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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human cystic kidney diseases: epithelial hyperplasia in the pathogenesis of cysts and tumors (1987)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 1 (1987), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Polycystic kidney disease ; Renal carcinoma ; Tuberous sclerosis ; von Hippel-Lindau disease ; Acquired renal cystic disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several examples of human renal cystic disease are associated with tubular epithelial hyperplasia. Micropapillary hyperplasia occurs in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, in localized cystic disease, and in acquired cystic disease; neoplastic or severely dysplastic epithelial hyperplasia occurs in von Hippel-Lindau disease; a histopathologically distinctive epithelial hyperplasia occurs in tuberous sclerosis. In all of these conditions the epithelial hyperplasia appears to be responsible for cyst formation by causing tubular or ductal luminal obstruction, and in all of these conditions, save localized cystic disease (a rare condition with very few reported cases), epithelial hyperplasia imposes an increased risk of malignancy. The risk seems to be highest in patients under treatment with long-term hemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease. Some of these diseases may share common features, but it appears likely that the histopathological differences reflect different features converging on a common result.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00849242
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the hypothalamic inferior lobes of the blacktip reef shark: Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976), S. 59-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The inferior lobes of the shark hypothalamus were examined with light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cells bordering the floor of the lateral recess appear to be typical liquor-contacting neurons. With scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the apical ends of these cells are seen to bulge into the ventricular lumen. In contrast, the roof is lined by a more typical ependymal cell characterized by numerous cilia and microvilli. In addition, SEM reveals several kinds of supraependymal cells with processes that appear to penetrate the ventricular lining. A periventricular nucleus underlies the ependymal cells. Neurons of the periventricular nucleus contain numerous lipofuchsin granules. The rest of the inferior lobe consists of many neuronal fibers. The morphology of the hypothalamic inferior lobe is discussed in relation to its possible role in feeding and aggressive behavior in both elasmobranchs and teleosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efferent arterioles in the cortex of the rat kidney (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 187 (1977), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although a number of morphological studies have investigated the vascular system of the rat kidney, minimal data are available on the detailed anatomy of the efferent arterioles located throughout the cortex of the kidney. In the present study, the renal vascular system was filled with Microfil and the various efferent arteriole patterns were examined extensively. The efferent vessels of the entire cortex appear to form three major patterns which in turn divided the cortex into three separate regions: the outer, middle and inner cortex. The efferent arterioles of the outer cortex leave the glomerulus and run perpendicular to the kidney capsule. However, as the efferent arterioles ascend, they may show three variations in the way they branch: (1a) the efferent arteriole does not branch until directly beneath the capsule, (1b) the efferent vessel begins to divide into its major branches 100-200 μm below the surface of the kidney and (1c) the efferent vessel has only a short course before giving off many side branches. In the middle cortical area, the branches of the efferent arteriole run lateral to the glomerulus. However, the efferent arterioles of the inner cortex have a few branches which run lateral to the glomerulus while most of them descend into the medulla as vasa rectae. The unique morphological features of the efferent arterioles of the outer cortex are of particular interest in light of the functional data which suggests that the reabsorption of fluid by peritubular capillaries may indeed regulate the rate of net tubular sodium reabsorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091870202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEM of the proximal tubule of the adult rabbit kidney (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 191 (1978), S. 397-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study utilizes the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal the surface morphology of proximal tubular cells and the parietal cells of Bowman's capsule of the adult rabbit nephron. To facilitate the examination of the basal surface of these cells, proximal tubules were dissected free and treated with collagenase to remove the basememt membrane. Other blocks of tissue were cryofractured to expose the lateral cell surfaces of the proximal tubules. Our investigation has shown that the lateral and basal surfaces of both the convoluted and straight segments of the proximal tubule have numerous processes. However, the arrangement and degree of branching is distinctly different in the two segments. The convoluted segment has large lateral ridges which form at the base of the microvilli and fan out to divide into lateral-basal processes. Many of the lateral-basal processes reach the basement membrane intact, interdigitating with complementary processes from adjacent cells. However, some of the lateral-basal processes branch into short, knobby projections (basal villi) which may also reach the basement membrane. Patches of basal villi are interspersed between broad regions of interdigitating lateralbasal processes. Therefore, in the convoluted segment, the lateral-basal processes form the major part of the basal cell surface. In tubular cells of the pars recta, unlike convoluted tubular cells, the majority of the ridges remain unbranched and pass directly to the basal surface where they divide into elaborate basal villi. Thus the basal surface of the pars recta cells is highly complex, appearing leaf-like, being a composite of numerous basal villi with a few lateral ridges.The basal surface of some parietal cells of Bowman's capsule have parallel ridges, which results in patches of striations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091910402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenetic clonal growth of kidney epithelial cell line MDCK (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 217 (1987), S. 229-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells were cultured either (1) dispersed within hydrated collagen gel (HCG) or (2) seeded atop a collagen substrate and then immediately overlaid with HCG. Individual cells exhibited clonal growth in three dimensions to form spherical cysts made up of a simple epithelium enclosing a fluid-filled lumen. The cells of MDCK cysts were polarized with the basolateral surface in contact with the collagen gel and the apical surface bordering the lumen. The ultrastructure of MDCK cysts showed similarities to distal nephron. The cells bore apical microvilli and solitary cilia and had occluding junctions and a simple basolateral surface. MDCK cysts increased in size (〉 800 μm diameter) with continued culture. MDCK cysts grown between layers of HCG were stripped free of the overlying collagen to give direct access to basolateral surface membrane. Unlike monolayer culture, morphogenetic clonal growth of cell line MDCK produces a polarized cell population with a true lumenal and basolateral surface. Collagen-gel-cultured MDCK cysts provide an easily manipulable in vitro cell system that may offer unique advantages for the study of renal cell structure and function.