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  • Bone marrow transplantation  (4)
  • Bakteriologie der Ellbogeninfektion
  • Schlüsselwörter
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Natural killer cells ; Interferon ; Cycloporin A ; Graft-versus-host disease ; Methotrexate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one patients with acute and chronic leukemia or severe aplastic anemia were studied for NK activity against a thymoma cell line (Thy 121) before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The means of the pretransplant and post-transplant levels did not differ from the mean of 134 NK determinations in 67 healthy donors. There was no correlation between pretransplant NK levels and the appearance of graft-versus-host disease. Three weeks following bone marrow transplantation, pretransplant NK levels were observed. The sensitivity of NK cells to interferon was the same as in normal donors both before and after bone marrow transplantation. In contrast to methotrexate, cyclosporin A inhibited NK activity in patients and controls in vitro. In vivo cyclosporin A treatment, however, did not decrease NK levels in bone marrow recipients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Anti-CMV hypergammaglobulin ; Azyklovir ; Conditioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone marrow transplantation was performed between IV/82 and X/85 in 64 patients with acute leukemia (n=36), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML;n=13), severe aplastic anemia (n=12), and neuroblastoma stage IV (n=3). Of these patients 57 received allogeneic marrow from HLA-ABCDR identical, MLC-negative sibling donors. Six transplants were performed with syngenic marrow and one with autologous marrow. Of the 64 patients 48 survived 40-1,250 days after transplantation, resulting in a survival rate (SR) of 75% and a survival probability (SP) of 71%. Of the 36 patients suffering from acute leukemia (SR=64%, SP=51%), patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (n=11; SR=81%, SP=76%), as well as patients with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) in 1st to 4th complete remission at the time of transplantation (n=14; SR=81%, SP=76%) show a favorable prognosis. A poor survival rate was seen for patients with AML when transplanted in second or partial remission (1/5; SR=20%), as well as for patients suffering from ALL and transplanted during relapse or partial remission (1/6; SR=16%). Of 13 patients suffering from CML 12 survived the transplantation free of relapse (SR=93%, SP=92%), and one patient died from varicella zoster pneumonia. Of the transplanted patients with severe aplastic anemia, 12 of 13 are surviving with complete hematologic reconstitution; one patient, however, died on day 10 from a sepsis. In our patient group, the SR as well as the SP has been improved through changes in the irradiation protocol concomitant with prophylactic application of anti-CMV hypergammaglobulin, as well as through additional oral medication of Azyklovir. The 41 patients (BMT No. 7–47) with total body irradiation at one time-show an SR of 44% and an SP of 41%. The following 46 patients (BMT No. 48–93) have reached an SR of 83% and an SP of 74% under the regimen of fractionated total body irradiation, plus prophylaxis with anti-CMV hypergammaglobulin and Azyklovir. Within this group, no fatal CMV pneumonia was encountered as opposed to six patients lost from CMV pneumonia in the first group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acyclovir, bioavailability ; Drug monitoring ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Herpes infections, prevention and control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Viral infections are one of the major complications after bone marrow transplantation, with high mortality and morbidity. Fourty-six patients between 3 and 48 years old (median 15 years) received orally 400 mg (under age 6, 200 mg) acyclovir 4 times daily from day −12 before to day 84 after BMT. All patients were isolated in laminar-airflow units for at least 23 days with total enteral decontamination. They were concomitantly treated with anti-CMV-hyperimmunoglobulin and cotrimoxazol. During acyclovir prophylaxis seven patients had herpes simplex virus infections, all of them were seropositive before BMT. Acyclovir plasma concentrations were measured by use of a new HPLC method. No acyclovir was