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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Calmodulin ; Myosin light chain kinase ; Calmodulin antagonist ; Smooth muscle skinned fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During smooth muscle activation the calcium calmodulin complex interacts with myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) whereby activating it. A synthetic peptide analogue (RS20) corresponding to the calmodulin recognition sequence of MLCK has been synthesized and previously found to inhibit the calmodulin stimulated light chain kinase activity. Here we studied the effect of this peptide on skinned fibers from guinea pig taenia coli. Maximal contractions induced by 30 μM Ca2+ at 0.1 μM calmodulin could be completely relaxed by the peptide at 1 μM. The inhibitory effect was accompanied by partial dephosphorylation only of the regulatory myosin light chain. Relaxation could be reversed by addition of calmodulin which also increased the extent of light chain phosphorylation.The calmodulin concentration required for reversing the inhibition depended on the concentration of the inhibitory peptide suggesting that the peptide competed with MLCK for the calmodulin binding site. As the calcium-calmodulin-peptide mixture constitutes a calmodulin buffer, our results suggest, that the peptide is a calmodulin antagonist unique in terms of its potency and that less than nanomolar concentrations of free calmodulin may be required for inducing smooth muscle contractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 284-287 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Desquamation ; Epidermal lipids ; Ceramides ; Cholesteryl sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ceramides and steryl-sulfate components from desquamated and cohesive human stratum corneum were examined using a combination of chemical and chromatographic means. Six structurally distinct series of ceramides were identified, and the relative amounts of these species, as measured by quantitative thin-layer chromatography, did not differ in cohesive and desquamated stratum corneum. In contrast, the level of cholesteryl sulfate was significantly reduced in the desquamated material. The results are in accord with the hypothesis that cholesteryl sulfate serves in cell-to-cell cohesion within the stratum corneum, and its hydrolysis may be necessary to permit shedding of cells from the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Atemkalk ; Kohlenmonoxid ; Halothan ; Enfluran ; Isofluran ; Key words Soda lime ; Carbon monoxide ; Halothane ; Isoflurane ; Enflurane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In the presence of completely dry soda lime volatile anaesthetics will decompose to carbon monoxide (CO). In an in vitro study, the absorbent (soda lime, ICI) was dried with a constant gas flow of 1 l/min oxygen for 120 h. The weight loss during the drying was 17.1%. Two vol% of halothane, enflurane or isoflurane in oxygen was administered with a constant flow of 0.5 l/min oxygen through the completely dry absorbent. Concentrations of gases were measured before and after the absorbent using mass spectrometry (MGA 1100, Perkin-Elmer) and an electrochemical NO monitor (Mini PAC CO, Dräger). The temperature inside the soda lime was monitored continuously. Shortly after adding the anaesthetic to the oxygen passing through the absorbent, carbon monoxide appeared in the outlet of the soda lime container. The measured peak concentrations varied around 450 ppm (halothane), 3500 ppm (enflurane) and 3800 ppm (isoflurane).The temperature inside the absorbent rose from the ambient temperature (19.8 °C) to a maximum of 52.1 °C during CO production and decreased when the CO production lowered after approximately 1 h (all anaesthetics). During CO production no measurable concentration of halothane left the absorber. After passing through the absorbent the concentrations of isoflurane and enflurane were slightly lower than the corresponding concentrations in the fresh gas measured before absorption.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Volatile Anästhetika werden an trockenem Atemkalk teilweise zu Kohlenmonoxid umgesetzt. Im Laborexperiment wurde frischer, ungebrauchter Atemkalk mit einem konstanten Flow von 1 l/min Sauerstoff über 120 h getrocknet. Der Gewichtsverlust durch Trocknung betrug 17,1%. Halothan, Enfluran und Isofluran wurden in Konzentrationen von jeweils 2 Vol.-% in 0,5 l/min Sauerstoff durch den trockenen Atemkalk geleitet. Unmittelbar nach Einleiten der Anästhetika wurde im Atemkalk Kohlenmonoxid gebildet. Die geringsten Konzentrationen wurden unter Halothan (400 ppm) bestimmt. Bedeutend mehr CO fiel bei der Reaktion zwischen Atemkalk und Enfluran (3500 ppm) bzw. Isofluran (3800 ppm) an. Im Atemkalk kam es während der CO-Produktion zu einem Anstieg der Temperatur bis auf 52,1 °C. Während dieser Phase wurde Halothan, nicht aber Enfluran oder Isofluran, vollständig vom Atemkalk absorbiert. Inspiratorische CO-Konzentrationen von 4000 ppm können bereits nach kurzer Expositionsdauer zu einer klinisch relevanten COHb-Bildung führen. Um der Gefahr einer Carboxyhämoglobinbildung entgegenzuwirken, muß die akzidentelle Austrocknung des Atemkalks deshalb unbedingt vermieden werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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