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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantioselective Grignard-type addition of allyltitanium reagents having the center of chirality at titanium (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Organometallics 3 (1984), S. 1716-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00089a020
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migration of naive, effector and memory T cells: implications for the regulation of immune responses (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 184 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: T cells play an important role in protective immune responses and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Understanding the mechanisms regulating their distribution in vivo may therefore be of therapeutic value. Reviewing studies that have followed the migration of labelled naive, effector and memory T cells in healthy animals reveals that all T-cell subsets enter all organs investigated. Within the tissue, two principally different migration patterns can be identified. First, naive and memory T cells accumulate in lymphoid organs for about 48 h after injection, as the time needed for migration through lymphoid organs is longer than through non-lymphoid organs. During this time, surface molecule expression is temporarily modified. These changes are reversed before leaving the lymphoid organs and entering the blood to start a new cycle of migration. Second, effector T cells are evenly distributed throughout the body, and most die in the tissues within 24 h. However, depending on the presence of cytokines, some are able to survive and to proliferate, and thereby accumulate in defined microenvironments of the body. Analysing the principles regulating T-cell migration and survival within the tissue may lead to the development of new options for the treatment of disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1840103.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditioning in the rat: an in vivo model to investigate the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of brain–immune communication (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 184 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: A wealth of in vitro and ex vivo evidence has described both close anatomical interaction and functional bi-directional communication between the immune and central nervous systems (CNS). These data have provided a framework for understanding the physiological mechanisms whereby behavioural factors may impact immune-related disease. An understanding of this interaction, however, as well as verification of the biological relevance of communication among these systems, requires in vivo animal modelling. The development of psychoneuroimmunological models in the laboratory rat has played a key role in advancing the understanding of the influence of behaviour on immune status. One such paradigm is the behavioural conditioning of immune function in the rat. This elegant model is characterised by the ability to examine simultaneously both afferent and efferent brain–immune communication. Specifically, the role of peripheral cytokines in signalling the brain, as well as their anatomical and cellular targets in the CNS, can be identified. On the other hand, the neural and humoral pathways whereby the CNS influences the function and distribution of peripheral immunocytes can be demonstrated, together with the target hormone receptors on immunocompetent cells. Finally, the in vivo biological relevance of brain–immune communication is revealed by behavioural conditioning, demonstrating that clinically relevant conditions such as heart allograft survival can be modified by behavioural processes. Behavioural conditioning thereby provides an excellent example of the utility of in vivo laboratory rat models in psychoneuroimmunology research. Such paradigms not only provide a more complete knowledge of CNS–immune system interaction, but are the platform for determining potential clinical application of this information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1840120.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regioselectivities in the catalyzed conjugate addition of organoaluminium and organotitanium reagents to sterically hindered enones: Investigation of the methylation of 10β-methyl-Δ1,9-2-octalones (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Conjugate alkylation ; Organoaluminium ; Organotitanium ; Copper catalysis ; Nickel catalysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Regioselectivities in Michael-type reactions of organoaluminium and organotitanium reagents with sterically hindered carbonyl compounds 1 and 5 concerning 1,2- versus 1,4-addition were determined. Throughout this investigation Me3Al/cat. Ni(acac)2 was found to be the most useful reagent for strongly hindered systems.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199519950248
