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  • Blasensäule  (5)
  • leptomeningeal metastasis  (4)
  • Electron microscopy  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Blasensäule ; Viskosität ; Fermentation ; Sauerstoff-Eintrag ; Gasanteil ; Stoffübergang ; Blasengröße ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: leptomeningeal metastasis ; meningeal carcinomatosis ; B16 melanoma ; intrathecal chemotherapy ; ACNU
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate new cytotoxic drugs for intrathecal treatment we developed an experimental model of leptomeningeal metastasis by intracisternal injection of 104B16-F10 melanoma cells in nude rats. One hour in vitro incubation with 20 μg/ml ACNU (area under the drug concentration-time curve = 1200 μgxmin/ml) induced a 4-log kill of B16 melanoma cells. A single or repeated non-toxic dose of 1 mg/kg was injected into the cisterna magna of rats inoculated with tumor (area under the drug concentration-time curve assuming an even cerebrospinal fluid distribution 〉 7000 μgxmin/ml). Median survival free of symptoms was 16 days (range 14–27) for controls (n = 9) and 18 days (range 17–23) for rats treated with ACNU on day 4 (n = 9). Animals treated both on day 2 and 8 (n = 8) developed symptoms on day 21 (range 13–35). Neurological symptoms and neuropathological examination in animals with increased survival indicated local suppression of tumor growth in the cisterna magna but increased spinal seeding and mass growth. From these results and the available pharmacokinetic data on ACNU it is concluded that bolus injection of ACNU — although locally effective — is not a sufficient treatment of widespread leptomeningeal metastasis. An increased therapeutic efficacy might be achieved by ventriculolumbar perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: leptomeningeal metastasis ; B16 melanoma ; magnetic resonance imaging ; animal model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MR imaging of the rat brain has become an increasingly frequently used method in experimental neuroradiology. On a generally available 1.5 T whole body tomograph, supplemented with an individually made small coil and a special SE sequence we obtained fairly fine images of the structures of the rat brain. With gadolinium-DTPA, we were able to visualize posterior fossa and cervical leptomeningeal growth of intrathecally injected B16 melanoma in nude rats. Using MRI to follow experimental leptomeningeal metastasis, may provide a new means for diagnostic evaluation and preclinical testing of treatment modalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: animal model ; leptomeningeal metastasis ; C6 glioma ; intrathecal therapy ; immunotherapy ; interleukin-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of intrathecal treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) with interleukin-2 (IL-2) was evaluated in an animal model using Wistar rats inoculated intracisternally with 107 C6 glioma cells. Prior to the in vivo experiments the antiproliferative effects of human IL-2, and of murine IFN-γ and TNF-α which are cytokines induced by IL-2 were tested in a colony forming assay. Only IFN-γ caused a dose-dependent inhibition of colony formation. Twelve animals were treated intracisternally with either 105 IU IL-2 or control medium on day 0, 2, and 5 after tumor cell inoculation. Both IL-2 treated and sham-treated animals developed LM with a symptom-free survival of 7 to 9 days. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated animals regarding time to onset of symptoms and pattern of tumor growth. Infiltration of the tumor tissue with ED-1+ monocytes and macrophages, and CD8+ lymphocytes, however, was slightly increased in IL-2 treated animals. In a second experiment 4 non tumor-bearing Wistar rats were intracisternally injected with a single dose of 105 IU IL-2. These animals also showed slightly enhanced leptomeningeal infiltration with CD8+ lymphocytes compared to controls. We conclude that intrathecal application of high-dose IL-2 although eliciting a slight immune reaction within the leptomeninges does not inhibit leptomeningeal tumor growth or prolong symptom-free survival in our animal model of LM. These results raise doubt about the clinical efficacy of intrathecal IL-2 treatment in patients with LM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: animal model ; leptomeningeal metastasis ; lymphomatous meningitis ; intrathecal therapy ; immunotherapy ; immunotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have established a new xenogeneic animal model of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) by intracisternal inoculation of human CEM T-cell lymphoma into nude rats, and used it to evaluate the anti-lymphoma efficacy of an anti-CD7 ricin A chain immunotoxin (DA7). In vitro incubation with 2 μg/ml DA7 for 72 h inhibited CEM cells by 90% in a trypan blue exclusion assay. To establish its anti-lymphoma activity, one and four days after cisternal inoculation of 106 CEM cells, eight animals each were treated cisternally with 10 μg DA7 in 50 μl PBS or sham-treated with 50 μl PBS. Histopathologically, all eight sham-treated and five of eight DA7 treated animals showed typical features of LM with multilayers of tumor cells along the whole subarachnoid space and the ventricular walls, as well as subependymal and diffuse parenchymal tumor cell infiltration. Three DA7 treated animals were free of tumor. Two of these animals were asymptomatic long-term survivors (〉 90 days). The third tumor-free animal suddenly died on day 