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  • Unit recording  (3)
  • hypertension  (3)
  • Bayesian inference  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold sensitivity in essential hypertension: the effect of beta- and combined alpha- and beta-blockade (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cold sensitivity ; hypertension ; alpha- and beta-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of cold sensitivity was investigated in three groups of patients; untreated hypertensives and hypertensives treated by a beta-adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol) or by a combined alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor blocker (labetalol) at two ambient temperatures. At a comfortable ambient (24°C) one-third of the untreated and those treated with beta-blockade only showed cold sensitivity as compared with 16% of patients on the combined therapy. Under conditions of mild cold stress (20°C) cold sensitivity increased in frequency in all three groups, more than half of the untreated and beta-blocked patients were affected and greater than one-third of those with alpha- and beta-blockade. These findings indicate that in the general population of hypertensives treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blockade alone may have little effect on the peripheral vasculature and that a useful degree of protection may be provided by therapy which blocks both receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547365
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissociation of biochemical and hypotensive effects of debrisoquine in hypertensive patients (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: debrisoquine ; hypertension ; renin ; catecholamines ; platelet monoamine oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The 24 h urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, metadrenaline, normetadrenaline and vanillylmandelic acid, plasma renin activity and plasma and urinary debrisoquine were measured before and during chronic treatment with oral debrisoquine in 14 in-patients with essential hypertension. There was a significant fall (mean ±SD) in the 24 h urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (15.3±2.8 to 6.7±1.9 µmol) noradrenaline (199.0±105.8 to 125.2±43.3 nmol) and plasma renin activity (0.71±0.47 to 0.40±0.20 pmol Angio I ml−1 h−1) while the urinary normetadrenaline/noradrenaline ratio increased (10.4±6.1 to 17.1±5.1). No significant change was seen in the output of adrenaline or of O-methylated metabolites. Debrisoquine produces extensive noncompetitive inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase in vivo at low therapeutic plasma concentrations. These changes support the view that treatment with debrisoquine produces intraneuronal inhibition of monoamine oxidase and post-ganglionic blockage. There was a significant correlation between the change in standing diastolic blood pressure and the daily dose (rs=−0.52), pre-dose plasma concentration (rs=−0.85) and mean daily urinary recovery (rs=−0.80), of debrisoquine. The full extent of the biochemical changes were seen at low dose and low plasma concentration and were not directly correlated with the fall in standing or supine blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563111
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acebutolol in hypertension: Relationships between drug concentration and effects (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Acebutolol ; N-acetyl metabolite ; drug plasma concentrations ; plasma renin activity ; hypertension ; β-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Relationships between plasma concentrations of acebutolol (Ac) and its N-acetyl metabolite (Am) and pharmacological effects were studied in patients with essential hypertension. In an acute study (N=7) 400 mg oral acebutolol produced similar peak plasma levels of Ac and Am but Am had a longer half life. Group mean pulse and blood pressure fell significantly, although the size of individual blood pressure fall varied five-fold. There was no significant change in plasma renin activity. Correlations were found between drug concentration and β-blockade, assessed as % reduction in exercise tachycardia, and between both of these and the fall in post exercise systolic blood pressure. Similar comparisons were made in a chronic optimum dose study (N=11) both pre-dose and three hours post-dose. Am concentration was consistently higher than Ac at both times. Blood pressure was lowered equally pre-and post-dose when compared to placebo and plasma renin activity (PRA) was reduced on active treatment. Correlations were again shown between drug concentrations and β-blockade but none were found with changes in blood pressure or PRA. Between subject differences in blood pressure response could not be fully explained in terms of the other measurements but it is unlikely that pharmacokinetic differences are the major source of this variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716378
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topography of projections from the motor cortex to rubrospinal units in the cat (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 315-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Red nucleus ; Unit recording ; Motor cortex ; Topographical organization ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A topographical study of the cortico-rubrospinal pathway was conducted in cats anesthetized with chloralose. Extracellular unit recordings were made from cells in the red nucleus projecting to the spinal cord. They were identified by antidromic invasion following stimulation of their axones at the 2nd cervical and 9th thoracic levels of the spinal cord. I. The pericruciate cortical regions from which spikes could be induced in rubrospinal neurons were limited to the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus, the lateral sigmoid gyrus and the anterior part of the posterior sigmoid gyrus. No responses were obtained from stimulation of the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus or the gyrus proreus. Compared to the somatotopic organization of the motor cortex for the cat described by Woolsey (1958), our results show that the rubrospinal cells receive projections from the motor cortex controlling proximal and distal muscles but not axial muscles. II. Neurons projecting to the cervico-thoracic cord receive afferents from the lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the lateral sigmoid gyrus whereas those projecting to the lumbo-sacral cord receive projections from the entire surface of the sigmoid gyrus except the medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus and the gyrus proreus. III. A latero-medial organization of cells within the red