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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 889-896 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bezafibrat ; Niereninsuffizienz ; Pharmakokinetik ; Dosierungsschema ; Renale Clearance ; Extrarenale Clearance ; Bezafibrate ; Pharmacokinetics ; Dosage scheme ; Renal failure ; Renal clearance ; Extrarenal clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The pharmacokinetics of bezafibrate were investigated in the serum and urine of 22 patients with impaired renal function of different degrees after a single oral dose. The results of the first study were checked by a second study in another 12 patients with advanced renal insufficiency using multiple dosing. Both studies revealed an almost identical hyperbolic relationship between the mean serum concentration over 24 h and the endogenous creatinine clearance. Since the vertex of this hyperbola is positioned at a creatinine clearance of 50 ml/min, only greater impairment of the renal function requires dose reduction, the respective nomograms and schedules for which are given. Even in advanced renal failure (creatinine clearance 10–25 ml/min) the total serum clearance of bezafibrate was considerably higher (27 ml/min) than that reported in the literature for clofibric acid. It is of interest to note that not only the renal but also the “extrarenal” clearance, which in normals accounts for approximately half of the total clearance of bezafibrate, was considerably depressed in advanced renal failure. This might indicate that part of the extrarenal mechanism of bezafibrate elimination, e.g. the glucuronidation, might occur in the kidneys. Knowledge of the kinetic behaviour of bezafibrate in patients with impaired renal function also allows rational therapy in the presence of this condition.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Pharmakokinetik von Bezafibrat wurde in Serum und Urin von 22 Patienten mit unterschiedlich eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion nach einmaliger oraler Gabe untersucht. Die hierbei gewonnenen Ergebnisse wurden in einer zweiten Studie bei 12 weiteren Patienten (Kreatinin Clearance 10–25 ml/min) unter steady-state-Bedingungen überprüft. Beide Studien ergaben eine nahezu identische hyperbole Beziehung zwischen der mittleren Serumkonzentration über 24 h und der endogenen Kreatinin-Clearance. Da der Scheitel dieser Hyperbel bei einer Kreatinin-Clearance von ca. 50 ml/min, liegt, ist eine Dosis-Reduktion erst bei weitergehender Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion erforderlich. Entsprechende Nomogramme und Dosisempfehlungen werden angegeben. Selbst bei fortgeschrittener Niereninsuffizienz (Kreatin-Clearance 10–25 ml/min) ist die totale Clearance des Bezafibrats noch mehrfach höher (27 ml/min) als die in der Literatur unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen für Clofibrinsäure bestimmte. Interessanterweise ist nicht nur die renale, sondern auch die extrarenale Clearance von Bezafibrat, die normalerweise ca. die Hälfte der totalen Clearance ausmacht, bei fortgeschrittener Niereninsuffizienz deutlich vermindert. Dies weist darauf hin, daß ein Teil der „extrarenalen“ Eliminationsmechanismen des Bezafibrat, z.B. der Umsatz zu Glucuronsäurekonjugaten auch in der Niere ablaufen dürfte. Insgesamt erlaubt nun die Kenntnis der Pharmakokinetik des Bezafibrat bei Niereninsuffizienz eine rationale Therapieführung bei derartigen Patienten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Dyslipidaemia ; Hypertension ; Captopril ; Carvedilol ; lipids ; diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied 250 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 95 – 114 mmHg) and dyslipidaemia (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) below 1.03 mmol·l−1, total cholesterol 5.17–9.05 mmol·l−1, and triglycerides 2.26–5.64 mmol·l−1) in a controlled double-blind, multicentre, parallel group trial. The patients took a fat-modified diet. After a 4-week placebo period, patients who continued to fulfil the selection criteria were randomly allocated to treatment with either carvedilol (a vasodilating β-blocker) 25–50 mg o.d. (n=116) or captopril (an ACE inhibitor) 25–50 mg o.d. (n=117) for 6 months. In both groups there were favourable effects on the serum lipids. The relative changes (medians) in the carvedilol and captopril group were respectively: increase in HDL-C by 11% and 8%, decrease in total cholesterol by 11% and 10%, in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 16% and 12%, and in triglycerides by 13% and 14%. Equivalence of the two treatments was confirmed for the target variable change in HDL-C at a significance level of 5%. Reductions in supine systolic/diastolic blood pressures were comparable in the two groups (carvedilol: 23/19 mmHg, captopril: 20/18 mmHg). The improvement in lipid metabolism in patients treated with carvedilol is probably due to its α1-blocking properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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