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte traffic through lymph nodes and Peyer's patches of the rat: B- and T-cell-specific migration patterns within the tissue, and their dependence on splenic tissue (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: In vivo ; Lymphocytes ; Migration ; Lymph nodes ; Peyer's patches ; Microenvironment ; Quantification ; Rat (Lewis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The migration routes of lymphocyte subsets through organ compartments are of importance when trying to understand the local events taking place during immune responses. We have therefore studied the traffic of B, T, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes through lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. At various time points after injection into the rat, labeled lymphocytes were localized, and their phenotype characterized in cryostat sections using immunohistochemistry. Morphometry was also performed, and the recovery of 51Cr-labeled lymphocytes in these organs was determined. B and T lymphocytes entered the lymph nodes via the high endothelial venules in similar numbers. Most B lymphocytes migrated via the paracortex (T cell area) into the cortex (B cell area), and then back in substantial numbers into the paracortex. In contrast, T lymphocytes predominantly migrated into the paracortex and were rarely seen in the cortex. No obvious differences were seen between various lymph nodes and Peyer's patches and the routes of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. After injection of lymphocytes into animals with autotransplanted splenic tissue, the number of B lymphocytes that had migrated into the B cell area of lymph nodes and of Peyer's patches was significantly decreased, whereas CD4+ lymphocytes migrated in larger numbers into the T cell area of both organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318870
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autotransplantation of the spleen in the rat: donor leukocytes of the splenic fragment survive implantation to migrate and proliferate in the host (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 357-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Spleen ; Transplantation ; Regeneration ; Macrophages ; Lymphocytes ; Traffic ; Proliferation ; Rat (Lewis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Loss of the spleen may lead to fatal bacterial infections. As a preventive procedure splenic autotransplantation has been performed in humans and experimental animals. However, there is still controversy about the protective function of this procedure, partly because the process of regeneration after implantation of splenic tissue is not fully understood. In the present study the question was addressed of whether, in contrast to the current view, leukocytes survive the phase of necrosis after implantation of splenic fragments. Rats (LEW.7A; host) received splenic fragments of a congenic rat strain (LEW.7B; donor). These fragments first underwent almost complete necrosis, then regenerated, finally developing the typical splenic compartments. Twenty weeks after implantation, leukocytes which had survived the implantation procedure (7B positive; donor) and those which had migrated from the host into the splenic implant (7B negative; host) were differentiated using a specific monoclonal antibody (anti-7B) and immunohistology. In addition, the rats received 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 1 day before the splenic autotransplant and several lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs were removed. This thymidine analogue is incorporated in proliferating cells during the S-phase of the cell cycle and can be revealed by immunohistology. The present study demonstrates that macrophages and B and T lymphocytes survive the implantation procedure and are found in the organ compartments of the splenic autotransplant. The lymphocytes proliferate and migrate into lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. Both the number of surviving leukocytes in the splenic autotransplants and the number of donor lymphocytes found in various host organs varied considerably between single animals. Thus, not only fibroblasts but also macrophages and lymphocytes survive the avascular implantation of splenic fragments. The surviving leukocyte subsets may be involved in the regulation of the regeneration of the different splenic compartments, so increasing their numbers may finally lead to an improvement in the function of splenic autotransplants in the clinical situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050761
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte traffic through lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches of the rat: B- and T-cell-specific migration patterns within the tissue, and their dependence on splenic tissue (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: In vivo ; Lymphocytes ; Migration ; Lymph nodes ; Peyer’s patches ; Microenvironment ; Quantification ; Rat (Lewis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The migration routes of lymphocyte subsets through organ compartments are of importance when trying to understand the local events taking place during immune responses. We have therefore studied the traffic of B, T, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes through lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches. At various time points after injection into the rat, labeled lymphocytes were localized, and their phenotype characterized in cryostat sections using immunohistochemistry. Morphometry was also performed, and the recovery of 51Cr-labeled lymphocytes in these organs was determined. B and T lymphocytes entered the lymph nodes via the high endothelial venules in similar numbers. Most B lymphocytes migrated via the paracortex (T cell area) into the cortex (B cell area), and then back in substantial numbers into the paracortex. In contrast, T lymphocytes predominantly migrated into the paracortex and were rarely seen in the cortex. No obvious differences were seen between various lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches and the routes of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. After injection of lymphocytes into animals with autotransplanted splenic tissue, the number of B lymphocytes that had migrated into the B cell area of lymph nodes and of Peyer’s patches was significantly decreased, whereas CD4+ lymphocytes migrated in larger numbers into the T cell area of both organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050489
