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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 324-328 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dibenzothiophene ; Desulfurization ; Mineralization ; Degradation pathway ; Brevibacterium sp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dibenzothiophene, a polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycle, represents as a model compound the organic sulfur integrated in the macromolecular coal matrix. A pure culture of a Brevibacterium species was isolated, which is able to use dibenzothiophene as sole source of carbon, sulfur and energy for growth. During dibenzothiophene utilization sulfite was released in a stoichiometrical amount and was further oxidized to sulfate. Three metabolites of dibenzothiophene degradation were isolated and identified as dibenzothiophene-5-oxide, dibenzothiophene-5-dioxide and benzoate by cochromatography, UV spectroscopy and gas chromatographymass spectrometry analyses. Based on the identified metabolites a pathway for the degradation of dibenzothiophene by Brevibacterium sp. DO is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial desulphurization of coal by pyrite oxidizing enrichment cultures containing predominantly Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was performed in an air-agitated slurry reactor, 20 l in volume. A model of microbiological and chemical reactions, occurring at various points within the coal, was set up taking into account the pore structure of the coal. The influence of parameters relevant to industrial processes, such as superficial gas velocity, particle size, initial pyrite concentration, and slurry density of the coal, on the conversion of pyrite was examined. Variation of the superficial gas velocity in the range of 0.01 to 0.04 m/s confirmed that the reaction is not controlled by oxygen transfer from gaseous to liquid phase. The rate of pyrite oxidation depends mainly on the accessibility of pyrite to micro-organisms which is determined by the particle size of the coal as well as the distribution of pyrite crystals in the coal matrix. The accessibility of pyrite to the micro-organisms is described by the ratio of effective to maximum microbial activity, measured as oxygen consumption. Starting with higher initial concentration of pyrite in the coal increases the oxidation rate, according to first order kinetics. Enhanced slurry densities lead to a decrease of pyrite conversion, in spite of higher pyrite concentration. The maximum pyrite oxidation rate was measured at 15% (v/v) slurry density and 25°C as 1800 mg Spyr/kg coal per day, or 360 mg Spyr/l reactor volume per day.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 234-237 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 937-943 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei den konventionellen Verfahren zur Kohlevergasung wird die Kohle sowohl als Rohstoff für das Gas als auch zur Erzeugung der nötigen Prozeßwärme eingesetzt. Neue Verfahrensvorschläge zielen darauf ab, für den letztgenannten Zweek Hoch-temperatur-Kernreaktoren einzusetzen. Dadurch spart man einen erheblichen Teil der Kohle ein und bewirkt so eine Schonung der Kohlenvorräte sowie eine verminderte CO2-Emission. Für die technische Durchführung wurde aufgrund von Untersuchungen zur Vergasungskinetik und Wärmeübertragung das Konzept eines allothermen Gasgenerators entworfen, in dem die Helium-Wärme über einen Zwischenkreislauf aus dem Kernreaktor auf ein Kohle/Wasserdampf-Wirbelbett durch einen Wärmetauscher übertragen wird, der in das Wirbelbett eintaucht. Bei einer Helium-Temperatur von 950°C können in einem Gasgenerator mit einem Wirbelbettvolumen von 318 m3 und einer Wärmetauschfläche von 4000 m2 ca. 50 t Steinkohle/h vergast werden. Das laufende Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben hat zum Ziel, im Jahre 1983/84 eine Demonstrationsanlage zu betreiben.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Wirbelrinne ; Aktivkohleregeneration ; Abwasserreinigung ; Aktivkohleverluste ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Klärschlammaufbereitung ; Trocknung ; Verbrennung ; Wirbelschicht ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclobutene derivatives are prepared from the corresponding thiolanes in better yields by using the chloro sulfoxides than the chloro sulfones, which are intermediates in the Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction. This is established by the synthesis of 2,5-o-benzeno-3,4-benzobicyclo[4.2.0]octa-3,7-diene (6) from 2,5-o-benzeno-3,4-benzo-8-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-ene (1). On the same way 2,5-o-benzeno-3,4-benzo[4.2.2]propella-3,7,9-triene (8) can now be prepared in better yields and its X-ray structure analysis is described.
