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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 31 (1992), S. 2851-2853 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Annonaceae ; Goniothalamus amuyon ; cytotoxicity. ; goniodiol 8-monoacetate, goniotriol ; styrylpyrones
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 33 (1993), S. 497-500 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Annona montana ; Annonaceae ; alkaloids ; annolatine ; annoretine ; cytotoxicity.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 1013-1023 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficient ; cadmium-amalgam electrode ; Clark saturated standard cell ; electrode stability ; emf ; mercury:mercurous sulfate electrode ; standard electrode potential ; sulfuric acid ; Weston saturated standard cell ; zinc-amalgam electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The standard potential of the mercury:mercurous sulfate electrode in aqueous solution at 25°C is determined in terms of the Weston saturated and Clark saturated standard cells. Eight electrode combinations involving cadmium-amalgam or zinc-amalgam electrodes and one lead-amalgam electrode are employed with the emf of the standard cells. A best value of 0.61544 V was obtained that agrees within 0.09 mV with the value previously reported by Harned and Hamer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Dissociation constant ; buffers ; NaMOPS ; temperature dependence ; emf ; Gibbs energy ; enthalpy ; entropy ; heat capacity ; zwitterion ; liquid junction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The second dissociation constant pK2 of 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) has been determined at eight temperatures from 5 to 55°C by measurements of the emf of cells without liquid junction, utilizing hydrogen electrodes and silver–silver chloride electrodes. The pK2 has a value of 7.18 ± 0.001 at 25°C and 7.044 ± 0.002 at 37°C. The thermodynamic quantities ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔC p o have been derived from the temperature coefficients of the pK 2. This buffer at ionic strength I = 0.16 mol-kg−1 close to that of blood serum, has been recommended as a useful secondary pH standard for measurements of physiological fluids. Five buffer solutions with the following compositions were prepared: (a) equimolal mixture of MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS, (0.05 mol-kg−1); (b( MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.05 mol-kg−1); (c) MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1); + NaCl (0.11mol-kg−1); (d) MOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1); and (e)MOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.08 mol-kg−1).The pH values obtained by using the pH meter + glass electrode assembly are compared with those measured from a flow–junction calomel cell saturated with KCl (cell B), as well as those obtained from cell (A) without liquid junction at 25 and 37°C. The conventional values of the liquid junction potentials E j have been obtained at 25 and 37°C for the physiological phosphate reference solution as well as for the MOPS buffers (d) and (e) mentioned above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 675-692 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Deuterium chloride ; deuterium oxide ; electrochemical cell ; emf ; enthalpy ; entropy ; free energy ; heat capacity ; isotope effect ; standard potential ; thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The themodynamic properties of solutions of deuterium chloride (DCl) in deuterium oxide (D2O) have been determined from emf measurements of the electrochemical cell without transference from 5 to 50°C, and from 0.002 to 1.0 mol-kg−1. The standard potential of the silver/silver chloride electrode relative to the platinum/deuterium electrode has been determined. An equation for the Gibbs energy as a function of temperature has been derived from which the enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity have been computed. Equations for the activity coefficient and the osmotic coefficient of DCl in D2O have been developed. The excess Gibbs energy of the solution and the excess partial molar free energy as a function of temperature have been calculated, from which the other excess thermodynamic properties have been computed. The values for the heat capacity and the apparent molar heat capacity have been compared with calorimetric data in the literature. The relative partial molar enthalpy has been calculated. The solvent isotope effect on the excess thermodynamic functions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1999), S. 399-402 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Esophageal artery ; Esophageal anatomy ; Semicircular esophageal artery ; Cadaver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cadaver studies were made to obtain more details about the arterial patterns in the thoracic and abdominal segments of the esophagus, with emphasis on the arterial supply to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The results showed that the inferior thoracic segment of the esophagus usually received blood supply from a single artery, with an average diameter of 1.42 ± 0.49 mm (X ± s), whereas the abdominal segment was commonly supplied by two arteries. The abdominal esophageal arteries coming from the left gastric artery were semi-circular in shape with an average diameter of 2.06 ± 0.70 mm. From these semi-circular esophageal arteries, 3 to 8 smaller arteries branched off and penetrated into the muscle of the abdominal segment of the esophagus or anastomosed with arterial branches from the inferior thoracic segment. Thus, the blood supply of the abdominal segment was richer than that of the inferior thoracic segment. This richness of blood supply, characterized by semicircular esophageal arteries in the abdominal segment, may be important for the function of the LES.