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration of clinical problems in teaching gross anatomy: Living anatomy, X-ray anatomy, patient presentations, and films depicting clinical problems (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 215 (1986), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In addition to lectures and the dissection course, four supplements are described to stimulate first-year medical students to learn gross anatomy. All topics are coordinated with the dissection course. The additional options are living anatomy, X-ray anatomy by a roentgenologist, presentation of patients by clinicians, and films on clinical problems. This integrated curriculum of basic and applied anatomy generates a high level of student interest in gross anatomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092150114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoarchitecture of regenerated splenic transplants: Influence of donor and host age on the regeneration of splenic compartments (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 403-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Splenic transplant ; Lymphocyte subsets ; Macrophage subsets ; Immunohistology ; Rat (Lewis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inbred rats were used as a model to determine the influence of the age of the implanted splenic tissue and the age of the host on the structure of transplanted splenic tissue. Monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte, macrophage and dendritic cell subsets were used to evaluate the different compartments of the spleen. Adult rats received implants from adult, weanling or fetal rats, weanling rats received splenic tissue from adult, weanling or fetal rats and neonatal rats received neonatal or fetal spleens. There were major differences in the structure and cellular composition of the regenerated splenic tissue. The younger the recipients and the donor spleens, the better the normalization of the splenic compartments and the less fibrous tissue was found 3 months after transplantation. The follicles regenerated in all transplants, but the marginal zone was only normally developed in wealing and neonatal hosts. The periarteriolar lymphatic sheath regenerated in a similar manner to the marginal zone. Whenever a compartment developed, its cellular composition was the same as in a normal spleen. The immunhistological techniques enabled splenic regeneration to be characterized revealing a far from normal histological splenic structure in many age groups. These findings suggest that splenic regeneration in children might result in splenic tissue with normal compartments, which would be in contrast to some data in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225813
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective Addition of Organotitanium Reagents to Carbonyl Compounds (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1441-1454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereoselektive Addition von Organotitan-Agenzien an Carbonyl-VerbindungenTitanierung von Alkyllithium- oder -magnesium-Verbindungen mittels ClTi(OR)3 ergibt Reagenzien, die eine deutlich erhöhte Diastereoselektivität (80-90%) bei Reaktionen mit α-chiralen Aldehyden oder Ketonen zeigen. Titanierung ist auch die Methode der Wahl im Falle von Grignardartigen Additionen an substituierte Cyclohexanone; CH3Ti(OCHMe2)3 (6a) greift bevorzugt von der äquatorialen Seite an, während die Allyltitan-Reagenzien 11b und 12 hauptsächlich axialen Angriff eingehen. Crotyltitan-Agenzien reagieren mit Carbonyl-Verbindungen unter bevorzugter Bildung von Addukten mit der anti-Konfiguration, eine besonders wertvolle Reaktion im Falle von Ketonen (anti/syn-Verhältnisse bis zu 99:1). Titanierung von (Trimethylsilyl)allyllithium (48) mit Ti(OCHMe2)4 kehrt die Regioselektivität bei Additionen an Aldehyde und Ketone um, denn die einzigen Produkte sind β-Hydroxysilane 50. Sie haben die anti-Konfiguration und können mit Hilfe der Peterson-Eliminierung unter basischen bzw. sauren Bedingungen in Z- oder E-Diene übergeführt werden.
    Notes: Titanation of alkyllithium or -magnesium compounds using ClTi(OR)3 results in reagents which show markedly increased diastereofacial selectivity (80-90%) in reactions with α-chiral aldehydes or ketones. Titanation is also the method of choice in Grignard-type additions to substituted cyclohexanones; CH3Ti(OCHMe2)3 (6a) adds predominantly from the equatorial direction, while allyltitanium reagents 11b and 12 show axial preference. Crotyltitanium compounds react with carbonyl compounds to afford primarily adducts having anti-configuration, a process which is of particular value in case of ketones (anti/syn ratios up to 99:1). Titanation of (trimethylsilyl)allyllithium (48) with Ti(OCHMe2)4 reverses regioselectivity in reactions with aldehydes and ketones, β-hydroxy silanes 50 being the only observed products. These have anti-configuration and can be converted either into Z- or E-dienes using the Peterson elimination under basic or acidic conditions, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19851180413
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