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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and characterisation of the human 5-HT"5"A serotonin receptor
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 355 (1994), S. 242-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; G protein coupled receptor ; Serotonin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(94)01209-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of cerebellar Purkinje cell complex discharge activity by microiontophoretic serotonin (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 61 (1986), S. 614-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Purkinje cell ; Complex discharge ; Cerebellum ; Microiontophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The major finding of the present study is that iontophoretically applied serotonin increased markedly (average 94.0%) the number of complex discharges within the majority (74%) of cerebellar Purkinje cells tested. Twenty-five percent of the cells showed an average 23% decrease in complex discharges, whereas 1% of the cells failed to respond. The effects of serotonin on complex activity were not related to any single effect of this amine on simple spike activity. It was apparent that the actions of serotonin on complex discharge activity were correlated with the initial simple-spike firing rate of the Purkinje cell and the predrug number of complex discharges. The other component of the complex discharge pattern analyzed in this study was the mean post-complex-discharge interval (MPCI). Purkinje cells evincing lower MPCI values were those in which serotonin increased the MPCI value preferentially, whereas cells in which serotonin depressed MPCI values exhibited higher predrug MPCI values. The serotonin antagonists methysergide and metergoline antagonized serotonin-induced enhancements in the numbers of complex discharges, whereas ketanserin failed to alter the response, suggesting a degree of receptor specificity. Comparisons between the present study and our previous work identifying a ratedependent component to the actions of serotonin on simple spike activity are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237588
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of serotonin on cerebellar Purkinje cells are dependent on the baseline firing rate (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 56 (1984), S. 50-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Cerebellum ; Purkinje cell ; Microiontophoresis ; Rate dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin applied iontophoretically to cerebellar Purkinje cells elicited one of three effects: inhibition (62% of the cells), biphasic response (27%), and excitation (11%). This study describes a correlation between the spontaneous discharge rate of Purkinje cells and the action of serotonin. Purkinje neurons that responded to serotonin with an increase in firing rate had a significantly slower predrug firing frequency (40 Hz) than those cells that were suppressed by serotonin (51 Hz). Furthermore, it was shown that with increasing firing rates the proportion of excitations decreased, and the proportion of depressions increased. A quantitative comparison revealed a statistically significant correlation between the spontaneous discharge rate of cells displaying excitation and the magnitude of the excitatory response. On several occasions, the direction of the Purkinje cell response to serotonin reversed following a decrease or increase in the baseline spontaneous rate. Glutamate- or asparate-induced excitations elicited an augmentation of serotonin-mediated inhibition and in some cases a reversal of excitation to inhibition. Likewise, the lowering of neuronal activity by the continuous application of glycine augmented excitation and reduced and reversed serotonin inhibitions. Preliminary results from experiments in which various receptor antagonists were tested against serotonin actions suggest that the effects of serotonin occur, at least in part, at postsynaptic sites on Purkinje cells. These results strongly suggest that the overall qualitative effects of serotonin is to set Purkinje cells at a preferred firing rate. In this sense, the term biaser or modulator may best describe the role of serotonin in the cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237441
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relapse following clozapine withdrawal: effect of neuroleptic drugs and cyproheptadine (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 124 (1996), S. 176-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clozapine ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin ; Dopamine ; Psychosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to report the effect of the slow withdrawal of clozapine from 19 patients withneuroleptic-responsive schizophrenia at the end of a 2-year clinical trial of clozapine and to compare this with the results of naturalistic discontinuation of clozapine treatment in 64neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients. Nineteen neuroleptic-responsive schizophrenic patients who received clozapine were withdrawn from clozapine by tapering it over 3-week period with and without the addition of a typical neuroleptic. Fifteen of the 19 neuroleptic-responsive patients experienced the return of psychotic symptoms during or after the clozapine taper, which were most severe in the ten patients in whom the withdrawal of clozapine was carried out without prior addition of neuroleptic treatment. Addition of a neuroleptic prior to clozapine withdrawal prevented the emergence of positive symptoms during clozapine withdrawal in each of eight patients. Nevertheless, psychotic symptoms emerged, usually within a week after discontinuing clozapine, in six of the eight patients. Neuroleptic treatment, with or without an anticholingergic drug, was much less effective in treating positive symptoms in these patients immediately after the clozapine withdrawal than it had been 2 years previously. Cyproheptadine, a non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist, augmented the antipsychotic effect of neuroleptics in each of four patients who relapsed following withdrawal from clozapine and relieved extrapyramidal symptoms in a fifth patient. The frequency of relapse following withdrawal of clozapine in 64 neuroleptic-resistant patients was significantly lower (25/64, 39.1%) than in the neuroleptic-responsive patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245619
