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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 112 (1981), S. 1129-1134 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Charge-transfer complexes ; DDT ; Dipole moments ; Equilibrium constants ; Indoles ; Molecular complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Molekülkomplexe vonDDT (als Acceptor) mit einigen Verbindungen von biologischem Interesse (als Donoren: Indol, 2-Methyl-indol, 3-Methyl-indol, Benzol und Naphthalin) mittels Brechungsindex,Guggenheim-Methode und dielektrischer Titration untersucht. Dipolmomentberechnungen ergaben, daß die intermolekulare Wechselwirkung von einer Anziehung induzierter Dipol-Dipol bestimmt wird; es wurde auch der charge-transfer-Anteil des Dipolmoments abgeschätzt. Alle diese Daten unterstützen die Annahme der charge-transfer-Komplexierung vonDDT.
    Notes: Abstract The molecular complexation ofDDT (acceptor) with some compounds of biological interest as donors (e.g. indole, 2-methylindole, 3-methylindole, benzene and naphthalene) have been studied using refractive index,Guggenheim and dielectric titration plot methods. The interaction between these donors with solvents (CCl4 and C6H6) have also been observed by calculating μind through μind=μsol−μinert. These data have shown that the molecular interaction between polar solutes and non-polar aromatics is governed by dipole-induced dipole electrostatic attraction. The dipole moment obtained due to charge transfer (μDA) has also been calculated and found that its value increases with the increase in the extent of interaction between donor and acceptor. These data support the charge-transfer complex formation hypothesis for the mode of action ofDDT on molecular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 112 (1981), S. 935-943 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Charge-transfer complexes ; DDT ; Electronic polarization ; Equilibrium constants ; Indoles ; Refractometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Bildung von Molekülkomplexen zwischenDDT als Acceptor und Indol, 2-Methyl-indol, 3-Methyl-indol, Benzol und Naphthalin als Donor in CCl4 mittels Refraktometrie und differenzieller Refraktometrie untersucht. Es wurde1∶1-Stöchiometrie der Komplexe festgestellt, Gleichgewichtskonstanten und das Ausmaß der Elektronenpolarisation wurden berechnet. Zwei Typen von Komplexen wurden beobachtet; in einem Fall erfolgt die Assoziation primär über die Benzhydryltrichlormethyl-Gruppierung desDDT, im anderen Fall über π-Elektronenwechselwirkungen. Die Daten unterstützen ein chargetransfer-Modell der Komplexbildung vonDDT mit geeigneten Donormolekülen.
    Notes: Abstract Formation of molecular complexes betweenDDT as acceptor and indole, 2-methylindole, 3-methylindole, benzene and naphthalene as donors have been studied in carbon tetrachloride using refractometric and differential refractometric measurements. Titration techniques through these measurements have indicated1∶1 stoichiometry of these complexes. Equilibrium constants (K 1) and extent of electronic polarization were calculated. Two types of complexes were observed, one association involving primarily the benzhydryltrichloromethyl grouping ofDDT with a polar complexing agents, and the other interaction of theDDT aromatic π-electron system with π-electrons of donors in the complexing molecule. These data support the charge-transfer complex formation hypothesis for the mode of action ofDDT on molecular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 678-681 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Greengram ; Vigna radiata ; SSD ; Mass selection ; Intermating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three selection methods (single seed descent (SSD), mass selection and selective intermating) were applied simultaneously to a highly heterogeneous and broadly based population of greengram. Progeny developing after two cycles of selection were evaluated for yield and seven other economic characters. The relative efficacy of each selection method was judged on the basis of the number of high yielding progeny, mean yield of top 10% progeny, and mean of the highest yielding progeny. Selection after two cycles of selective intermating was found to be the best method for generating productive progeny although mass selection favouring smaller seeds was an equally efficient method. Both of these were found superior to SSD selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 129-132 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Greengram ; Vigna radiata ; Selective intermating ; Pedigree selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Selective intermating and pedigree selection methods were applied simultaneously to highly heterogeneous and heterozygous base populations of greengram in order to compare their relative efficacy in terms of evolving the number of productive lines as well as their production potential. Selection after two cycles of selective intermating was found to be a better method than traditional pedigree selection. The demerits of pedigree selection and merits of selective intermating are discussed. It is suggested that selective intermating replace the widely adopted but less effective pedigree selection for generating promising new material in such autogamous crops as greengram.