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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1421-1440 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemoselektive Addition von Organotitan-Agenzien an Carbonyl-VerbindungenDie Überführung von klassischen Carbanionen wie RMgX, RLi oder deprotonierten Nitrilen, Sulfonen oder Carbonsäureestern in Titan-Analoga ergibt Agenzien, die in Gegenwart von anderen funktionellen Gruppen chemoselektiv an Carbonylverbindungen addieren. Das Standard-Titanierungsagens ist Chlortriisopropoxytitan (1). Grignard-artige Reaktionen sowie Aldoladditionen sind aldehyd-selektiv in Gegenwart von Ketonen. Andere funktionelle Gruppen wie Alkyl- und Arylhalogenide, Ester, Amide sowie Nitro- und Cyanreste werden toleriert. Die Unterscheidung zwischen zwei Aldehyden oder zwei Ketonen ist ebenfalls möglich. Der Ersatz von Alkoxyliganden durch Methylgruppen hat eine drastische Erhöhung der Reaktivität zur Folge, d.h. die relativen Geschwindigkeiten nehmen in folgender Serie zu: CH3Ti(OCHMe2)3 〈 (CH3)2Ti-(OCHMe2)2 〈 (CH3)4Ti. Das letztere Agens sowie das Zirkon-Analogon methylieren sterisch gehinderte und/oder enolisierbare Ketone, die normalerweise keine Grignard-Reaktionen eingehen. Der At-Komplex H2C = CHCH2Ti(OCHMe2)4 MgCl (63) ist aldehyd-selektiv, während die entsprechende Aminoverbindung H2C =CHCH2Ti(NMe2)4MgCl (64) selektiv mit Ketonen in Gegenwart von Aldehyden reagiert.
    Notes: The conversion of classical carbanions such as RMgX, RLi, or deprotonated nitriles, sulfones, and carboxylic esters into titanium analogs results which add chemoselectively to carbonyl compounds in the presence of other functional groups. The standard titanating agent is chlorotrisopropoxytitanium (1). Grignard-type reactions and aldol additions are aldehyde-selective in the presence of ketones. Other functional groups such as alkyl and aryl halides, esters, amides as well as nitro and cyano moieties are tolerated. Discrimination between two aldehydes or two ketones is also possible. Replacing alkoxy ligands by methyl groups at titanium increases reactivity dramatically, relatives rates increasing in the series CH3Ti(OCHMe2)3 〈 (CH3)2Ti-(OCHMe2)2 〈 (CH3)4Ti. The latter reagent and its zirconium analog methylate sterically hindered and/or enolizable ketones which normally fail to undergo Grignard reactions. The ate complex H2C = CHCH2Ti(OCHMe2)4MgCl (63) is aldehyde-selective, while the amino analog H2C = CHCH2Ti(NMe2)4MgCl (64) adds selectively to ketones in the presence of aldehydes.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1441-1454 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereoselektive Addition von Organotitan-Agenzien an Carbonyl-VerbindungenTitanierung von Alkyllithium- oder -magnesium-Verbindungen mittels ClTi(OR)3 ergibt Reagenzien, die eine deutlich erhöhte Diastereoselektivität (80-90%) bei Reaktionen mit α-chiralen Aldehyden oder Ketonen zeigen. Titanierung ist auch die Methode der Wahl im Falle von Grignardartigen Additionen an substituierte Cyclohexanone; CH3Ti(OCHMe2)3 (6a) greift bevorzugt von der äquatorialen Seite an, während die Allyltitan-Reagenzien 11b und 12 hauptsächlich axialen Angriff eingehen. Crotyltitan-Agenzien reagieren mit Carbonyl-Verbindungen unter bevorzugter Bildung von Addukten mit der anti-Konfiguration, eine besonders wertvolle Reaktion im Falle von Ketonen (anti/syn-Verhältnisse bis zu 99:1). Titanierung von (Trimethylsilyl)allyllithium (48) mit Ti(OCHMe2)4 kehrt die Regioselektivität bei Additionen an Aldehyde und Ketone um, denn die einzigen Produkte sind β-Hydroxysilane 50. Sie haben die anti-Konfiguration und können mit Hilfe der Peterson-Eliminierung unter basischen bzw. sauren Bedingungen in Z- oder E-Diene übergeführt werden.
