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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Qualitative Scenario Approach to Managing Evolving Requirements (1999)
    Springer
    Requirements engineering 4 (1999), S. 92-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-010X
    Keywords: Key words:Fixed-point theorem – Grounded theory – Grounded systems engineering methodology – GSEM – Information systems requirements – Qualitative methodology – Qualitative scenarios – Requirements engineering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper, we argue that information systems requirements are inherently dynamic, and that a methodology that caters for such dynamicity must enable the evaluation of requirements, as they evolve, against dynamic contexts. Moreover, information systems contexts are soft, ambiguous, and are thus mainly characterised by qualitative data. We present an analytical technique, based on the grounded theory method for developing qualitative scenarios against which statements of requirements can be evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007660050016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and biochemical characterization of the contraction elicited by a calcium-independent myosin light chain kinase in chemically skinned smooth muscle (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1002-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; calcium ; myosin light chain kinase ; regulation of contraction ; ATPase ; mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The contraction induced by a Ca2+-independent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK-) was characterized in terms of isometric force (Fo), immediate elastic recoil (SE), unloaded shortening velocity (Vus), shortening under a constant load and ATPase activity of chemically skinned smooth muscle preparations. These parameters were compared to those measured in a Ca2+-induced contraction to assess the nature of cross bridge interaction in the MLCK-induced contraction. Fo developed in chicken gizzard fibers as well as SE were similar in contractions elicited by either agent. Vus in the contraction induced by MLCK-(0.36 mg/ml) was similar though averaged 39.3±8.9% less than Vus induced by Ca2+ (1.6x10−6M) in the control fibers. Addition of Ca2+ (1.6x10−6M) to a contraction induced by MLCK-resulted in small increases in both Fo and Vus. Shortening under a constant load was similar for both types of contractions. The contraction induced by MLCK-was accompanied by an increased rate of ATP hydrolysis. The MLCK-induced contraction is thus kinetically similar though not identical to a contraction induced by Ca2+. We conclude that with respect to actin-myosin interaction, MLCK- and Ca2+-induced contractions are similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sublethal impairment of respiratory control in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) larvae induced by UV-B radiation, determined using a novel biocybernetical approach (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 132 (1998), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The increasing amount of UV-B radiation (280 to 320 nm) reaching the earth's surface could endanger transparent fish and zooplankton in upper water layers. Previous studies on marine fish eggs and larvae focused mainly on the effects of high, lethal doses of ultraviolet irradiation. Now a sensitive test for accumulated, sublethal impairments of physiological performance has been established. In developing fish larvae (Pleuronectes platessa L.), the respiratory control responses to hypoxia were evaluated by combining a biocybernetical approach and a novel optical test system. Before testing respiratory control behavior, the larvae were irradiated with light containing UV-B (test individuals) or free from it (control individuals). Differences in the physiological reactions of these larvae were detected by biocybernetical analysis (linear systems analysis) of respiratory control. The analysis was based on the evaluation of changes in ventilatory rate caused by sinusoidally modulated partial pressures of ambient oxygen. The ventilatory movements of the larvae were recorded, analyzed and evaluated by video microscopy and digital image processing. After several days of irradiation with moderate UV-B doses or intensities (8.6 kJ m−2 d−1, corresponding to an irradiance of 0.24 W m−2 for 10 h), sublethal impairments of respiratory control could be detected in plaice larvae by this method; both the linearity of respiratory control itself and the parameters of linear control behavior were affected by UV-B. Concerning environmental implications, the results must still be interpreted cautiously, because natural irradiation conditions are more complex than the artificial regimen. Our biocybernetical approach will be useful for further studies on sublethal impairments of physiological functions caused by UV-B in fish and other transparent marine or limnic animal groups. In addition, the method could be used to test the sublethal impact of chemical contaminants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050366
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Targeted differential display of abundantly expressed sequences from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium which contain regions coding for fungal cellulose-binding domains (1998)
    Springer
    Current genetics 33 (1998), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsPhanerochaete chrysosporium ; Differential display ; Cellulose-binding domain ; Differential gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) are present in the majority of fungal cellulases studied to-date. This work describes the use of targeted differential display, employing degenerate primers designed to anneal to variants of a region conserved in fungal CBDs, each in combination with an oligo-dT primer, to PCR-amplify cDNA sequences containing regions coding for such domains from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. After growth on either Avicel or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), five distinct, abundantly expressed cDNA sequences were obtained. Two of these originated from transcripts of the previously characterised cbhI.1 and cbhI.2 genes, whereas three were from novel genes. One of the latter was isolated only after growth on CMC. No such sequences were obtained after growth on xylan, suggesting that the expression of sequences containing such regions is down-regulated on this substrate. The use of targeted differential display both for isolating novel sequences and for studying the expression of known genes within a family is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050310
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A translocation signal for delivery of oomycete effector proteins into host plant cells (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens establish disease by translocation of effector proteins into host cells, where they may directly manipulate host innate immunity. In bacteria, translocation is through the type III secretion system, but analogous processes for effector ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes and Comments (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 3 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1972.tb01674.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smooth Muscle Energetics (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 51 (1989), S. 331-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.51.030189.001555
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lignocellulose degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: gene families and gene expression for a complex process (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Phanerochaete chrysosporium completely degrades lignocellulose. The most recalcitrant component, lignin, is oxidized by the radical products of lignin and manganese peroxidases, whereas cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolysed. Both peroxidases and cellulases exist as complex families at both the DNA and protein levels. The lignin peroxidases may function principally when mycelium-bound and, therefore, undetectable in culture supernatants. Moreover, methods for the study of P. chrysosporium must be applicable to solid substrate as well as liquid-culture conditions. For these reasons, detailed studies of gene expression, made possible by the reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction method, are essential. Such studies reveal that gene families are subject to differential expression. The cellulase system has some differences from that of Trichoderma reesei; the distinction made between the activities of exocellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases needs to be re-appraised in both species. Current studies also seek to reconstruct the systems of degradation of lignocellulose and its individual components by heterologous expression of individual proteins in recombinant systems, and their use in mechanistic studies singly and in combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.474966.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phototaxis in water fleas (Daphnia magna) is differently influenced by visible and UV light (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 183 (1998), S. 709-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Phototaxis ; Spectral sensitivity ; UV ; Vertical migration ; Zooplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of vertical illumination with monochromatic lights on phototaxis of Daphnia magna in a test chamber were determined at five levels of equal quantal flux density (between 188 and 6.42 · 10−5 nEinstein). Visible adaptation light (500 nm) and subsequent spectral test light had the same quantal flux density. The animals reacted to ultraviolet light (260–380 nm) with negative phototaxis, whereas visible light (420–600 nm) caused positive phototaxis. Action spectra were determined, based on the evaluation of different parameters of phototactic behavior. The maximum spectral sensitivity in the ultraviolet was found at 340 nm. The maximum spectral efficiency in the visible varied in dependence on light intensity. Ecological consequences of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050293
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation Framework for Simulation Software (1999)
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 15 (1999), S. 366-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Key words.Evaluation criteria; Simulation; Simulation software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An increase in the use of simulation as a modelling and analysis tool has resulted in a growing number of simulation software products on the market. Because of this, the importance of an adequate approach to simulation software evaluation and selection is apparent. This paper presents a comprehensive framework which can be used for evaluation of simulation software packages. The evaluation criteria are grouped according to their nature, and they can be of practical use to anyone involved in simulation software evaluation and selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700050079
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