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 399-402 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Esophageal artery ; Esophageal anatomy ; Semicircular esophageal artery ; Cadaver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude autospique a été réalisée pour obtenir plus de détails sur le trajet de l'artère du segment thoracoabdominal de l'œsophage en insistant sur l'apport artériel du sphincter inférieur de l'œsophage (SIO). Les résultats montrent que le segment thoracique inférieur de l'œsophage reçoit habituellement son apport artériel d'une seule artère d'un diamètre moyen de 1.42±0.49 mm. Tandis que le segment abdominal de l'œsophage est le plus fréquemment vascularisé par deux artères. Les artères de l'œsophage abdominal naissant de l'artère gastrique gauche adoptent une forme semi-circulaire et présentent un diamètre moyen de 2.06±0.70 mm. De ces artères œsophagiennes semi-circulaires naissent trois à huit petites branches artérielles qui pénètrent dans le muscle du segment abominal de l'œsophage ou s'anastomosent avec les branches artérielles venant du segment thoracique inférieur de l'œsophage. Ainsi, la vascularisation du segment abdominal de l'œsophage est plus riche que celle du segment thoracique inférieur. La richesse de la vascularisation caractérisée par les artères œsophagiennes semi-circulaires au niveau du segment semi-abdominal peut être importante dans la fonction du SIO.
    Notes: Summary Cadaver studies were made to obtain more details about the arterial patterns in the thoracic and abdominal segments of the esophagus, with emphasis on the arterial supply to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The results showed that the inferior thoracic segment of the esophagus usually received blood supply from a single artery, with an average diameter of 1.42±0.49 mm (X±s), whereas the abdominal segment was commonly supplied by two arteries. The abdominal esophageal arteries coming from the left gastric artery were semi-circular in shape with an average diameter of 2.06±0.70 mm. From these semi-circular esophageal arteries, 3 to 8 smaller arteries branched off and penetrated into the muscle of the abdominal segment of the esophagus or anastomosed with arterial branches from the inferior thoracic segment. Thus, the blood supply of the abdominal segment was richer than that of the inferior thoracic segment. This richness of blood supply, characterized by semicircular esophageal arteries in the abdominal segment, may be important for the function of the LES.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 257-266 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Raw leachate was treated using a two-stage upflow anaerobic filter process. Leachate from a solid waste landfill site, which received both municipal and industrial wastes, contained high organic matter (17-21 g/L COD, 13-14 g/L BOD, and 3.5-4.6 g/L volatile acids), and low metal (Zn and Fe) concentrations. Depending on sampling time, leachate composition and characteristics varied considerably. At an organic loading up to 4 g COD/day2 media area, the BOD and COD removal percentages were 98 and 91%, respectively. The biofilters were also effective for metal removal. However, the filter effluent contained a high concentration of ammonia. System overloading was characterized by the accumulation of large quantities of volatile acids and by a now ratio of alkalinity/volatile acids, resulting in low COD removal and reduced gas production. Once the first filter was upset, the second stage could only partially respond to the volatile acids accumulated in the effluent of first filter.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 179-186 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of stress corrosion cracking of austenitic steels in acid chloride solutions at low temperaturesTests were carried out on materials 1.4301, 1.4571, 1.4439 and 1.4558 in cold hydrocloric acid (c(Cl-) = 1.5 mol/L and c(H+) = 1 mol/L, a few tests also at 0.1 and 0.01 mol/L).Chronopotentiostatic tests yielded data on active corrosion, passivity and pitting corrosion. CERT tests (10-6s-1, a few tests also at 2 · 10-7s-1) showed superposition of general corrosion on stress corrosion under free corrosion condition, while the rest potential was relatively negative in the active range. Oxygen purging has only a minor effect. The extent of cracking decreases with decreasing c(H+). In the case of cathodic polarisation straining induced surface notches occur which can be attributed to hydrogen induced effects. In the case of anodic polarisation pittings are generated without any crack initiation. Characteristic features of stress corrosion increase with decreasing strain rate.It follows from the results that high acid concentrations are necessary for stress corrosion cracking in the active state to occur. CERT tests cannot be used as an accelerated test for this kind of stress corrosion cracking. Few CERT tests carried out in warm NaCl solution did not show any stress corrosion cracking though these solutions are known to cause stress corrosion cracking after long periods. Furthermore, predamage in the form of pitting does not alter the situation.
