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  • Risk factors  (2)
  • Basic fibroblast growth factor  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 320-327 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tobacco ; Alcohol ; Head and neck cancer ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We carried out two case-control studies on the relative risk of head and neck cancer in association with tobacco and alcohol consumption. The first study carried out at the ENT Department of the University hospitals of Heidelberg and Giessen (FRG) comprised 200 male patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck and 800 control subjects matched for sex, age, and residential area (1:4 matching design). Of the tumour patients, 4.5% had never smoked, in contrast to 29.5% of the control group. The average tobacco and alcohol consumption of the patients was approximately twice as high as in the control subjects. The highest alcohol and tobacco consumption was observed in patients suffering from oropharyngeal cancer. Tobacco and alcohol increased the risk of head and neck cancer in a dose-dependent fashion and acted as independent risk factors. In heavy smokers (〉 60 pack-years) a relative risk of 23.4 (alcohol adjusted) was calculated. Combined alcohol and tobacco consumption showed a synergistic effect. The risk ratio increased more in a multiplicative than in an additive manner. Oral and laryngeal cancer were associated with the highest tobacco-associated risk values. The highest ethanol-associated risk values were associated with oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. The second study was carried out at the ENT Department of the University of Heidelberg on 164 males with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and 656 control subjects matched for sex, age and residential area (1:4 matching design). Of the cases, 4.2% had never smoked, compared with 28.5% of the control subjects. The risk of laryngeal cancer by tobacco consumption was dose dependent, reaching a maximum value of 9.1 (adjusted for alcohol) for a consumption of more than 50 tobacco-years (TY). The relative risk of laryngeal cancer associated with alcohol intake was also dose dependent, reaching a value of 9.0 (adjusted for tobacco) for a mean daily consumption of more than 75 g alcohol. An analysis of subsite specific risks showed that heavy smokers (〉 50 TY) carried a nearly ten times higher risk of supraglottic cancer than of glottic cancer. The risk of supraglottic cancer from alcohol consumption was also higher than that of glottic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter VEGF ; bFGF ; MMP-2 ; Kopf-Hals-Krebs ; Radiochemotherapie ; Prognostische Marker ; Angiogenese ; Key words Vascular endothelial growth factor ; Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Matrix mealloproteinase-2 ; Head and neck cancer ; Radiochemotherapy ; Prognostic factors ; Tumor angiogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The objective of this trial was to analyse the predictive character of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the sera of patients with advanced carcinomas of the head and neck treated by primary radiochemotherapy. From 1992 to 1995, 25 patients with UICC stage cancers and one patient with stage III disease were treated in the departments of otolaryngology and radio-oncology of the University of Heidelberg according to a protocol of accelerated concomitant boost radiochemotherapy with carboplatin. The serum levels of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 were measured by enzyme-linked radiosorbent assay and data were correlated with followup findings (median time of follow up: 60 months). Patients with serum levels above normal were detected for VEGF in 4 patients, MMP-2 in 7 patients and for bFGF in 13 patients. An increase in bFGF serum levels above the upper limit of normal controls was significantly associated with a shorter time of locoregional control (P=0.036). In a covariate analysis bFGF proved to be independent of other prognostic factors, such as age, site, total tumor volume and response to therapy. No prognostic relevance of VEGF and MMP2 serum levels could be determined. The present suggest that bFGF is an independent prognostic factor for tumor control in advanced head and neck cancer after primary radiochemotherapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den prädiktiven Charakter der angiogenen Zytokine ”basic fibroblast growth