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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 106 (1983), S. 21-24 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Chemotherapy ; Histologic grades of regression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histologic grade of regression of 50 osteosarcomas after polychemotherapy — according to the protocol study, COSS 80 — was classified on a six-stage regression scale; 56% of all patients responded well to chemotherapy regression grades I, II, and III and no significant difference between BCD- and CPL-treated patients could be found. Tumors under 10 cm in length responded better to chemotherapy than those of greater length and there was a good correlation between the clinical estimation of tumor regression and progression and the histologic grade of regression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 106 (1983), S. 32-37 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Chemotherapy ; Imprint cytology ; Tumor-regression ; Undecalcified sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty-five osteosarcomas were investigated by special methods such as preparation of undecalcified bone tumor tissue, imprint cytology, histochemistry, and quantitative analysis. The morphological regression grades and their relation to chemotherapy are reported by Salzer-Kuntschik et al. (1983). The results presented demonstrate that smaller osteosarcomas respond more favorably than larger tumors. The function of bone-tumor cells, e.g., osteoid production, trabecular tumor bone formation, and mineralization, seems to be more important for the sensitivity to chemotherapy than the cell polymorphism. The estimation of bone-tumor morphology in at least two total areas of the bone tumor is essential in borderline cases (grade III/grade IV). Imprint cytology is very helpful for rapid estimation of the effect of therapy and the demonstration of cellular polymorphism. At the moment, we are not able to determine the effect of chemotherapy from the first biopsy before starting chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 6 (1970), S. 143-150 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Bone ; Atrophy ; Formation ; Tetracycline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La patte arrière gauche de trente rattes Sprague-Dawley a été immobilisée par une attelle plâtrée. Dix rattes témoins ont été utilisées (groupe A): les 30 rattes plâtrées ont été réparties en 4 groupes. Le groupe B n'a pas reçu de traitement. Le groupe C a reçu, par injection sous-cutanée quotidienne, 50 MRC mU de calcitonine (préparée par les auteurs) dans 5% de gélatine. Le groupe D a reçu 5% de gélatine. Le groupe E a reçu 50 MRC mU de calcitonine (Ciba), dans 5% de gélatine par jour, en sous-cutanée. Après 6 jours, les fémurs et tibias ont été pesés, radiographiés et étudiés histologiquement. Les os du groupe A sont normaux. Les os des groupes B, C, D et E présentent une ostéoporose d'immobilisation du coté gauche, avec diminution de l'os trabéculaire, sans traduction radiologique. Le traitement à la calcitonine n'a pas inhibé l'ostéoporose. La pression exercée par les attelles plâtrées a induit une apposition périostée, au niveau de quelques tibias. Après traitement à la calcitonine, une apposition augmentée a été observée au niveau des fémurs et tibias. La gélatine, seule, n'a pas eu d'effet. Bien que la calcitonine n'ait pas agi sur l'ostéoporose d'immobilisation, elle semble pourtant favoriser les processus ostéogéniques provoqués par d'autres mécanismes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 30 weibliche Sprague-Dawley-Ratten erhielten zur Immobilisation der linken hinteren Extremität einen Gipsverband. Die Tiere wurden in folgende 4 Gruppen unterteilt: B) keine Therapie. C) 50 MRC mE Calcitonin (eigene Präparation) in 5% Gelatine täglich s.c. D) Lösungsmittel in 5% Gelatine täglich s.c. E) 50 MRC mE Calcitonin (Ciba) in 5% Gelatine täglich s.c. Zusätzlich diente eine Gruppe ohne Gipsverband sowie ohne Therapie als Kontrolle (A). Nach 6 Wochen Versuchsdauer wurden die Femora und Tibiae geröntgt, gewogen und histologisch untersucht. In der Kontrollgruppe(A) bestand kein Unterschied zwischen rechter und linker Seite. In den Gruppen B, C, D und E hatte sich eine deutliche Immobilisationsosteoporose entwickelt (Rarefizierung der Spongiosa des Femurhalses), die röntgenologisch nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte. Die Therapie mit Calcitonin konnte diese Immobilisationsatrophie nicht verhindern. Der mechanische Reiz des Gibsverbandes erzeugte eine periostale Apposition in einigen Tibiae der Gruppen B und D. Nach Gabe von Calcitonin entwickelte sich diese periostale Neubildung in allen Femora und Tibiae der Gruppen C und E. Außerdem war das Ausmaß der Apposition unter Calcitonintherapie wesentlich größer. Das Lösungs-mittel allein hatte keinen Einfluß auf die beschriebenen Veränderungen. Calcitonin konnte die Entwicklung einer Immobilisationsosteoporose nicht verhindern, die Knochenneubildung nach Auslösung durch mechanische Einflüsse wurde dagegen wesentlich verstärkt.
