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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P enhancement of inhibitory avoidance learning: Mediation by the N-terminal sequence
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 11 (1990), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Inhibitory avoidance learning ; Rat ; SP(1-7) ; Substance P ; Tachykinins ; Up-hill avoidance task ; [pGlu^6]-SP(6-11)
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(90)90125-O
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thrombolytische Therapie der tiefen Beinvenenthrombose mit Urokinase (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 489-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thrombosis ; Deep vein thrombosis ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolysis ; Thrombolysis ; Thrombose ; Beinvenenthrombose ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolysetherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 81 Patienten mit tiefen venösen Thrombosen der unteren Extremität wurde eine Fibrinolysebehandlung mit Urokinase nach einem neuen, höher dosierten Therapieschema in Kombination mit Heparin durchgeführt. Unter Gabe einer Urokinasedosis von 1000–2000 IE/kg/h (Initialdosis 150000–250000 IE) konnte bei frischen, bis zu 10 Tage alten Thrombosen eine komplette oder Teileröffnung bei 68% der Patienten erzielt werden. Dabei zeigte die höhere Urokinasedosierung im Beckenvenenbereich mit einer Wiedereröffnungsrate von 67% im Vergleich zur niedrigeren Dosis mit einer Rekanalisierungsrate von nur 43% einen deutlich stärkeren thrombolytischen Effekt. Bei den Thrombosen im V. poplitea- oder Wadenvenenbereich konnte dagegen mit einer Befundbesserung von 80 und 78% bzw. 75 und 62% ein nur gering differierender Behandlungserfolg beobachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die hier angewendete höhere Urokinasedosierung (Erhaltungsdosis 2000 IE/kg/h) der niedrigeren bei Vorliegen langstreckiger Thrombosen überlegen ist. Unter der höheren Dosierung richtete sich die weitere Urokinasedosis nach der Fibrinogenkonzentration nach Clauss, wobei ein Wert von 50–100 mg% angestrebt wurde und ein Wert von 50 mg% nicht unterschritten werden sollte. Die Steuerung der Therapie gestaltete sich dabei problemlos. An Nebenwirkungen wurden bei 8,6% der Patienten Makrohämaturien und nur in 6% der Fälle ein Hb-Abfall von mehr als 2 g% beobachtet. Lebensbedrohliche oder cerebrale Blutungen traten nicht auf. Der hohe Anteil älterer Phlebothrombosen und die dann wesentlich geringeren therapeutischen Erfolgsaussichten (Rekanalisierung in nur 23% der Fälle) unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer möglichst frühzeitigen Klinikeinweisung.
    Notes: Summary In 81 patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb, urokinase therapy was performed in combination with heparin according to a new regimen at higher dosages. When urokinase was administered at an initial maintenance dosage of 1,000–2,000 IU/kg/h (loading dose 150,000–250,000 IU), phlebographically documented complete or partial recanalization could be observed in 68% of the cases. The higher dosage schedule induced a more pronounced deobliteration expecially in treatment of iliac vein thromboses (67% recanalization) in comparison to the lower dosage regimen (only 43% recanalization). Nearly comparable therapeutic results could be achieved in therapy of popliteal or saphenous vein thromboses. The data suggest that the higher dosage schedule examined here is indicated in treatment of extensive and large volume thromboses. The dosage of urokinase was further adjusted to attain a reduction of fibrinogen to 50–100 mg/dl. The concentration should not fall below 50 mg/dl. Therapy with urokinase proved practicable. Serious side effects did not occur. 8.6% of the patients showed hematuria and 6% a decrease of the Hb by more than 2 g/dl. The high proportion of older thromboses and the only low rate of recanalization (23%) in these cases suggest the necessity of an early commencement of fibrinolyses in therapy of deep vein thrombosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01756094
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence-specific effects of neurokinin substance P on memory, reinforcement, and brain dopamine activity (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 112 (1993), S. 147-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Peptides ; Tachykinins ; Substance P fragments ; Inhibitory avoidance learning ; Conditioned place preference ; Nucleus basalis magnocellularis ; Dopamine ; Neostriatum ; Nucleus accumbens ; In vivo microdialysis ; Neurodegeneration ; Alzheimer's disease ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is ample evidence that the neurokinin substance P (SP) can have neurotrophic as well as memory-promoting effects. This paper outlines a recent series of experiments dealing with the effects of SP and its N- and C-terminal fragments on memory, reinforcement, and brain monoamine metabolism. It was shown that SP, when applied peripherally (IP), promotes memory (inhibitory avoidance learning) and is reinforcing (place preference task) at the same dose of 37 nmol/kg. Most important, however, is the finding that these effects seemed to be encoded by different SP sequences, since the N-terminal SP1-7 (185 nmol/kg) enhanced memory, whereas C-terminal hepta- and hexapeptide sequences of SP proved to be reinforcing in a dose equimolar to SP. These differential behavioral effects were paralleled by selective and site-specific changes in dopamine (DA) activity, as both SP and its C-, but not N-terminus, increased extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not in the neostriatum. The neurochemical changes lasted at least 2 h after injection. These results show that the reinforcing action of peripheral administered SP may be mediated by its C-terminal sequence, and that this effect could be related to DA activity in the NAc. Direct application of SP (0.74 pmol) into the region of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) was also memory-promoting and reinforcing, and again, these effects were differentially produced by the N-terminus and C-terminus, supporting the proposed structure-activity relationship for SP's effects on memory and reinforcement. These results may provide a hypothetical link between the memory-modulating and reinforcing effects of SP and the impairment in associative functioning accompanying certain neurodegenerative processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244906
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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