growth was similar in the two groups. We conclude that in pediatric patients the results of low-dose CyA immunosuppression do not differ significantly from those obtained with AZA in terms of graft survival, renal function, or growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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