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  • Atrium  (2)
  • CO2-laser  (2)
  • robustness  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Angiotensin receptors ; mRNA ; Quantitative PCR ; Human ; Atrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The number of atrial angiotensin II binding sites is reduced in end-stage human heart failure. The goals of our study were the development of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction for angiotensin II receptor type 1 mRNA to determine the angiotensin receptor type1 (AT1) mRNA content in the atria of patients with end-stage heart failure. We established a quantitative PCR based on coamplification of AT1 wild-type and an internal standard in the same PCR, followed by liquid-phase hybridization of PCR products in microtiter plates and quantitation by ELISA. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA in the same samples was used to relate the AT1 mRNA content to a stably expressed reference gene. Atrial samples from 11 patients with end-stage heart failure obtained at cardiac transplantation were compared with atrial samples from 11 patients with normal cardiac function undergoing routine cardiac surgery. A PCR/ELISA system with a variance of about 6% after reverse transcription and a linear measuring range was established. In the samples from 11 patients with end-stage heart failure a 58% decrease in AT1 mRNA content was found in comparison with 11 controls (heart failure: 185680±196912 AT1 mRNA copies/μg RNA, controls: 440555±268456, P〈0.02). When AT1 mRNA content was related to glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA, a 65% decrease was detected (AT1/glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase: heart failure: 4.84±5.18; controls: 13.74±7.77; P〈0.005). Standardization of PCR resulting in a low coefficient of variance, high reproducibility, and large sample capacity is possible using optimal internal standardization and the liquid-phase hybridization/ELISA system for detection. The optimized PCR procedure indicated downregulation of atrial AT1 in end-stage human heart failure, suggesting a reduced capacity of the atria to respond to angiotensin II stimulation in end-stage heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angiotensin receptors ; mRNA ; Quantitative PCR ; Human ; Atrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The number of atrial angiotensin II binding sites is reduced in end-stage human heart failure. The goals of our study were the development of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction for angiotensin II receptor type 1 mRNA to determine the angiotensin receptor typel (AT1) mRNA content in the atria of patients with end-stage heart failure. We established a quantitative PCR based on coamplification of AT1 wild-type and an internal standard in the same PCR, followed by liquidphase hybridization of PCR products in microtiter plates and quantitation by ELISA. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA in the same samples was used to relate the AT1 mRNA content to a stably expressed reference gene. Atrial samples from 11 patients with endstage heart failure obtained at cardiac transplantation were compared with atrial samples from 11 patients with normal cardiac function undergoing routine cardiac surgery. A PCR/ELISA system with a variance of about 6% after reverse transcription and a linear measuring range was established. In the samples from 11 patients with end-stage heart failure a 58% decrease in AT1 mRNA content was found in comparison with 11 controls (heart failure: 185680±196912 AT1 mRNA copies/μg RNA, controls: 440555±268456, P〈0.02). When AT1 mRNA content was related to glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA, a 65% decrease was detected (AT1/glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase: heart failure: 4.84±5.18; controls: 13.74±7.77; P〈0.005). Standardization of PCR resulting in a low coefficient of varince, high reproducibility, and large sample capacity is possible using optimal internal standardization and the liquid-phase hybridization/ELISA system for detection. The optimized PCR procedure indicated downregulation of atrial AT1 in end-stage human heart failure, suggesting a reduced capacity of the atria to respond to angiotensin II stimulation in end-stage heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 186 (1986), S. 375-386 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: CO2-laser ; Animal experiment ; Lewis lung carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The study hereby submitted has been designed to show whether there are any differences between using a conventional knife or a CO2-laser when excising and grafting tumors in animal experiments. The animals were C57B1/6 mice, the tumor was the Lewis lung carcinoma. Eight days after tumor inoculation into the s.c. layer of the back, 213 mice were treated by tumor excision either with a conventional knife or a CO2-laser. Eighty-six excised tumors were cut, and the tumor surface was swabbed into the s.c. layer on the nape of 86 tumor-free mice. Survival times of the laser-operated animals were insignificantly longer. However, small tumors showed markedly longer survival times. The interval without recurrence was longer for all tumor sizes when the laser was used (P 〈 0.005). The laser method yielded lower growth rates when the tumor surface was swabbed into tumor-free mice (P 〈 0.0001). Histological and cytologic tests of the laser-excised and -swabbed specimen demonstrated a high rate of cell destruction. Therefore, the CO2-laser seems to have some significance in cases where the incision is made close to the tumor or where tumor surfaces may be lesioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Multidimensional systems and signal processing 5 (1994), S. 455-462 
