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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Constitution der organischen Säuren u. s. w.Fortsetzung von Bd. XIX. 312. (1840)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 20 (1840), S. 273-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18400200143
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of PR-b proteins in tobacco roots infected with Chalara elegans (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 869-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: tobacco roots ; pathogenesis-related (b) proteins ; Chalara elegans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All previous studies on pathogenesis-related (b) protein (PR-b) induction in tobacco have been carried out on leaves or callus tissue. This paper reports the production of PR-b proteins also in roots of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NC) infected with Chalara elegans. Antiserum against PR-b1 reacted with PR-b1, PR-b2 and PR-b3 and gave the same pattern of reaction as for leaves. Antiserum against PR-b5 revealed the presence of PR-b4, PR-b5 and, very weakly, PR-b6 which have been shown to be β-1,3 glucanases. Antiserum against PR-b7 reacted with both PR-b7 and PR-b8 which are chitinases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016522
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New acidic chitinase isoforms induced in tobacco roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1992)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 1 (1992), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Tobacco roots ; Chalara elegans ; Glomus spp ; Chitinases ; PR proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chitinase activities have been compared in tobacco roots (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc) infected by the pathogenic fungus Chalara elegans or three species of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi: Glomus versiforme, G. intraradix and G. fasciculatum, using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). All previously known acidic chitinase isoforms were stimulated in roots by the pathogenic fungus and by the VAM fungi, while two new acidic chitinase isoforms were specifically induced in response to the endomycorrhizal association. After separation in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide denaturing gels (SDS-PAGE) under non-reducing conditions, the estimated apparent molecular mass for these additional acidic chitinase isoforms from VAM-colonized samples was 33 kDa, compared to 30 kDa for the main activity stimulated in C. elegans-infected root extracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203261
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chitinase andβ1,3-glucanase isoforms expressed in pea roots inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal or pathogenic fungi (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Aphanomyces euteiches ; Chalara elegans ; chemicals ; Glomus mosseae ; hydrolases ; pea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Chitinases were studied in an endomycorrhiza-resistant mutant and wild type pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Frisson) in order to characterize plant hydrolases specific to pathogenic (Aphanomyces euteiches andChalara elegans) or mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae) root interactions. Stimulation of constitutive and induction of new chitinase activities was detected by native PAGE for acidic proteins in both pea genotypes inoculated with pathogenic fungi. In contrast, a different additional chitinase isoform was induced inG. mosseae-colonized roots. This isoform was also not elicited in chemically-stressed roots, confirming its mycorrhiza-specificity. Investigations of basic chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase activities provided further evidence for differential pea responses during pathogenic and symbiotic interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877121
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effect on the stereoelective polymerization of methylthiirane in homogeneous phase (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 2225-2231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chiral cadmium thiolates of cysteine with cyclohexyl or (-)menthyl ester groups were prepared and compared with similar compounds (with isopropyl or methyl ester groups) as initiators for stereospecific polymerization of methylthiirane in homogeneous phase. The resulting polymers are highly isotactic and in all cases stereoelection can be reversed with a small change in polymerization temperature. This temperature effect permitted to differentiate two stages in the polymerization corresponding to the formation of a precursor and to that of a high polymer, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820812
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of cocatalysts in polymerizations initiated with benzyl derivatives of transition metals, 1. Polymerization of ethylene (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 1389-1395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of ethylene initiated in naphta solution by Zr(CH2C6H5)4 at 200°C under high purity conditions showed a cocatalytic effect of water with a maximum rate for a mole ratio H2O/Zr close to 0,1. No activity was observed for the hypothetical compound (C6H5CH2)3ZrOZr(CH2C6H5)3. Ethylene polymerization was also initiated with supported catalysts obtained by reaction of Zr(CH2C6H5)4 with silicium oxide or pre-dried aluminium oxide with an increase of activity (by a factor of 5). The resulting polyethylenes were found to be virtually linear with 1,5 CH3 groups for 1000 C atoms and with melting points of 134 - 