    Notes: Abstract In thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats the left hind leg was immobilized with plaster casts. According to treatment they were divided into the following groups: A) Control, no casts. B) No treatment. C) 50 MRC mU calcitonin (own preparation) in 5% gelatin subcutaneously per day. D) Vehicle alone subcutaneously. E) 50 MRC mU calcitonin (Ciba) in 5% gelatin subcutaneously per day. In addition, untreated rats without casts served as control (group A). After 6 weeks the femora and tibiae were X-rayed, weighed and examined histologically. The bones of the left and right legs did not differ in control group A. In groups B, C, D, and E a disuse osteoporosis had developed in the left legs (rarefication of trabecular bone volume of femur neck) which could not be seen in X-rays. Calcitonin treatment did not prevent the development of the bone atrophy. However, the pressure of the plaster casts had induced a periosteal apposition in some tibiae, and under calcitonin treatment the extent of this new formation in all femora and tibiae was markedly increased. The vehicle alone was ineffective. It can be concluded that whereas calcitonin is without effect on disuse osteoporosis, it probably favours new bone formation which is induced by other mechanisms.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chemotherapieresistenz ; P-Glykoprotein ; MDR ; Osteosarkom ; Key words Multidrug resistance ; P-glycoprotein ; Osteosarcoma ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary One of the mechanisms by which multidrug resistance is mediated, is the mdr1 gene product, P-glycooprotein. Immunohistochemistry was performed for 63 osteosarcomas of 54 patients to investigate P-glycoprotein expression using the monoclonal antibody JSB-1. Most of the patients were children or adolescents who had received treatment under the framework of the Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group. In addition P-glycoprotein expression was assayed in five growth plates. Of all cases 68.5 % stained positive for P-glycoprotein. Cases that had received chemotherapy showed a higher incidence (80.9 %) of positive P-glycoprotein immunostaining than cases that had not received chemotherapy (66.6 %). No relation could be established between P-glycoprotein expression and the response to chemotherapy, since the majority of P-glycoprotein positive biopsies showed a good response in the surgical specimen after chemotherapy. Furthermore, 42.9 % of P-glycoprotein negative biopsies were classified as non-responders in the later surgical specimen. In addition to P-glycoprotein expression in osteosarcomas positive immunostaining was also detected in osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts as well as in some chondroblasts. The results indicate that P-glycoprotein expression in osteosarcomas also exists prior to chemotherapy and resembles the phenotype of normal bone tissue. However, the determination of P-glycoprotein by using immunohistochemistry in biopsies of osteosarcomas cannot predict the response to chemotherapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Expression des mdr1-Genproduktes, das P-Glykoprotein, ist einer der Mechanismen der „multidrug resistance“. In 63 Osteosarkomen von 54 Patienten wurde die P-Glykoproteinexpression immunhistologisch mit Hilfe des monoklonalen Antikörpers JSB-1 untersucht. Bei den Patienten handelte es sich überwiegend um Kinder oder Jugendliche, die im Rahmen der kooperativen Osteosarkomstudie therapiert worden waren. Zusätzlich wurde die P-Glykoproteinexpression an 5 Wachstumsfugen untersucht. Für P-Glykoprotein positiv waren 68,5 % aller Osteosarkomfälle. Dabei waren Osteosarkome nach Chemotherapie mit 80,9 % häufiger positiv als Osteosarkome, bei denen keine Chemotherapie erfolgt war (66,6 %). Die untersuchten Metastasen zeigten alle eine positive Pgp-Expression. Die Pgp-Expression an der Biopsie ließ allerdings keine Rückschlüsse auf das spätere Ansprechen auf Chemotherapie zu, da die überwiegende Mehrheit P-Glykoprotein-positiver Osteosarkombiopsien am späteren Resektat ein gutes Ansprechen (Responder) auf die Chemotherapie zeigten. Darüber hinaus waren 42,9 % der P-Glykoprotein-negativen Biopsien später der Nonrespondergruppe zuzuordnen. Neben einer Pgp-Expression an Osteosarkomen konnte auch eine positive Reaktion mit dem JSB-1-Antikörper an Osteoblasten, Osteozyten, Osteoklasten sowie an einem Teil der Chondroblasten gefunden werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß eine P-Glykoproteinexpression beim Osteosarkom auch vor der Chemotherapie nachweisbar ist und den Phänotyp regelhaften Knochengewebes widerspiegelt. Das Ansprechen auf die Chemotherapie kann jedoch mit Hilfe einer immunhistologischen Bestimmung der P-Glykoproteinexpression an der Biopsie nicht vorausgesagt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Chemotherapy ; Plain film radiography ; Angiography ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prognosis of osteosarcoma has improved significantly with recent advances in chemotherapy. Evaluation of the effect of chemotherapy is important for optimal timing of surgery, for selecting an alternative drug regimen in instances of poor response to chemotherapy and for testing combinations of new drugs. The purpose of this paper is to define the value of plain radiographs and angiography in assessing tumor response to chemotherapy. Studies were obtained before and after chemotherapy. The radiographic results were correlated with histologic evaluation of the resected specimen. Patients with less than 10% residual viable tumor in the resected bone were designated “responders” and patients with more than 10% of remaining viable tumor were “nonresponders”. Angiographic appearances correctly separated 15 patients with good response to chemotherapy from seven patients who were not responsive. Conversely, comparison of