    ISSN: 1573-0824
    Keywords: m-D stability ; robustness ; shift-variant systems ; structured uncertainties ; asymptotic stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the asymptotic stability of multidimensional systems represented by first hyperquadrant causal linear difference equations whose coefficients are shift-varying. The results extend previous 1-D results, and include the derivation of a fixed region of stability in the parameter space, as well as a sequence of shift-variant parameter regions. In the case of a fixed parameter region, the largest stable hyperdiamond centered at the origin will be obtained. For the shift-variant case, it will be shown that the instantaneous stable parameter region always includes this hyperdiamond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Multidimensional systems and signal processing 1 (1990), S. 75-86 
    ISSN: 1573-0824
    Keywords: m-D stability ; robustness ; nonlinear/shift-varying systems ; recursive m-D digital filters ; transient analysis ; finite wordlength effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this article, special properties of m-D first order discrete recursive processes are discussed. The results are interpreted in view of the well-known results of 1-D processes and their significance within the general theory of m-D systems is highlighted. In particular it is demonstrated that first order m-D processes share the same properties as 1-D first order processes in many aspects. This includes robustness against nonlinear effects and shift-varying conditions as well as stability under zero and non-zero input conditions, the effect of spectral transformations and the dynamic behavior in the space- (time-) domain. It is shown that the results in the 1-D theory follow from the developed m-D theory by formally settingm=1. This pertains to the closed form representation of the impulse response, the robustness properties and the stability conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 368 (1986), S. 125-136 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: CO2-laser ; Lewis lung carcinoma ; Survival ; Local recurrence ; Implantation metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob und auf Grund welcher morphologischer Befunde Unterschiede hinsichtlich Überleben, Lokalrezidiv und Implantationsmetastasen bestehen, wenn Transplantationstumore einerseits mit dem Skalpell, andererseits mit dem CO2-Laser behandelt wurden. 8 Tage nach Verimpfung von Lewis Lung-Carcinomen in die Rückensubcutis von C57B1/6-Mäusen wurden bei 213 Mäusen Tumore abwechselnd mit Skalpell oder CO2-Laser excidiert (Excisionsversuch). Die Tumorgröße wurde bestimmt, außerdem wurden 86 Tumore mit demselben Schneideinstrument (Skalpell oder Laser) durchschnitten und die Tumorschnittfläche in die Nackensubcutis tumorfreier Mäuse verimpft (Abklatschversuch). Die Überlebensraten aller Tiere unabhängig von der Tumorgröße (Excisionsversuch) zeigten keine wesentlichen Unterschiede, nur die Mäuse mit kleinen Tumoren schnitten wesentlich besser ab, wenn mit dem CO2-Laser excidiert wurde. Lokalrezidive fanden sich nach Laserexcision signifikant weniger als nach Skalpelloperation. Implantationsmetastasen traten nach Laseroperation ebenfalls signifikant seltener auf. In histologischen und cytologischen Untersuchungen konnten die genannten Ergebnisse mit entsprechenden Befunden belegt werden: tiefreichende Zellzerstörung bzw. pyknotische Tumorzellen (Lasermethode), Tumorzellen am Schnittrand bzw. überwiegend vitale Tumorzellen (Skalpellmethode).
    Notes: Summary The study hereby submitted has been designed to show whether there are any differences between using a conventional knife or a CO2-laser when excising and grafting tumors in animal experiments. The animals were C57B1/6 mice, the tumor was the Lewis lung carcinoma. Eight days after tumor inoculation into the subcutaneous layer of the back, 213 mice were treated by tumor excision either with a conventional knife or a CO2-laser. 86 excised tumors were cut and the tumor surface was swabbed into the subcutaneous layer on the nape of 86 tumor-free mice. Survival times of the laser-operated animals were insignificantly longer. However, small tumors showed markedly longer survival times. The interval without recurrence was longer for all tumor sizes when the laser was used (p 〈 0.005). The laser method yielded lower growth rates when the tumor surface was swabbed into tumor-free mice (p 〈 0.0001). Histological and cytological tests of the laserexcised and -swabbed specimen demonstrated a high rate of cell destruction. Therefore, the CO2-laser seems to have some importance in cases where the incision is made close to the tumor or where the tumor surface may be lesioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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