present (detection limit 40 ng/ml) in the plasma of five out of six patients with HSV infections. Three of them had non-compliance, and a lack of acyclovir absorption developed in two patients under conditioning regimen. No drug-related side effects were observed. Laboratory tests did not show liver or renal toxicity. Take and hematologic reconstitution were unchanged. In our study, oral acyclovir reduced the incidence of herpes simplex infections after bone marrow transplantation. Herpes infections only occurred in patients with non-compliance or lack of acyclovir absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2 (2000), S. S86 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Ellbogeninfektion ; Offenes zweizeitiges Vorgehen ; Gelenkfunktionserhalt ; Bakteriologie der Ellbogeninfektion ; Spätkomplikationen ; Nachuntersuchungsergebnisse ; Key words ; Elbow infection ; Open two-stage-approach ; Maintenance of joint function ; Bacteriology of elbow infection ; Late complications ; Follow-up results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Infection of the elbow is a rare complication of fracture treatment: it is occasionally seen as a primary complication, but also after injections, soft tissue defects, bursectomies and ulcerogenic lesions. It may spread by the haematogenous, lymphogenic or metastatic route. The onset of symptoms is often mild, so that patient and physician are deceived and treatment even of severe infections is delayed. Conservative treatment of joint infection or a limited surgical approach is seldom sufficient. The aim of treatment should be the restoration of joint movement, at least to an extent allowing pro- and supination of the hand. In case of an acute infection a transarthroscopic approach with debridement and irrigation of the joint can yield good results if repeated daily until the symptoms of the infection subside. Because of the prolonged course of the disease we prefer a two-stage approach at our institution. The first stage is a bilateral arthrotomy of the joint, involving a synoviectomy and insertion of local antibiotics (Septopal®, Miniseptopal®). The joint is left open, and the patient receives careful hydrophysical therapy with limited joint movement. Antibiotics are administered perioperatively, and the wounds are dressed daily with iodine ointment. Once there is no further pustulent secretion, the arthrotomy is closed after 7–12 days, at the same time as a thorough debridement is performed in a second-stage operation. Intensive physical rehabilitation, including ergotherapy and mobilisation with transposition of the joint, begins immediately after this procedure, augmented in most cases by administration of intravenous analgesic medication. From 1979 to 1997, we treated 27 cases of empyema of the elbow. Surgical therapy consisted in primary arthrodesis ¶because of severe joint destruction ¶in 2 patients (7.4%). In 4 patients (14.8%) a one-stage-approach was considered, but the treatment was unsuccessful in 2 cases. In 21 patients (77.8%) a two-stage-approach was undertaken as the primary procedure. No complications were found in 19 patients (82.6%), while in ¶4 cases soft-tissue defects were closed in a second operation. Late complications included 2 recurrent infections. Long-term follow-up was possible in 20 of 25 patients with preservation of joint function. These included 5 patients (20%) who had a free range of motion (ROM), while ¶6 patients (24%) were limited to one quarter ROM, 4 patients each (16%) to a half and three quarters ROM compared with the contralateral joint, and 1 patient (4%) had a stiff elbow.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Ellbogengelenkinfektion ist glücklicherweise eine relativ seltene Komplikation der Frakturbehandlung, gelegentlich auch eine primäre Erkrankung nach Injektion, Bursektomie, nach Defekten oder Ulzera, hämatogen, lymphogen, metastatisch oder postoperativ. Die Symptomatik ist nicht selten wenig dramatisch, so daß auch die ausgedehnte Gelenkinfektion häufiger über längere Zeit übersehen, fehlgedeutet oder sowohl vom Patienten als auch vom Arzt bagatellisiert werden kann. Die Gelenkinfektion kann nur selten allein konservativ oder mit begrenztem chirurgischem Vorgehen erfolgreich therapiert werden. Ziel sollte stets der Wiedergewinn der Funktion sein, dabei ist auch der alleinige Erhalt der Umwendbewegungen der Hand durchaus