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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 59 (1987), S. 421-437 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Passive smoking ; Lung cancer ; Causal connection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epidemiological literature on passive smoking and lung cancer is reviewed and the well-known criteria for establishing a causal relationship are applied in order to determine what level of causal evidence currently exists. Three cohort studies and 12 case control studies are analysed. Of the prospective cohort studies, one contributes very little to our knowledge, one shows no risk increase and one results in a moderate risk increase of 1.74 for women married to heavy smokers. The last is the only study which has to be taken seriously, even when other considerations show that its results might be caused by chance, bias or confounding. None of the six case control studies yielding a positive relationship was conducted according to the state of art of epidemiological research, giving reasonable and sound evidence which cannot be explained by chance, bias, confounding or misclassification. Two studies contribute nothing to the evidence. None of the four case control studies yielding no risk change or a risk decrease can exclude the possibility that a causal relation exists. The epidemiological and toxicological evidence is discussed in the light of recent findings. The volume of accumulated data is conflicting and inconclusive. The observations on nonsmokers that have been made so far are compatible with either an increased risk from passive smoking or an absence of risk. Applying the criteria proposed by IARC there is a state of inadequate evidence. The available studies, while showing some evidence of association, do not exclude chance, bias or confounding. They provide, however, a serious hypothesis. Further studies are needed, if one wants to come to an adequate and scientifically sound conclusion concerning the question as to whether passive smoking causes lung cancer in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 1169-1175 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Medical screening preventive ; Laboratory screening ; Medical questionnaire ; Coronary disease ; Chronical bronchitis ; Diabetes mellitus ; Hypertension ; Peripheral circulatory troubles ; Vorsorge-Untersuchungen ; Laborscreening ; Med. Fragebogen ; Koronarerkrankungen ; Chron. Bronchitis ; Diabetes ; Hypertonie ; Periphere Durchblutungsstörungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Untersuchung war die Fahndung nach Koronarerkrankungen, chronischer Bronchitis, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertonie, peripheren Durchblutungsstörungen und Übergewicht in zwei Betrieben bei über 40jährigen arbeitsfähigen Personen. Typische Labortests, standardisierte kurze ärztliche Untersuchung und ein Fragebogen wurden eingesetzt. In einer 10%-Stichprobe wurde der Fragebogen durch ein Kontrollinterview wiederholt und die Hälfte des Serums per Post an das Labor gesandt neben dem Transport in gekühltem Behälter im Auto. Nach der Beschreibung der Durchführung der Untersuchungen und der klinisch-chemischen Verfahren wird eine Ergebnisübersicht gegeben. Insgesamt 2429 Probanden wurden untersucht, der Untersuchungsablauf in den Betrieben war gut organisiert, es entstanden keine Warteschlangen. Die Laborergebnisse werden nach Geschlecht, Alter und Ort mitgeteilt und ihre Zusammenhänge dargestellt. In knapp 70% der Männer und in etwas über 60% der Frauen wurde der Hausarzt benachrichtigt wegen mindestens einem verdächtigen Befund. Im einzelnen fand sich eine pathologische Glycoseausscheidung im Urin bei 14,7% der Untersuchten, eine Konzentrationserhöhung der Glucose (über 113 mg-%) bei 5,7% der Triglyceride (über 181 mg-%) bei 12,6%, des Cholesterins (über 264 mg-%) bei 15,4%, der Harnsäure (♂ über 7,7 mg-%, ♀ über 7,1 mg-%) bei 6,8%, des Kreatinins (über 1,3 mg-%) bei 6,4% und eine positive Sulfosalizylsäureprobe im Urin bei 2,2% der Untersuchten.
    Notes: Summary A screening study for coronary disease, chronical bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral circulatory disturbance and overweight is described. 2429 persons aged over 40 years and working in two factories were studied. Typical laboratory tests, a short standardised examination by a physician and a questionnaire were used. In a 10% sample the questionnaire was repeated by an interview and the serum was sent to the laboratory not only by mail, but also by a special car transport in a cooled transport box. The results of the laboratory tests are presend according age, sex and factory. The family doctor had to be informed in nearly 70% of the men and about 60% of the women because of at least one suspicious symptom or sign. There was a pathological value of glucose in the urine in 14.7%, a rise of glucose in the blood (above 113 mg%) in 5.7%, of triglicerides (above 181 mg%) in 12.6%, of cholesterol (above 264 mg%) in 15.4%, of uric acid (♂ above 7.7 mg%, ♀ above 7.1 mg%) in 6.8%, of creatinine (above 1.3 mg%) in 6.4% and the presence of albumin in urine in 2.2% of the cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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