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092170303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ringer-locke or blood infusions on the lateral intercellular spaces of the rat proximal tubuleResearch Support by NSF Grant GB 35637X. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 201-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Diuresis and natriuresis follow volume expansion by intravenous infusion of either blood or saline. However, the mechanisms underlying the renal responses seem different for the two types of expansion. It has been suggested that the response to saline expansion is due to changes in physical factors with alterations in the morphology of the lateral intercellular space (LIS). The present study examines the width of the LIS of the proximal tubule after a Ringer-Locke (1%, 2.3%, or 7% body weight) or whole blood (2.3% body weight) infusion and in nonexpanded control. After Ringer-Locke infusion, a significant widening of the LIS of the proximal tubule is seen at all levels of expansion. There is a linera relationship between the level of the Ringer-Locke infusion and the degree of expansion of the LIS. In contrast, after blood volume expansion, the width of the LIS is the same as nonexpanded controls. These studies are consistent with the view that the renal response to saline expansion is mediated at least in part by physical factors affecting the proximal tubule.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of cell surfaces following removal of extracellular material (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 433-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The application of scanning electron microscopy to the study of cell surfaces is limited in intact tissues, because extracellular material may often obscure the details of nonluminal surfaces. To remove connective tissue elements we have treated human skin and both kidney, and an autonomic ganglion of the rat with hydrochloric acid and collagenase. Regional variations in the basal surface of the nephron are noted following removal of the basement membrane. The basilar interdigitations of the cells of the proximal tubule appeared as parallel ridges encircling the tubule. Ridges on the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule were randomly arranged and alternated with smooth surfaces. The dermal surface of the human epidermis has an alveolar or honeycomb appearance due to the elevation of the epidermal ridges and numerous pits for the dermal pegs. At higher magnifications the basal surface of cells of the stratum germinativum possessed numerous and irregular projections. Neurons with their processes are evident in the autonomic ganglion. The soma of the neurons are enclosed by flattened satellite cells. Irregular spaces between opposed satellite cells are interpreted as regions for the passage of processes related to the ganglion cells. Nodes of Ranvier were clearly seen along nerve fibers. Some pitting of the nerve fibers was also noted. The HCl-collagenase method has the advantage of the removal of collagen and basement membrane while preserving the structural integrity of the cell surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850405
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the intrarenal vascular system of the puppy kidney (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 194 (1979), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study investigates the development of the vascular system of the puppy kidney (1-21 days after birth) after preparing casts of the renal vessels. At two days, the intrarenal vascular system distal to the afferent arteriole is strikingly different than that of the adult. The glomeruli of the outer cortex consist of a single dilated vessel while those of the mid and inner cortex possess an increasingly larger number of capillary loops. The efferent arterioles vary greatly in appearance from outer to inner cortex. Those in the nephrogenic zone are characteristically short and narrow and join a larger venous vessel termined a sinusoidal capillary. An efferent system somewhat similar to that of the adult is seen in the mid and inner cortex. One of the most obvious differences noted between the puppy and adult kidney is the relative lack of peritubular capillary networks throughout the cortex of the puppy kidney. The puppy possesses large, irregular vessels termed sinusoidal capillaries. The most rudimentary sinusoids are found in the outer cortex with more mature vessels in the inner cortex. The vascular arrangement of the efferent arteriole and sinusoidal capillary appears as a post-glomerular shunt. Functionally, the shunt would direct blood flow away from the proximal tubule and thus could result in a low extraction ratio and Tm for secreted solutes.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091940202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new morphological procedure for viewing microvessels: A scanning electron microscopic study of the vasculature of small intestine (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 203 (1982), S. 493-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study details a new method for the exposure and viewing of individual microvessels located within the small intestine of rats. This procedure will selectively and consistently remove the outer muscle layers and underlying submucosa of the intestinal wall and thereby expose a variety of arterioles in their normal location within the tissue, with their normal relationship to each other undisturbed. The small intestine of the rat was initially fixed by vascular perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate/HCL buffer, reinfused with heparinized whole blood, removed from the animal, and secured to a dissecting petri dish for further fixation. Subsequently, the external muscularis was dissected from the sample which exposed the submucosa. In order to remove the connective tissue elements from this layer and uncover the submucosal vasculature, the samples were first transferred to a solution of 30% potassium hydroxide for 2-5 minutes and then to a final digesting solution containing collagenase. Thereafter, the samples were routinely processed for light microscopy and for scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Examination of the samples revealed excellent preservation of the three-dimensional organization of the arteriolar wall with minimal membrane damage. This new technique now makes it possible to visualize the shape and position of individual smooth muscle cells along arterioles of differing size and branching order.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092030409
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological evaluation of vascular smooth muscle cell: Length and width from a single scanning electron micrograph of microvessels (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 216 (1986), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Accurate three-dimensional data on the structure of vascular smooth muscle cells is essential for understanding the microvascular system in both normal or disease conditions. The laborious serial reconstruction methods have limited the amount of data collected on the structure of individual vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. The circumferential viewing of whole vessel segments via scanning electron microscopy provides an alternative approach, but even this technique is highly specialized and tedious. This study presents a simplified method to determine the average cell length and width of individual VSM cells by using only one view of a microvessel (single view). The vessels do not have to be isolated for circumferential viewing and can be left in their host tissue if desired. Values for the average VSM cell length and width were obtained by both circumferential- and single-view approach on the same vessels. The average cell length and width obtained from the single-view method (using one-third circumference) duplicated the mean length and width measurements obtained by circumferential viewing.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092160116
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