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  • canrenone  (2)
  • in vitro fertilization (IVF)  (2)
  • Bone mineral density  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: canrenone ; spironolactone ; elderly patients ; single and multiple doses ; plasma protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of canrenone and ‘total metabolites’ after base hydrolysis were compared in young and elderly subjects following single and multiple doses of spironolactone. After the initial dose on Day 1, plasma levels of canrenone and ‘total metabolites’ were higher in the young than in the elderly group, and significant differences were found between the two age groups in the AUC for both canrenone and ‘total metabolites’. However, these differences between the two age groups diminished after multiple dosing on Day 8, and the steady state predose plasma levels of canrenone and ‘total metabolites’ were significantly higher in the elderly subjects. The accumulation ratios of canrenone and ‘total metabolites’ were significantly higher in the elderly than in the young subjects. Both canrenone and canrenoic acid were extensively bound to plasma protein, but no differences were found between the two age groups in protein binding. Observed differences in plasma levels after single and multiple dosing between young and old subjects may be consequences of many factors such as 1.) a proportionate shift in metabolism with age; 2.) impaired oral absorption of the parent compound; and/or 3.) altered volume of distribution of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: spironolactone ; canrenone ; metabolites ; pharmacokinetics ; single/multiple oral doses ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of canrenone and ‘total metabolites’ after base hydrolysis was studied in eight young volunteers following single and multiple dose oral administration of spironolactone. The plasma levels of canrenone and ‘total metabolites’ were fitted to a two-compartment open model with a first-order absorption process. From our eight normal subjects studied, the harmonic mean of the distributive half-life (t1/2α) of canrenone was found to be 1.66 h, and the harmonic mean of the terminal elimination half-life (t1/2β) to be 22.6 h. Harmonic means of the distributive and elimination half-lives of ‘total metabolites’ after base hydrolysis were 2.48 h and 28.8 h respectively. The accumulation ratio of canrenone was 2.53, whereas that of ‘total metabolites’ was 1.89. Despite the fact that spironolactone has been shown to induce hepatic metabolism of other drugs, no evidence of autoinduction was noted in the present study, as plasma levels of canrenone and ‘total metabolites’ were found to obey a linear two-compartment model with reproducible absorption and disposition after single and multiple doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Newborn ; Lumbar spine ; Bone mineral density ; Quantitative computed tomography ; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To assess the true mineral density (BMD, in g/cm3) of the lumbar spine in newborns. Design and patients. A post-mortem analysis of five infants with gestational ages ranging from 35 to 40 weeks, and birth weights from 2765 to 3200 g, was conducted using dual-energy quantitative computed tomography (QCT; Siemens Somatom DR). A 2 or 4 mm thick slice was obtained for each lumbar vertebra from L1 to L4. The density measured in these vertebrae was corrected by reference to a solid phantom (Osteo-CT) measured simultaneously. A three-dimensional image of the spine (Elscint CT Twin), as well as a photomicrograph of histological preparation from L2 vertebra, were also obtained in another term baby for comparison with the CT results. Results and conclusions. In the range of values studied, the vertebral densities were not dependent on birth weight. BMD values measured in L2, L3 and L4 were not significantly different, but were 10% lower than in L1 in four of five infants. The spatial resolution of the QCT protocol used (0.4 mm) did not permit the differentiation of trabecular and cortical bone, and the vertebral bodies appeared very homogeneous and dense, with a mean density value of 210±30 mg Ca/cm3, which is 2.5 times higher than the mean maximum value found in young normal adults. These preliminary results highlight the potential of QCT in neonatology. Special protocols will, however, need to be developed for in vivo measurements in this particular paediatric field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: in vitro fertilization (IVF) ; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ; luteinizing hormone (LH) ; ovarian response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Day 2 serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are prognostic indicators in treatment with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and FSH is especially useful in predicting the ovarian response to superovulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: in vitro fertilization (IVF) ; gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) ; luteinizing hormone (LH) assays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifty-eight treatment cycles in an in vitro fertilization/gamete intrafallopian transfer (IVF/GIFT) program were studied to compare the efficacy of two urinary methods, hemagglutination test (Higonavis) and enzyme immunoassay (Ovustick), in detection of spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. If an isolated rise in urinary LH level was taken as indicative of LH surge, the false-positive rate was 36.7% for Higonavis and 10.2% for Ovustick. The difference was statistically significant (P〈0.001). If only a sustained rise in urinary LH was taken to indicate LH surge, the false-positive rate was 6.1% for Higonavis and 0% for Ovustick. In the seven cycles with a spontaneous plasma LH surge, there was a positive correlation between the plasma LH levels and the two urinary assay methods in six cycles (85.7%). Compared to plasma LH, there was a mean delay of 17.4 hr by the Higonavis test and 15.6 hr by the Ovustick test. If a sustained rise in urinary LH levels was taken as indicative of LH surge, both methods are quite accurate but the Ovustick appeared to be more specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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