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 584-591 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article presents a calculation procedure useful for the optimization and scale up of batch sterilization cycles in large-scale fermentors. This technique determines the sterilization temperature and hold-time necessary to minimize nutrient damage in a specific fermentor. The method can also be used for “scaledown” experiments to eliminate sterilization conditions as a scale up parameter. A method for the systematic evaluation of different sterilization conditions on product yield is also presented. This procedure is useful in determining if scale up of sterilization conditions is important for a given process. The validity of the techniques presented are supported by data showing significant yield improvements in a 1.2 × 105 L antibiotic fermentation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 925-933 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: spinfilter ; perfusion ; filter clogging ; cell retertion ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A spinning cylindrical filter is often used to retain mammalian cells in a continuous perfusion bioreactor. This device, known as a spinfilter, has typically been with pore size smaller than the cell particles (single cells or aggregates) in order to achieve cell separation. For single cells in suspension, such an operation cannot be sustained over a long period of time because of clogging of the filter surface. Recently, screens with openings larger than the average cell size have been used to reduce the incidence of clogging. In this article, we have investigated how the screen size affects cell retention. We also showed why it is necessary to optimize the rotational speed of the spinfilter in order to achieve cell retention and reduce screen clogging. Effects of bulk mixing and perfusion rate on screen fouling cell retention, and cell washout were also investigated. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 159-164 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: spinfilter ; perfusion ; filter clogging ; screen fouling ; cell retention ; scaleup ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A spinning cylindrical filter, known as a spinfilter, permits the mammalian cell bioreactor operation at high perfusion rates leading to very high cell densities (107 mL-1). Filter screens with openings (25 μm) slightly larger than the average cell size have been used to retain single cells in suspension over a long period of operation without clogging. We have previously shown why it is necessary to optimize the rotational speed of the spinfilter in order to achieve efficient cell retention and avoid potential screen clogging. Effects of bulk mixing and perfusion rate on screen fouling and cell retention were also investigated. Based on this analysis, in this article, we suggest strategies for scaleup of spinfilters. Experimental data from 12- and 175-L (working volume) bioreactors is shown in support of the scaleup analysis. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 590-594 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aktive, passive und transpassive Auflösung einer Nickelbasissuperlegierung in konzentrierten SäurelösungenMittels potentiostatischen Messungen wurde das elektrochemische und das Korrosionsverhalten einer Nickelbasissuperlegierung (C-263) in entgasten binären und ternären Mischungen aus konzentrierter Phosphorsäure, Essigsäure, Schwefelsäure, Salpetersäure oder Wasser bei 35°C untersucht. Die Möglichkeiten des Elektropolierens der Legierung in diesen Lösungsmischungen wurde ebenfalls geprüft. Die Legierung zeigte ein ausgeprägtes aktives, passives und transpassives Verhalten in den experimentellen Lösungen. Die Legierung blieb aktiv und wurde im negativen Potentialbereich passiv. Im Bereich der transpassiven Auflösung wurde Elektropolieren erreicht. Das beste Ergebnis für ein Elektropolieren erhält man in 50% H3PO4 + 40% CH3COOH + 10% H2SO4. Höhere Wassergehalte in der Elektrolytlösung sind für das Elektropolieren der Legierung nicht nützlich. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse lassen auch darauf schließen, daß ein Stromplateau im transpassiven Potentialbereich keine ausreichende Bedingung für das Elektropolieren darstellt.
    Notes: The electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of a nickel base super alloy (C-263) has been investigated in the deaerated binary and ternary solution mixture of concentrated phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid or water using potentiostatic technique at 35°C. The possibilities of electropolishing of this alloy in these solution mixtures have been also explored. The alloy showed distinct active, passive and transpassive behaviour in the experimental solutions. The alloy remained active and turned passive in the negative potential region. Transpassive dissolution of the alloy is observed and electropolishing is achieved in this region. The best electropolishing is obtained in 50% H3PO4 + 40% CH3COOH + 10% H2SO4. Higher content of water in the electrolytic solution is not useful for electropolishing of the alloy The experimental results also suggest that a current plateau in the transpassive potential region is not a sufficient condition to achieve electropolishing.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 52 (1996), S. 443-448 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: on-line ; oxygen uptake rate ; OUR ; cell culture ; hybridoma ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurement of oxygen uptake rate is useful in assessing growth, viability, and metabolic activity. In cell culture, however, the oxygen demand is extremely small (typically 0.1-0.3 mM O2L-h) and is very difficult to measure accurately using conventional offgas analysis. In many industrial submerged cell culture systems, dissolved oxygen levels are controlled between preset limits by intermittent sparging of air or oxygen. This article describes a computational method for the automatic online determination of oxygen uptake from the dynamic dissolved oxygen probe response. Experimental measurements show that for a typical hybridoma culture, specific oxygen demand is 0.15 mM O2/109 cells/h. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 295-299 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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