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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of male sterile, triazine-resistant Brassica napus by somatic hybridization between cytoplasmic male sterile B. oleracea and atrazine-resistant B. campestris (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 445-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Protoplast fusion ; Triazine resistance ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Fusion of leaf protoplasts from an inbred line of Brassica oleracea ssp. botrytis (cauliflower, n=9) carrying the Ogura (R1) male sterile cytoplasm with hypocotyl protoplasts of B. campestris ssp. oleifera (cv “Candle”, n=10) carrying an atrazine-resistant (ATR) cytoplasm resulted in the production of synthetic B. napus (n=19). Thirty-four somatic hybrids were produced; they were characterized for morphology, phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes, ribosomal DNA hybridization patterns, chromosome numbers, and organelle composition. All somatic hybrids carried atrazine-resistant chloroplasts derived from B. campestris. The mitochondrial genomes in 19 hybrids were examined by restriction endonuclease and Southern blot analyses. Twelve of the 19 hybrids contained mitochondria showing novel DNA restriction patterns; of these 12 hybrids, 5 were male sterile and 7 were male fertile. The remaining hybrids contained mitochondrial DNA that was identical to that of the ATR parent and all were male fertile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265310
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertility restoration and mitochondrial nucleic acids distinguish at least five subgroups among cms-S cytoplasms of maize (Zea mays L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 5-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility ; cms-S ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Double-stranded RNA ; Gametophytic restoration of fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Differences in fertility restoration and mitochondrial nucleic acids permitted division of 25 accessions of S-type male sterile cytoplasm (cms-S) of maize into five subgroups: B/D, CA, LBN, ME, and S(USDA). S cytoplasm itself (USDA cytoplasm) was surprisingly not representative of cms-S, since only two other accessions, TC and I, matched its mitochondrial DNA pattern. CA was the predominant subgroup, containing 18 of the 25 accessions. The B/D and ME subgroups were the most fertile and LBN the most sterile. The exceptional sterility of LBN cytoplasm makes it the most promising of the 25 cms-S accessions for the production of hybrid seed. The most efficient means of quantifying the fertility of the subgroups was analysis of pollen morphology in plants having cms-S cytoplasm and simultaneously being heterozygous for nuclear restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes. This method took advantage of the gametophytic nature of cms-S restoration. The inbred NY821LERf was found to contain at least two restorer genes for cms-S. Fertility differences were correlated with mitochondrial nucleic acid variation in the LBN, ME, and S (USDA) subgroups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278246
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertile revertants from S-type male-sterile maize grown in vitro (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 601-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms) ; Reversion to fertility ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Maize ; Somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated from callus cultures of maize inbred W182BN with the S(USDA) type of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms). Some regenerates from 16 of 18 separate cultures had fertile tassels. Many other regenerates, whose fertility could not be scored accurately because of abnormal plant morphology, produced fertile progeny after pollination with N cytoplasm W182BN. Revertant plants and/or progeny were obtained from all 18 cultures, which included the CA, D, LBN, and S sources of cmsS. More revertants were recovered from cultures maintained as callus for 12 months than from 3–4 month old cultures. Several types of evidence (absence of segregation for fertility after selfing or pollination of revertants with standard W182BN, pollen viability counts, failure of revertants to restore sterile cmsS lines to fertility, mitochondrial DNA analyses) indicated that the reversion to fertility involved cytoplasmic rather than nuclear alterations. All revertants examined lacked the S1 and S2 plasmid-like DNAs characteristic of the mitochondrial genome of sterile cmsS lines. Most callus cultures lost S1 and S2 after 13–20 months in vitro. No revertants were seen among thousands of W182BN cmsS plants grown from seed in the field or among plants from tissue cultures of W182BN with the C or T types of cms. The cytoplasmic revertants recovered from culture may be useful for the molecular analysis of cmsS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288859
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearrangement, amplification, and assortment of mitochondrial DNA molecules in cultured cells of Brassica campestris (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Callus culture ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Genomic variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We compared Brassica campestris mitochondrial and chloroplast DNAs from whole plants and from a 2-year-old cell culture. No differences were observed in the chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs), whereas the culture mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extensively altered. Hybridization analysis revealed that the alterations are due entirely to rearrangement. At least two inversions and one large duplication are found in the culture mtDNA. The duplication element is shown to have the usual properties of a plant mtDNA high frequency “recombination repeat”. The culture mtDNA exists as a complex heterogeneous population of rearranged and unrearranged molecules. Some of the culture-associated rearranged molecules are present in low levels in native plant tissue and appear to have sorted out and amplified in the culture. Other mtDNA rearrangements may have occurred de novo. In addition to alterations of the main mitochondrial genome, an 11.3 kb linear mtDNA plasmid present in whole plants is absent from the culture. Contrary to findings in cultured cells of other plants, small circular mtDNA molecules were not detected in the B. campestris cell culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292310
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved resistance to bacterial soft rot by protoplast fusion between Brassica rapa and B. oleracea (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 810-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Bacterial soft rot ; Disease resistance ; Chinese cabbage ; Protoplast fusion ; Brassica rapa ; B. oleracea ; B. napus ; Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Erwinia soft rot is a destructive disease of Brassica rapa vegetables. Reliable sources of resistance and control methods are limited, so development of highly resistant breeding lines is desirable. Protoplasts from B. rapa and B. oleracea genotypes selected for resistance to soft rot were fused in order to combine different sources of resistance. Twelve somatic hybrids (synthetic B. napus) were obtained and confirmed by morphology, nuclear DNA content, and RAPD analysis. They were normal looking plants that easily set seeds following self-pollination and backcrossing to B. rapa. Assays of detached leaves or seedlings inoculated in a mist-chamber showed that most somatic hybrids had lower disease severity ratings than the B. rapa fusion partner and a commercial variety of B. napus. Some progeny from selfing or backcrossing of somatic hybrids to B. rapa showed much more resistance than either fusion partner. The offspring populations of the somatic hybrids (F1–S1 and F1–BC1) clearly moved to the resistant direction compared to the parents; the percentage of resistant plants increased from 21% (average of parents) to 36% (F1–S1) and 48% (F1–BC1). These results suggest that it may be possible to obtain highly resistant B. rapa lines by further backcrossing and selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051356
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