plain radiographs obtained before and after chemotherapy did not allow a reliable differentiation between patients with good, poor, or no response to chemotherapy. The current role of angiography in the management of patients with osteosarcoma is discussed. It is concluded that — in contrast to plain film radiography — angiography is an accurate method for assessing the response of osteosarcoma to chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 19 (1990), S. 165-172 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Chemotherapy ; Bone scintigraphy ; Parametric imaging ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of preoperative chemotherapy (PCT) on the uptake of 99mTc-labeled diphosphonates into tumor bone was quantitatively assessed from serial scan studies of 30 osteosarcomas and correlated with the histomorphological changes determined from the surgical specimens. The parametric images of the tumor blood pool and labeled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) plasma clearance by the tumor bone enabled a sensitive distinction to be made preoperatively between a good (〉90% tumor cell destruction) and a poor (〈90% tumor cell destruction) tumor response. Overall accuracy in presurgical prediction of tumor regression was found to be 88% and 96% for the blood pool and 99mTc-MDP clearance measurements, respectively (P≤0.0004). In addition, it proved possible to localize resisting areas of viable tumor up to 1.0 cm in diameter. Even at the half-way stage of PCT, a poor response could be reliably predicted (overall accuracy 91% and 100%, respectively; p≤0.011). Therefore, 99mTc-MDP parametric imaging is a highly sensitive and specific modality for an objective and accurate assessment of tumor regression during PCT of osteosarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Chemotherapy ; Quantitative Caryometry ; Morphometry ; Tumour regression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A current strategy for osteosarcoma treatment is neo-adjuvant chemotherapy prior to the resection of the tumour. It appears that some tumours respond very well to the cytostatic therapy, while others show little or no effect. It is desirable to be able predict the response of the tumour before starting chemotherapy. 16 biopsy specimens from patients with osteosarcoma who had been treated according to the protocol of the study COSS-80 and COSS-82 were examined. 100 tumour cells from each biopsy have been measured by an electronic interactive image analysis system (IBAS II; Kontron/ ZEISS). After completion of chemotherapy en bloc resection of the tumour was performed. The entire surgical specimen was completely examined at two levels by means of undecalcified sections, and assigned a grade for the effect of chemotherapy analogous to the grading of Salzer-Kuntschik et al. (1983). The quantitative analysis of tumour cell nuclei revealed two different patterns of nuclear sizes, which were correlated significantly with the chemotherapy response (P〈0.002). Tumour cell nuclei of well responders were significantly larger and showed a greater variance in size (mean value 66 + 41 µm2), than those of poor responders (mean value 38 + 18 µm2). We conclude from our results that quantitative analysis and classification of nuclear size of osteosarcoma cells may be useful for predicting chemotherapy response in patients with osteosarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Malignant bone tumors ; Osteosarcoma ; Chemotherapy ; Histology ; Maligne Knochentumoren ; Osteosarkom ; Chemotherapie ; Histologie ; Unentkalkte Präparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 156 (1971), S. 259-267 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Bone-density ; Castration of female rats ; Calcitonin ; Secondary hyperparathyroidism ; Osteoporose ; Knochendichte ; Kastration bei der weiblichen Ratte ; Calcitonin ; Sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 16 weibliche Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurden ovarektomiert, während der 17wöchigen Versuchsdauer erhielten 8 davon täglich 200 mE Calcitonin in 5% Gelatine (Gruppe B), die übrigen ovarektomierten Tiere (Gruppe C) sowie 8 scheinovarektomierte Kontrolltiere (Gruppe A) erhielten das Lösungsmittel in 5% Gelatine. Die Auswirkung der Kastration und der Calcitoninbehandlung auf den Knochen wurde an Hand der folgenden Parameter untersucht: Femurmasse,-dichte und -calciumgehalt sowie Spongiosavolumen des 4. Schwanzwirbelkörpers. Die ovarektomierten Ratten entwickelten eine Osteoporose, die durch verringerte Knochendichte und in bezug auf das Körpergewicht durch verringerte Knochenmasse und -calciumgehalt ausgezeichnet war. Eine Calcitonindauerbehandlung vermochte die Entwicklung dieser Osteoporose nicht zu verhindern, möglicherweise förderte Calcitonin über einen sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus den Knochenabbau.
    Notes: Summary 16 female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovarectomized. 8 of them were daily injected with 200 mU of calcitonin in 5% gelatin (group B), the other ovarectomized rats (group C) as well as 8 sham-operated control animals (group A) were only injected with the vehicle in 5% gelatin. The experiment lasted 17 weeks. Bone changes following castration and calcitonin-therapy were analyzed by determining weight, density and calcium-content of the femur and spongiosal volume of the 4th caudal vertebra. The ovarectomized rats developed an osteoporosis which was characterized by reduced bone density, and in relation to body-weight by reduced bone-weight and calcium-content. It was impossible to prevent the development of this osteoporosis by longterm treatment with calcitonin, on the other hand calcitonin may have favoured osteolysis via secondary hyperparathyroidism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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