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  • Oberer Aerodigestivtrakt  (3)
  • Cell cycle  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 47 (1999), S. 1025-1037 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Beruf ; Krebs ; Oberer Aerodigestivtrakt ; Key words Occupation ; Cancer ; Upper aerodigestive tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Head- and neck-cancer is a multifactorial disease. Besides major risk factors like alcohol and tobacco consumption, occupational factors play a significant role. At present it is estimated that in western industrial nations about 4 to 10% of all head- and neck-cancer cases are caused by occupational exposures. Combined exposures to occupational and non-occupational risk factors as well as the interaction of different occupational agents may have a synergistic effect on the cancer risk. It is very likely that the cancer risk due to occupational factors is modulated by host factors like DNA repair capacity and enzymatically controlled activation and inactivation of carcinogens.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Karzinogenese im Kopf-Hals-Bereich handelt es sich um ein multifaktorielles Geschehen. Neben Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum, spielt eine berufliche Schadstoffexposition eine wesentliche Rolle. In westlichen Industrienationen wird die Quote der beruflich verursachten Kopf-Hals-Krebse auf 4–10% geschätzt. Eine kombinierte Exposition gegenüber außerberuflichen und beruflichen Risikofaktoren sowie das Zusammenwirken verschiedener beruflicher Schadstoffexpositionen wirken z.T. synergistisch und können eine überaddditive Risikoerhöhung verursachen. Das beruflich bedingte Krebsrisiko wird wahrscheinlich durch genetisch bedingte Wirtsfaktoren, wie Unterschiede in der DNA-Reparaturkapazität und der enzymatisch kontrollierten Aktivierung und Inaktivierung von Karzinogenen moduliert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Plattenepithelkarzinome ; Oberer Aerodigestivtrakt ; Baugewerbe ; Risikofaktoren ; Früherkennung ; Key words Head and neck cancer ; Risk factors ; Construction industry ; Early tumor detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Workers in the construction industry carry an increased risk for head and neck cancer due to the high consumption of alcohol and tobacco plus exposure to occupational carcinogenic or co-carcinogenic agents. These latter substances include asbestos, tar products, metal dust, wood dust, cement dust and paints. Results: The Heidelberg case-control studies showed a statiscally increased risk of pharyngeal cancer (RR=2.5 adjusted for tobacco and alcohol) and laryngeal cancer (RR=2.3 adjusted for tobacco and alcohol) in the construction workers (23.3%) when compared to controls (8.2%). A random sample analysis of patients with head and neck cancer referred by the largest health assurrance company in Heidelberg (AOK), revealed that 21.2% were employed in the construction industry. Similar results have been obtained in a number of international epidemiological studies. Conclusions: Our findings show that male construction workers who regularly consume alcohol and tobacco represent an extreme risk group for head and neck cancer. Measures for early detection are important and must be implemented carefully.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Beschäftigte in der Bauindustrie weisen ein erhöhtes Risiko für Plattenepithelkarzinome im Bereich des oberen Aerodigestivtraktes auf. Dies ist einerseits auf den hohen Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum in dieser Berufsgruppe zurückzuführen. Anderseits scheint die berufliche Exposition gegenüber einer Reihe von Schadstoffen wie z.B. Asbestfeinstaub, Steinkohleteerinhaltsstoffen, Metall-, Holz- und Zementstaub und Farben das Krebsrisiko wesentlich zu beeinflussen. Ergebnisse: In den Heidelberger Fall-Kontroll-Studien wurde auch nach statistischer Bereinigung möglicher Alkohol- und Tabakeffekte ein statistisch signifikant erhöhtes Risiko für Rachenkarzinome (RR=2,5), sowie für Kehlkopfkarzinome (RR=2,3) bei Bauarbeitern ermittelt. Während 23,3% der Tumorpatienten als Bauarbeiter beschäftigt waren, war dies lediglich bei 8,2% der Kontrollpersonen der Fall. Eine Stichprobenanalyse des Patientengutes der AOK-Heidelberg ergab das 21,2% der an einem bösartigen Tumor im Bereich des oberen Aerodigestivtraktes erkrankten Männer im Baugewerbe beschäftigt waren. Diese Beobachtungen werden durch eine Reihe von internationalen Studien bestätigt. Diskussion: Nach unserer Einschätzung sind Männer im Alter von 45–65 Jahren mit regelmäßigem Alkohol-und/oder Tabakkonsum, die über einen langen Zeitraum im Baugewerbe tätig waren oder sind als Höchstrisikogruppe zu betrachten. Der Einsatz von Früherkennungsmaßnahmen erscheint sinnvoll und aus gesundheitsökonomischer Sicht vertretbar und sollte dringend in Erwägung gezogen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Farben und Lacke ; Plattenepithelkarzinome ; Oberer Aerodigestivtrakt ; Fall-Kontroll-Studie ; Key words Cancer risk due to paint ; lacquer and varnish ; Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract ; Case-control study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary So far, only few studies exist that have investigated the influence of occupational exposure to paint and lacquer on the risk of cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract. Based on data from the Heidelberg case control study which enrolled 369 patients with carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and 1476 randomized control subjects, the relative risk of head and neck cancer in patients exposed to paint, lacquer and varnish was analyzed. The relative risk (RR) of squamous cell cancer (after adjustment for possible alcohol and tobacco effects) was significantly increased for the larynx (RR=2.3) and the oral cavity (RR=3.6). However, this risk was not uncreased for the pharynx. Our findings and a critical analysis of the literature provide evidence that chronic exposure to paint, varnish and lacquer is a definite risk factor for cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. Further studies are required to confirm these findings, and to identify more precisely toxic substances encountered in the workplace.