136,5°C. They have high molecular weights with very broad distribution. These results were interpreted by a mechanism involving Ziegler-like active centers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereospecific polymerization of methylthiirane in homogeneous phase, 4. Solvent effect on stereospecificity and enantioasymmetry (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1015-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The living stereospecific polymerization of methylthiirane initiated by a chiral cadmium compound was run in different solvents. The general features of the mechanism of stereoregulation are the same as in bulk. In heptane and in heptane/propylene carbonate mixtures, the stereospecificity of the reaction does not depend on monomer concentration and on the dielectric constant ε of the medium. This independence of stereospecificity is in agreement with the absence of a variation of the complexation constant between a model cadmium derivative and the monomer with the variation of ε in a large range. The enantioasymmetric process depends on the molecular weight of the chain bearing the active sites. A change from diastereoisomeric to enantiomeric forms of active sites occurs for molecular weights around 50000. The enantioasymmetric constant depends on the nature of the medium and we observed a Born law for the dependence of the enantioasymmetric constant versus reciprocal dielectric constant: log kR ∝ 1/ε. This effect can be explained by a variation of the reactivities of the two types of active sites and occurs without a change in their relative amounts.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940324
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereospecific polymerization of methylthiirane in homogeneous phase, 1. Oligomerization step and change in stereocontrol with molecular weight (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 1317-1326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of methylthiirane in homogeneous phase initiated by bis(isopropylcysteinato)cadmium is a living process. For low conversions, oligomers (essentially heptamers and octamers) are formed, apparently using one valency of cadmium, the main propagation taking place by using the other one. However, the size of the oligomers may still grow for higher conversions. The mechanism of the oligomer formation depends on the temperature. A “normal” insertion of the monomer is observed at -23°C, whereas at 20°C a disulfide bond is formed. The preferential choice of a different enantiomer in the main propagation reaction may depend on the presence of a particular type of oligomer, in the vicinity of cadmium, linked to the cysteine group. However, stereospecificity (stereoselection and stereoelection) appears only with molecular weights higher than 6000 and also depends on the temperature of propagation: with decreasing temperature, the stereoregularity increases and the stereoelection can be inverted (for a definite oligomer structure).
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1984.021850705
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereospecific polymerization of methylthiirane in homogeneous phase, 3.Part 2: cf. ref. 6 Study of the enantioasymmetric process (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 1003-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Enantioasymmetry was studied for polymerizations of methylthiirane initiated by bis(isopropyl-S-cysteinato)cadmium and run in bulk. The ratio of rates of consumption of the two antipodes is independent of their concentrations. The enantioasymmetric constant kR, measuring the preferential choice of the R-antipode, is depending on both the relative number of the two types of active sites and on their reactivities. An effect on enantioasymmetry of the molecular weight of the growing chains bearing the active sites, is occurring with two distinct stages: The first one is observed, with an enantioasymmetric constant kR = 1,5, from the appearance of stereospecificity up to molecular weights of 35000 (for the main chain) and the second one with kR = 1,07 for molecular weights higher than 35000. In the first stage, the cysteinato end group of the oligomer chain remains linked to cadmium (by cadmium-nitrogen complexation) and the two active sites are diastereoisomers having different reactivities. In the second stage, the macrocyclic oligomer becomes too large and cadmium-nitrogen interaction is suppressed. The active sites are now enantiomers having the same reactivity. In this case, enantioasymmetry depends only on the unbalance between the amounts of the two types of active sites. The maximum size the macrocyclic oligomer can reach depends on the initiator concentration.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940323
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereospecific polymerization of methylthiirane in homogeneous phase, 2.Part 1: cf. ref.3. Mechanism of stereoregulation (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 1709-1721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In the living polymerization of methylthiirane initiated with bis(isopropyl-(S)-cysteinato)-cadmium, stereospecificity depends on temperature of propagation, on initiator concentration and also on the length of the growing polymer chain. The kinetics of stereospecific and non-stereospecific processes are described. In both cases, the order with respect to monomer is equal to zero and that with respect to initiator is one-half. The stereospecific propagation is proposed to involve cadmium thiolates associated as “dimeric species” and coordinated by both the monomer and by an oligomeric or polymeric chain.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1992.021930714
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