    Notes: Titanation of alkyllithium or -magnesium compounds using ClTi(OR)3 results in reagents which show markedly increased diastereofacial selectivity (80-90%) in reactions with α-chiral aldehydes or ketones. Titanation is also the method of choice in Grignard-type additions to substituted cyclohexanones; CH3Ti(OCHMe2)3 (6a) adds predominantly from the equatorial direction, while allyltitanium reagents 11b and 12 show axial preference. Crotyltitanium compounds react with carbonyl compounds to afford primarily adducts having anti-configuration, a process which is of particular value in case of ketones (anti/syn ratios up to 99:1). Titanation of (trimethylsilyl)allyllithium (48) with Ti(OCHMe2)4 reverses regioselectivity in reactions with aldehydes and ketones, β-hydroxy silanes 50 being the only observed products. These have anti-configuration and can be converted either into Z- or E-dienes using the Peterson elimination under basic or acidic conditions, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1489-1493 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Conjugate alkylation ; Trimethylaluminium ; Copper catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conjugate methylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with trimethylaluminium occurs smoothly in a very simple procedure under the catalytic effect of Cu1 salts. Scope and limitations of this process as well as the influence of solvent and catalyst on the kinetics were studied. In addition, the effect of chlorotrimethylsilane as an additive was investigated. Attack on the carbonyl group in 1,2-fashion could not be observed under the reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Steroids ; Androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione ; Conjugate addition ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By a variation of the nature of the reagent system conjugate addition to the cross-conjugated steroidal dienone 1 occurs selectively either at C-1 or at the sterically hindered C-5. With Me3Al or Me4AlLi in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cu1 salts, a high regioselectivity (up to 97:3) in favour of position 1 is achieved. Application of ate complexes of aluminium and titanium in the presence of Ni(acac)2 as catalyst, however, leads to a reversal of the regioselectivity in favour of position 5 (up to 11:89). Aluminium and titanium ate complexes are efficient reagents in the Ni(acac)2-catalysed conjugate addition to sterically hindered enones.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1050-1057 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Direkte geminale Dimethylierung von Ketonen und erschöpfende Methylierung von Carbonsäure-chloriden mit DimethyltitandichloridDie Reaktion von Ketonen mit einem Überschuß von (CH3)2TiCl2 (6) führt zum Ersatz des Carbonyl-Sauerstoffatoms durch zwei Methylgruppen. Diese milde Methode der direkten geminalen Dimethylierung beinhaltet Grignard-artige Addition gefolgt von der Bildung tertiärer Carbokationen, die von Methyltitan-Spezies abgefangen werden. Zusätzliche funktionelle Gruppen wie primäre Alkylchlorid, Thioether, Aromaten, Ether oder Ester werden toleriert, nicht aber Thioketale. Die Methode wurde bei der Synthese von (±)-Cuparen (44) herangezogen. In ähnlicher Weise werden Carbonsäurechloride in tert-Butylderivate übergeführt.
    Notes: The reaction of ketones with an excess of (CH3)2 TiCl2 (6) leads to the replacement of the carbonyl oxygen atom by two methyl groups. This mild method of direct geminal dimethylation involves Grignard-type addition followed by formation of tertiary carbocations which are captured by methyltitanium species. Additional functional groups such as primary alkyl chlorides, thioethers, aromatics, ethers, and esters are tolerated, but not thioketals. The procedure has been applied to the synthesis of (±)-cuparene (44). Similarly, carboxylic acid chlorides are converted to tert-butyl derivatives.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Conjugate alkylation ; Organoaluminium ; Organotitanium ; Copper catalysis ; Nickel catalysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Regioselectivities in Michael-type reactions of organoaluminium and organotitanium reagents with sterically hindered carbonyl compounds 1 and 5 concerning 1,2- versus 1,4-addition were determined. Throughout this investigation Me3Al/cat. Ni(acac)2 was found to be the most useful reagent for strongly hindered systems.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Conjugate addition ; Enones ; Steroids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transmetallation of arylmagnesium halides or aryllithium with Me2AlCl results in the formation of aryldimethylaluminum compounds. These arylaluminum compounds are useful reagents for conjugate additions to enones in the presence of Ni(acac)2 as a catalyst. 3-Aryl ketones are obtained in good yields in these catalytic reactions. Starting from the 3-oxo-Δ1,4-steroids this method gives access to 1α-arylsteroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1989 (1989), S. 1081-1083 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Alkylation, enantioselective ; β-Ketophosphonate, chiral ; Oxazolidinones ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfache Darstellung von Dimethyl-[(3S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-5-octinyl]phosphonatDie diastereoselektive Alkylierung des chiralen Evans-Intermediates 2 mit 1-Iod-2-pentin (3) gibt das Oxazolidinon 4. Titanalkoxid-katalysierte Spaltung des Produktes zum Ethylester 5 und Acylierung von Methanphosphonsäure-dimethylester ergibt das chirale Phosphonat 6. Die optische Reinheit des Phosphonates 6 wird durch Trennung der Enantiomeren an einer chiralen HPLC-Säule und durch Umsetzung zum Bromketon 8 - einem Zwischenprodukt für das Prostacylin-Analoge ZK 96480 - belegt.
    Notes: The diastereoselective alkylation of the chiral Evans intermediate 2 with 1-iodo-2-pentyne (3) gives the oxazolidinone 4. Titanium alkoxide-catalysed cleavage yields the ethyl ester 5, which is used to acylate dimethyl methanephosphonate to the chiral phosphonate 6. The optical purity of phosphonate 6 is checked by separation on a chiral HPLC column and by conversion into the bromo ketone 8, an intermediate for the prostacyclin analogue ZK 96480.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No Abstract.Das vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 251-268
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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