    Notes: Die Werkstoffe Nr. 1.4301, 1.4571, 1.4439 und 1.4558 wurden bei Raumtemperatur in kalter Salzsäure (c(Cl-) = 1,5 mol/L und c(H+) = 1 mol/L, vereinzelt auch 0,1 und 0,01 mol/L) untersucht. Potentiostatische Halteversuche ergeben Daten für aktive Korrosion, Passivität und Lochkorrosion. CERT-Versuche (10-6s-1, vereinzelt auch 2 · 10-7s-1) bei freier Korrosion zeigten eine Überlagerung zwischen transkristallinem Angriff und gleichförmigem Flächenabtrag, wobei das Ruhepotential bei verhältnismäßig negativen Potentialen im Aktivbereich liegt. Sauerstoffspülung hat nur einen geringen Einfluß und erhöht den Flächenabtrag. Mit abnehmendem c(H+) geht die Rißbildung stark zurück. Bei kathodischer Polarisation verbleiben dehnungsinduzierte Ankerbungen, die auf H-ind. Korrosion zurückgeführt werden können. Bei anodischer Polarisation erfolgt Lochfraß ohne Rißansätze. Die Merkmale für Spannungsrißkorrosion nehmen mit abnehmender Dehnrate zu.Aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen folgt, daß für aktive Spannungsrißkorrosion hohe Säurekonzentrationen vorliegen müssen. Für die Untersuchung sind zeitraffende CERT-Versuche wenig geeignet. Stichversuche in warmen NaCl-Lösungen, in denen langfristig Spannungsrißkorrosion auftreten kann, zeigten, daß ebenfalls mittels CERT-Versuchen die Anfälligkeit für Spannungsrißkorrosion nicht erkannt werden kann. Auch eine Vorschädigung durch Lochfraß ändert nicht diesen Befund.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 112-118 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polarisation measurements on low alloy steels in concentrated nitrate solutionsCurrent density potential curves were determined by potentiostatic measurements involving constant potentials and stepwise potential change for six low alloy steels in Ca(NO3)2 and NaNO3 solutions. The instationary curves vary markedly with the polarisation technique and do not characterize the anodic behaviour of the materials. For Ca(NO3)2 solutions the polarisation measurements do not show any correlation with stress corrosion cracking behaviour.Similar results were also obtained in NaNO3, solutions. Contrary to the situation in Ca(NO3)2 solutions, a potential range for resistance against intergranular corrosion types exists at about UH = 0,5 V. This range is characterized by relatively high stationary current densities. For materials without this range of resistance, the stationary current densities are significantly smaller.The electrochemical properties of the system steel/nitrate solution are extremely complicated. The free corrosion potential varies between the potential ranges for passive and transpassive corrosion. For anodic polarisation, the potential ranges of susceptibility as well as resistance against intergranular corrosion types follow each other.
    Notes: An sechs verschiedenen niedriglegierten Stählen wurden in Ca(NO3)2- und NaNO3-Lösungen die J(U)-Kurven mit Hilfe potentiostatischer Wechsel- und Halteversuche gemessen. Die instationären Kurven sind stark von der Polarisationsroutine abhängig und kennzeichnen nicht das anodische Verhalten der Werkstoffe. Die Messungen in Ca(NO3)2-Lösungen zeigen keine Korrelation mit dem Verhalten gegenüber Spannungsrißkorrosion.In den NaNO3-Lösungen sind die Verhältnisse ähnlich. Im Gegensatz zu den Ca(NO3)2-Lösungen kann aber bei mittleren Potentialwerten um UH = 0,5 V ein Beständigkeitsfeld für interkristalline Korrosionsarten vorliegen, das durch relativ hohe stationäre Stromdichten gekennzeichnet ist. Bei den Werkstoffen, die dieses Beständigkeitsfeld nicht aufweisen, sind die stationären Stromdichten deutlich geringer.Die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften des Systems Stahl/Nitrallösungen sind äußerst kompliziert, wobei das Ruhepotential im Bereich eines Durchbruchspotentials zwischen passiver und transpassiver Korrosion liegt. Bei anodischer Polarisation können Bereiche für Anfälligkeit und Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosionsarten abwechseln.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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