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Über die Bedeutung beruflicher Exposition gegenüber Farben und Lacken und der Entstehung von Plattenepithelkarzinomen des oberen Aerodigestivtraktes existieren bislang nur wenige Studien. Im Rahmen der Heidelberger Fallkontrollstudien wurden daher 369 männliche Tumorpatienten und 1476 Kontrollpatienten hinsichtlich ihrer Exposition gegenüber Farben und Lacken analysiert. Es zeigte sich sowohl für die Gruppe der Mundhöhlenkrebspatienten (RR=3,6), als auch für die Gruppe der Kehlkopfkrebspatienten (RR=2,3) nach Bereinigung möglicher Alkohol- und Tabakeffekte ein signifikant erhöhtes Erkrankungsrisiko, nicht jedoch für die Gruppe der Rachenkrebspatienten. Unter Berücksichtigung der inter- nationalen Literatur, die vor allem ein erhöhtes Rachenkrebsrisiko reflektiert und der eigenen Daten zeigt sich, daß Personen, die beruflich gegenüber Farben und Lacken exponiert sind, ein erhöhtes Krebsrisiko für den oberen Aerodigestivtrakt aufweisen. In Anbetracht der Tatsache, daß es sich bei Farben und Lacken bezüglich ihrer Zusammensetzung um sehr heterogene Arbeitsstoffe handelt, sind weitere toxikologische Studien dringend erforderlich, um die ursächlichen Noxen besser ordnen zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cell kinetics ; Cell cycle ; Brain tumor ; Cell proliferation ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alcohol- and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of 71 brain tumors (35 gliomas, 22 metastatic carcinomas, 8 meningiomas and 6 other tumors) were investigated by immunocytochemistry with three different monoclonal antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin (19A2; 19F4; PC10). PC10 was found to work best; it is applicable to both alcohol- and formalin-fixed tumor samples. PCNA labeling indices (LIs) were compared in the same tumors with LIs obtained by Ki-67 immunostaining of frozen sections and by in vitro incubation with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd); in the latter preparations, BrdUrd LIs could be compared with PCNA LIs in the very same areas of serial sections. In gliomas, PCNA LIs were 0.7–80.2% (mean 31.7%), in metastases 0–76.0% (mean 47.8%), and in meningiomas 0–53.0% (mean 19.3%). In general, PCNA LIs were highly significantly correlated with Ki-67 LIs (P=0.0002) and BrdUrd LIs (P=0.0001). However, when tumor subgroups are considered, only gliomas show a significant correlation with Ki-67 and BrdUrd LIs. Despite this statistical correlation, PCNA expression was out of proportion to proliferation indices as determined by both other methods in almost one third of all brain tumors. Immunocytochemistry for PCNA produces a broad spectrum of staining intensity of labeled nuclei, whose number is dependent upon the sensitivity of the immunocytochemical technique used. Thus, inter-oberserver and inter-laboratory variabilities in PCNA LI determination may occur. Overlapping of PCNA LIs between tumor subgroups of varying malignancy further limits the informational value for the individual case. In some classic meningiomas, high PCNA scores do not reflect the proliferative activity of the tumor, as Ki-67 and BrdUrd LIs are very low in these cases. We conclude that PCNA immunolabeling is of limited value in the individual tumor, mainly due to overexpression in many tumors, and at present cannot be recommended to replace Ki-67 and/or BrdUrd labeling methods for routine determination of proliferative activity in human tumor specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cell kinetics ; Cell cycle ; Brain tumor ; Cell proliferation ; Nucleolar organizer region proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Proliferation indices and mean number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (Ag-NORs) are compared in 65 brain tumors, including 34 gliomas, 8 meningiomas, 17 metastatic tumors, and 6 other tumors. Immunocytochemical investigations include labeling with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 which identifies the whole growth fraction, and with a monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) which detects cells in the S phase of the cell cycle after in vitro incubation with BrdUrd. When all types of tumors are collectively considered, mean numbers of Ag-NORs did not correlate with Ki-67 and Brd-Urd labeling indices (LIs) and mitotic index. Among tumor subtypes, only meningiomas showed significant correlations between Ag-NOR counts, LIs, and malignancy. Mean number of Ag-NORs did not correlate with proliferation indices and tumor grade in low-grade and high-grade gliomas. However, recurrent high-grade gliomas showed a tendency to higher Ag-NOR counts than primary tumors. This study indicates that counting of Ag-NORs in paraffin sections is of limited value in tumor neuropathology. Correlations found in meningeal tumors should be substantiated in larger series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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