factor” (bFGF), ”vascular endothelial growth factor” (VEGF) und der Protease ”matrix metalloproteinase-2” (MMP-2) anhand serologischer Bestimmungen bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen zu untersuchen. In den Jahren 1992–1995 wurden bei 26 Patienten mit Oro- und Hypopharynxkarzinomen (25 Stadium IV, 1 Stadium III UICC), die nach dem Protokoll einer akzelerierten Radiochemotherapie mit Carboplatin behandelt wurden, prätherapeutisch Serumproben gesammelt und kryoasserviert. Der Serumspiegel der Proteine VEGF, bFGF und MMP-2 wurde nach Entwicklung der entsprechenden Antikörper mittels eines ELISA bestimmt und zu dem klinischen, posttherapeutischen Verlauf der Patienten (mediane Beobachtungszeit: 60 Monate) in Beziehung gesetzt. Der mediane VEGF-Wert betrug 303,7 pg/ml (Referenzbereich: 62–707 pg/ml), bFGF 9,9 pg/ml (0–10 pg/ml) und MMP-2 707,1 (470–800 ng/ml). VEGF und MMP-2 zeigten keine Korrelation mit klinischen Parametern. Dem gegenüber korrelierten pathologisch erhöhte bFGF-Werte signifikant mit einer kürzeren Zeit der lokoregionären Kontrolle (p=0,036). bFGF zeigte keine Abhängigkeit von den Faktoren Alter, Tumorvolumen und Therapieansprechen. Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise für eine unabhängige prognostische Bedeutung von Serum-bFGF bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Tumoren des Oro/Hypopharynx nach primärer Radiochemotherapie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Plattenepithelkarzinome ; Oberer Aerodigestivtrakt ; Baugewerbe ; Risikofaktoren ; Früherkennung ; Key words Head and neck cancer ; Risk factors ; Construction industry ; Early tumor detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Workers in the construction industry carry an increased risk for head and neck cancer due to the high consumption of alcohol and tobacco plus exposure to occupational carcinogenic or co-carcinogenic agents. These latter substances include asbestos, tar products, metal dust, wood dust, cement dust and paints. Results: The Heidelberg case-control studies showed a statiscally increased risk of pharyngeal cancer (RR=2.5 adjusted for tobacco and alcohol) and laryngeal cancer (RR=2.3 adjusted for tobacco and alcohol) in the construction workers (23.3%) when compared to controls (8.2%). A random sample analysis of patients with head and neck cancer referred by the largest health assurrance company in Heidelberg (AOK), revealed that 21.2% were employed in the construction industry. Similar results have been obtained in a number of international epidemiological studies. Conclusions: Our findings show that male construction workers who regularly consume alcohol and tobacco represent an extreme risk group for head and neck cancer. Measures for early detection are important and must be implemented carefully.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Beschäftigte in der Bauindustrie weisen ein erhöhtes Risiko für Plattenepithelkarzinome im Bereich des oberen Aerodigestivtraktes auf. Dies ist einerseits auf den hohen Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum in dieser Berufsgruppe zurückzuführen. Anderseits scheint die berufliche Exposition gegenüber einer Reihe von Schadstoffen wie z.B. Asbestfeinstaub, Steinkohleteerinhaltsstoffen, Metall-, Holz- und Zementstaub und Farben das Krebsrisiko wesentlich zu beeinflussen. Ergebnisse: In den Heidelberger Fall-Kontroll-Studien wurde auch nach statistischer Bereinigung möglicher Alkohol- und Tabakeffekte ein statistisch signifikant erhöhtes Risiko für Rachenkarzinome (RR=2,5), sowie für Kehlkopfkarzinome (RR=2,3) bei Bauarbeitern ermittelt. Während 23,3% der Tumorpatienten als Bauarbeiter beschäftigt waren, war dies lediglich bei 8,2% der Kontrollpersonen der Fall. Eine Stichprobenanalyse des Patientengutes der AOK-Heidelberg ergab das 21,2% der an einem bösartigen Tumor im Bereich des oberen Aerodigestivtraktes erkrankten Männer im Baugewerbe beschäftigt waren. Diese Beobachtungen werden durch eine Reihe von internationalen Studien bestätigt. Diskussion: Nach unserer Einschätzung sind Männer im Alter von 45–65 Jahren mit regelmäßigem Alkohol-und/oder Tabakkonsum, die über einen langen Zeitraum im Baugewerbe tätig waren oder sind als Höchstrisikogruppe zu betrachten. Der Einsatz von Früherkennungsmaßnahmen erscheint sinnvoll und aus gesundheitsökonomischer Sicht vertretbar und sollte dringend in Erwägung gezogen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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