nucleus was found according to the origin of their cortical afferents. Rubrospinal neurons with fibers terminating in the cervical or thoracic cord receive projections from the motor cortex controlling the proximal musculature of the forelimb when they are located in the dorso-lateral region of the nucleus and the entire forelimb motor cortex when they are located in the medial part of the nucleus. It is suggested that this organization may indicate a control of proximal forelimb musculature by dorsolateral rubrospinal cells and distal musculature by medial cells. IV. Rubrospinal cells placed medially in the nucleus receive more convergent projections (i.e. from a greater cortical surface) than cells placed more laterally. It was shown that for certain cells the convergence occurs in the direct pathway. These results are discussed in terms of a functional organization allowing coordinated movements of different segments of a single limb or of different limbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234669
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topography of rubrospinal units in the cat (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 14 (1972), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rubrospinal cells ; Unit recording ; Topographical organization ; Conduction velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mapping of cells at the origin of the rubrospinal tract was conducted in the cat. 1. Rubrospinal neurons sending efferents to cervico-thoracic segments of the spinal cord are located in the dorso-medial part of the nucleus. These neurons are especially medial in the caudal planes and especially dorsal in the rostral planes. Neurons with efferents terminating at the level of lumbo-sacral segments of the cord occupy the ventro-lateral part of the nucleus. These neurons are especially lateral in the caudal planes and especially ventral in the rostral planes. The limit between these two cell populations is clear in the caudal and middle thirds of the nucleus but considerable overlap is seen in the rostral third. These results agree with the anatomical findings of Pompeiano and Brodal (1957). 2. For the population of lumbar neurons the conduction velocities ranged from 31 m/sec to more than 120 m/sec with a mean of 85 m/sec. 3. Rubrospinal cells are found throughout the nucleus. The most caudal planes are essentially composed of cells with rapidly conducting fibers whereas in the middle and rostral planes a cell population with increasingly slower conducting fibers appears. The results of the present study are discussed in relation to classical data on the magnocellular and parvocellular divisions of the red nucleus. 2.The third author acknowledge the personal support of the Medical Research Council of Canada.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235033
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Bayesian approach to validating STR multiplex databases for use in forensic casework (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words DNA profiling ; Forensic identification ; Bayesian inference ; Likelihood ratio ; Coancestry ; coefficient ; Probability ; Statistics ; PCR ; STR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract A previous paper in this journal has described the conventional statistical analysis of three databases (Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Asians from the Indian subcontinent) where individuals are typed at six short tandem repeat (STR) loci. This paper presents a Bayesian analysis of the same data and the approach is centred on the concept of estimating coancestry coefficients from mixed databases. Posterior distributions for the three databases are presented and discussed and the consequences of implementing bootstrap estimation procedures are also shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050079
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of activity in precentral cortical neurons to force and rate of force change during isometric contractions of finger muscles (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 23 (1975), S. 315-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Precentral motor cortex ; Unit recording ; Isometric precision grip ; Force and rate of force change ; Microstimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of single neurons within the hand area of the precentral motor cortex of primates was recorded during the performance of a maintained precision grip between the thumb and forefinger. The finger opposition forces were exerted against a strain gauge which allowed force changes to be studied under near isometric conditions. Task performance required the generation of a force ramp (the dynamic phase) and thereafter the maintenance of a stable force for one second (the static phase). Intracortical stimulation through the recording electrode was used to verify that the recordings were made from the appropriate somatotopographic area of the motor cortex. From a total of 221 recorded neurons, 76 were found to be either activated or deactivated during performance of the task. Among the 51 activated neurons, most discharged at higher frequencies during the dynamic phase, than during the static phase. The discharge of some of these neurons could be related to both force (F) and rate of force change (df/dt) whereas certain others could only be correlated with df/dt. The change in discharge frequency for these neurons generally occurred prior to the onset of EMG activity. Eight neurons were more active during maintained force than during the force ramp. The discharge frequency could not be correlated with df/dt and only one showed a significant positive relation to force. The change in discharge frequency for these neurons either coincided or occurred after the onset of EMG activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239743
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bayesian analysis of contingency tables: a simulation and graphics-based approach (1996)
    Springer
    Statistics and computing 6 (1996), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1375
    Keywords: Bayesian inference ; contingency tables ; Gibbs sampling ; graphical methods ; hypothesis testing ; independence ; intraclass tables ; model comparison ; predictive densities ; quasisymmetry ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present a simulation and graphics-based model checking and model comparison methodology for the Bayesian analysis of contingency tables. We illustrate the approach by testing the hypotheses of independence and symmetry on complete and incomplete simulated tables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140872
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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