von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Bei der akuten Infektion kann durchaus allein transarthroskopisch vorgegangen werden, wobei ein intensives Débridement (Shaving) unter reichlich Spülung vorgenommen werden sollte und das Vorgehen bis zur definitiven Infektionsberuhigung möglichst täglich wiederholt wird. Wegen des gehäuft langwierigen Verlaufs hat sich bei uns das zweizeitige chirurgische Vorgehen bewährt, wobei im ersten Eingriff möglichst nach zweiseitiger Arthrotomie eine totale Synovialektomie unter Schonung der Gelenkstrukturen mit Einlage von Septopal ® (meist Miniseptopal ® ) ausgeführt wird. Die Arthrotomien verbleiben nach diesem Eingriff offen. Im postoperativen Verlauf werden unter gleichzeitiger perioperativer systemischer antibiotischer Behandlung vorsichtige Bewegungsübungen im Armbad und tägliche Verbandwechsel mit Betaisodonasalbe ausgeführt. Sistiert die Sekretion, werden die Arthrotomien nach 7–12 Tagen in einem 2. Eingriff nach erneutem radikalem Débridement verschlossen. Anschließend wird unverzüglich ein intensives Mobilisationsprogramm unter Umlagerung, Krankengymnastik, Ergotherapie, anfangs meist unter i.v. Schmerztherapie begonnen. Von 1979–1997 wurden bei uns 27 Ellbogengelenkempyeme behandelt. Zur Infektionsberuhigung wurde bei uns 2mal (7,4%) eine primäre Arthrodese wegen Gelenkzerstörung ausgeführt, bei 4 Patienten (14,8%) wurde ein einzeitiges operatives Vorgehen geplant, 2mal verlief es erfolglos. Bei 21 Patienten (77,8%) wurde primär das zweizeitige operative Vorgehen vorgenommen. Bei 19 Patienten (82,6%) verlief die zweizeitige Behandlung komplikationsfrei, 4mal mußten weiterbestehende Hautdefekte sekundär verschlossen werden. Als Spätkomplikation wurden bislang 2 Infektionsrezidive beobachtet. 20 von 25 Patienten mit Gelenkerhalt konnten mindestens 1–2 Jahre nach der Behandlung nachuntersucht werden: 5 Patienten (20,0%) hatten fast freie Gelenkfunktion, 6 (24,0%) Einschränkungen zu 1/4, je 4 Patienten (16,0%) Einschränkungen zur Hälfte bzw. zu 3 / 4 der Gegenseite, während das Gelenk bei 1 Patienten (4,0%) sekundär eingesteift war.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Ciclosporin ; Graft-versus-host-disease ; Bone marrow transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between 1982 and 1986 51 patients were treated with ciclosporin a (CSA) to prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Major side effects of the drug were tremor, hypertension, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Acute GvHD 0° to II° occurred in 80% of our patients, and GvHD III° and IV° in 20% despite the use of CSA. Two to four days before the onset of GvHD, CSA serum levels were significantly lower on the average in patients who developed GvHD III° and IV° compared to the others. Our data indicate that plasma CSA concentrations higher than 250 ng/ml should be achieved to reduce the severity of GvHD after BMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Coarctation of the aorta ; patent ductus arteriosus ; ventricular function ; heart failure ; surgical repair ; Schlüsselwörter ; Aortenisthmusstenose ; offener Ductus Botalli ; Ventrikelfunktion ; Herzinsuffizienz ; operative Korrektur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir beschreiben den Krankheitsverlauf einer 36-jährigen Frau mit unbehandelter Aortenisthmusstenose und offenem Ductus Botalli, die aufgrund einer ausgeprägten linksventrikulären Dysfunktion eine therapierefraktäre Herzinsuffizienz entwickelte. Nach operativer Korrektur der Aortenisthmusstenose und Ductusresektion normalisierte sich die linksventrikuläre Pumpfunktion, sodass davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass auch schwere linksventrikuläre Dysfunktionen auf dem Boden langjähriger Druck- und Volumenbelastung durch angeborene Herzfehler nach operativer Korrektur reversibel sein können.
    Notes: Summary We report on the history of a 36-year-old woman with untreated coarctation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus who developed refractory heart failure due to severely impaired left ventricular function. After coarctation repair and duct resection, left ventricular function improved to normal. Even in the presence of longstanding left ventricular pressure and volume overload, subsequent severe myocardial failure may be reversible by surgical repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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