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infusion of the serotonin1B (5-HT1B) agonist CP-93,129 into the parabrachial nucleus potently and selectively reduces food intake in rats (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 136 (1998), S. 304-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words CP-93 ; 129 ; Serotonin ; 5-HT1B receptor ; Parabrachial nucleus ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Feeding ; Satiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Unilateral infusion of the selective 5-HT1B agonist, CP-93,129 (3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl) pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrid-5-one) into the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of the pons reduced food consumption by rats. The hypophagia was dose-related (ED50 ≈ 1 nmol) and associated with fewer observations of feeding and more periods of inactivity. Water intake, grooming and exploratory activity were unaffected. CP-93,129 also decreased food intake when injected into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, but this action was 50-fold less potent than administration into the PBN. Autoradiography demonstrated 5-HT1B sites in the PBN; this binding was displaced by CP-93,129. The results implicate parabrachial 5-HT1B receptors in mediating serotonergic enhancement of satiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050570
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of non-extractable methylphenylpolysiloxane stationary phases for capillary column gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Crosslinked phenyl polysiloxanes ; Non-extractable stationary phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of methylphenylpolysiloxane polymers and their use in the preparation of crosslinked, non-extractable stationary phases for fused-silica capillary columns are described. By preparing more viscous phenyl-containing polymers than are commercially available, stationary phase films of these polymers could be efficiently coated on fused-silica capillary columns and stabilized by a free radical crosslinking mechanism using peroxides. Four methylphenylpolysiloxane polymers containing different phenyl concentrations were prepared. These included three polymers containing 50% phenyl and one polymer containing 70% phenyl. Two of the 50% phenyl polymers had one phenyl and one methyl group attached to each silicon atom. One of these also had 1% vinyl incorporated. The third 50% phenyl polymer was synthesized in such a way that one half of the silicon atoms had two phenyl groups attached while the rest contained dimethyl groups. The 70% phenyl polymer also had 4% vinyl incorporated. Due to the intrinsic thermal stability of these phenyl phases and the enhanced film stability achieved by crosslinking, the 70% phenyl phase could be utilized up to 400 °C. Using the methods described in this paper, highly efficient and thermally stable fused silica capillary columns coated with crosslinked methylphenylpolysiloxane stationary phases can be successfully prepared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of glass, quartz, and fused silica capillary column surfaces from contact-angle measurements (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fused silica ; Contact angle ; Wettability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the systematic characterization of glass and the newly introduced fused silica and quartz capillary columns from surface wettability measurements. Common gas chromatographic stationary phases were used in capillary-rise measurements at temperatures up to 300°C. By construction of Zisman plots and using the Cassie equation, the relative surface concentrations of wettable and non-wettable groups were determined. By application of the Fowkes equation, the dispersion force component of the surface energy was investigated. The influence of various surface treatments such as leaching, silylation, and polymeric film formation are discussed. Wettability measurements were also used to evaluate the thermostability of various treated surfaces and to compare the surface properties of glass, quartz, and fused silica. The wettability of the surfaces with selected stationary phases as a function of temperature is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262872
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static coating of capillary columns using mixed solvents (1983)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 451-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Static coating ; Mixed solvents ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Mixed solvents in coating solutions were employed to facilitate (lower temperatures and shorter times) the static coating of capillary columns. Different volume ratios of mixed solvents used in the coating solutions do not affect the quality of capillary columns coated with stationary phases of different polarity. Small diameter (〈100 μm i.d.) capillaries of up to 50 m long were successfully coated with a methylphenylpolysiloxane (50% phenyl) for use in supercritical-fluid chromatography. In addition, an 80 m×0.31 mm i.d. capillary was statically coated with Superox 20 M (0.25 μm film thickness) in a 1∶1n-pentane/methylene chloride mixture at 55 °C. The coating time was only 7 hrs, and the resultant column exhibited a total of 170,000 theoretical plates (k′=5.5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262929
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deactivation of small-diameter fused-silica capillary columns for gas and supercritical fluid chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 362-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Deactivation of columns ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In order to prevent plugging during deactivation of small diameter (50 μm i.d.) capillary columns for gas and supercritical fluid chromatography, various high temperature deactivation methods were employed. Pure hexamethyldisilazane and hexamethyldisiloxane (a substitute for D4) were dynamically coated on the column, while a film (0.05 μm) of OV-101 was statically coated, before high temperature (450°C) treatment. Excellent deactivated columns were obtained, and no significant difference in column activity was observed using any of these three methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262481
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of surface hydroxyl concentration on glass and fused silica capillary columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 584-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Surface hydroxyl quantification ; Siliceous capillary columns ; Capillary gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The concentration of surface hydroxyl groups on three types of capillary columns was determined by exchanging the hydroxyl protons with tritium. The tritium was quantified by combustion to tritiated water followed by scintillation counting. The number of hydroxyl groups on a leached and presumably hydroxylated Pyrex glass capillary column was found to be about 2.8 groups per square nanometer. This value was slightly less than the 4.6 groups per square nanometer that is generally accepted for a fully hydroxylated porous silica. Dehydroxylation of the same glass by heating at 600°C left only 0.4 groups per square nanometer while an untreated fused silica had only 0.2 groups per square nanometer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280379
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