51. Histology revealed viral myocarditis. Median symptom-free survival was 51 days (range 29–90+ days) in DA7 treated and 34 days (range 29–87 days) in sham-treated animals (p=0.12, log-rank test). Histologically, no signs of neurotoxicity or systemic toxicity was found. However, DA7 treated animals showed a tendency to a slower weight increase on days 6–28 after tumor cell inoculation. Our results indicate that this model is useful in studying leptomeningeal seeding and intracisternal treatment of lymphoma. The demonstrated anti-tumor effect of DA7 treatment deserves further evaluation especially regarding the application of DA7 in early stages of LM from T-cell lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 371-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lobula complex ; Visual interneurons ; Ultrastructure ; Cobalt-impregnations ; Electron microscopy ; Diptera (Calliphora erythrocephala)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic organization of three classes of cobalt-filled and silver-intensified visual interneurons in the lobula complex of the blowfly Calliphora (Col A cells, horizontal cells and vertical cells) was studied electron microscopically. The Col A cells are regularly spaced, columnar, small field neurons of the lobula, which constitute a plexus of arborizations at the posterior surface of the neuropil and the axons of which terminate in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. They show postsynaptic specializations in the distal layer of their lobula-arborizations and additional presynaptic sites in a more proximal layer; their axon terminals are presynaptic to large descending neurons projecting into the thoracic ganglion. The horizontal and vertical cells are giant tangential neurons, the arborizations of which cover the anterior and posterior surface of the lobula plate, respectively, and which terminate in the perioesophageal region of the protocerebrum. Both classes of these giant neurons were found to be postsynaptic in the lobula plate and pre- and postsynaptic at their axon terminals and axon collaterals. The significance of these findings with respect to the functional properties of the neurons investigated is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 100-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Connective tissue ; Gastropoda ; Globular cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Blasenzellen stellen ein typisches Zellelement im Bindegewebe der Gastropoden dar. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Cepaea nemoralis haben gezeigt, daß der größte Teil einer Blasenzelle mit einer veränderlichen Glykogenmenge angefüllt ist. Diese zentrale Glykogenansammlung verdrängt das Zytoplasma mit seinen Organellen auf den peripheren Bereich der Zelle einschließlich der Zellausläufer und einen schmalen Saum um den Zellkern. Das wichtigste Identifizierungs-merkmal der Blasenzelle ist eine sehr spezialisierte — hier als Spaltenapparat bezeichnete — Oberflächendifferenzierung. Die Auswertung von Serienschnitten hat gezeigt, daß diese Oberflächenstruktur durch eine zum Teil verzweigte Invagination des extrazellulären Raumes gebildet wird, die wiederum von der Blasenzelle durch eine mäanderförmig unterbrochene Platte abgedeckt ist. Zwischen dem Spaltenapparat der Blasenzellen und dem Reusenapparat der Podozyten der Niere scheint eine Ähnlichkeit zu bestehen.
    Notes: Summary The globular cells are typical elements of the connective tissue of Gastropods. Light- and electronmicroscopic investigations of Cepaea nemoralis have shown, that these cells are filled with variable contents of glycogen, accumulated in the centre of the cell. This crowds the cytoplasm and the cell organelles into the peripheral area, including the cell processes and a narrow band surrounding the nucleus. The typical element of the globular cell is a special differentiation of the cell surface, the so-called “Spaltenapparat”. The three-dimensional organisation of the “Spaltenapparat” has been analysed by serial ultrathin sections. The reconstruction shows, that the “Spaltenapparat” consists of numerous branched invaginations of the extracellular space covered by very small, winding cell processes; there are tiny clefts between them. There appears to be some similarity between the “Spaltenapparat” of the globular cells and the pedicels of the podocytes of the renal glomerulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 139-146 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amoebocytes ; Globular cells ; Pulmonates ; Cell coat ; Endocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cell coat of the amoebocytes and globular cells occurring in the connective tissue of Helix pomatia and Cepaea nemoralis was studied with colloidal iron, Thorotrast, ruthenium red and Alcian blue methods. The positive reactions of the entire cell surface of amoebocytes to these cationic dyes indicate the presence of an acid sialic-glycoprotein. The cell coat of the invaginations of globular cells proved to be distinct from the remainder cell surface since it has shown the strongest reaction of ruthenium red. The importance of the cell coat in the mechanism of endocytosis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Blasensäule ; Strömung ; Meßtechnik ; Heißfilm-Anemometrie ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 57 (1985), S. 474-475 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Blasensäule ; Hydrodynamik ; axiale Vermischung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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