    Notes: Cyclobuten-Derivate lassen sich aus den entsprechenden Thiolanen über die Chlorsulfoxide in besseren Ausbeuten herstellen als über Chlorsulfone, die bei der Ramberg-Bäcklund-Reaktion als Zwischenprodukte auftreten. Dieses wird durch die Synthese von 2,5-o-Benzeno-3,4-benzobicyclo[4.2.0]octa-3,7-dien (6) aus 2,5-o-Benzeno-3,4-benzo-8-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-en (1) bewiesen. Auf dem gleichen Syntheseweg konnte jetzt auch das 2,5-o-Benzeno-3,4-benzo[4.2.2]propella-3,7,9-trien (8) in besserer Ausbeute erhalten werden, dessen Röntgenstrukturanalyse beschrieben wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Condensed Ring Systems, XV. About the Reaction of α-Chloro Sulfoxides with Potassium tert-Butoxide by the Example of the Synthesis of OxapropellenesThe synthesis of dithia- 1a - 3a and oxathiapropellenes 1b - 3b is described. From 1b - 3b the α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6 and α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a are prepared, or which in most cases several stereoisomeric racemates are obtained. The constitution, configuration, and conformation of the α-chloro sulfoxide 4, the main product obtained from 1b, was elucidated by X-ray structure analysis. Only in that way it was possible to deduce the constitutions and configurations of the other stereoisomeric α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6 and α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a, respectively, using 13C NMR spectroscopy. By the reaction of the α-chloro sulfones 4a - 6a with potassium tert-butoxide (Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction) the corresponding oxapropellenes 7 - 9 are obtained only in low yields (〈 10%). Contrary, the α-chloro sulfoxides 4 - 6, und analogous conditions give yields of 80 - 90% (from 4, 6) and 25% (from 5).
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese der Dithia- 1a - 3a und Oxathiapropellene 1b - 3b beschrieben. Aus 1b - 3b werden die α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 und α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a hergestellt, von denen meist mehrere stereoisomere Racemate erhalten werden. Konstitution, Konfiguration und Konformation des Hauptprodukts der aus 1b erhaltenen α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 wurden durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse ermittelt. Erst dadurch wurde es möglich, mit Hilfe der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie die Konstitutionen und Konfigurationen der anderen stereoisomeren α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 und α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a aufzuklären. Bei der Reaktion der α-Chlorsulfone 4a - 6a mit Kalium-tert-butylat (Ramberg-Bäcklund-Reaktion) erhält man die entsprechenden Oxapropellene 7 - 9 nur in geringer Ausbeute (〈 10%), während die α-Chlorsulfoxide 4 - 6 unter analogen Bedingungen Ausbeuten von 80 - 90% (aus 4, 6) und 25% (aus 5) ergeben.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Condensed Ring Systems, XVII. Propellanes with Benzene-Dewar-Benzene Structure  -  Crystal and Molecular Structure of 1′,8′:3,5-Naphtho[5.2.2]propella-3,8,10-trieneThe syntheses of the propellanes 7-9, which have a benzene-Dewar-benzene structure, are described. As a second example of a 1,4-bridged Dewar-benzene, the crystal and molecular structure of 1′,8′:3,5-naphtho[5.2.2]propella-3,8,10-triene (9) is elucidated by X-ray structure analysis. 9 has a long central bridge bond of 1.565 Å, which, however, is clearly shorter than the corresponding bond of 3,4:5,6-dibenzo[6.2.2]propella-3,5,9,11-tetraene (10: 1.586 Å), due to the smaller C5-bridge. The dihedral angle of 116.6° between the cyclobutene rings of the Dewarbenzene system of 9 is insignificantly larger than the analogous angle of 10 (115.9°). The molecule lies on a crystallographic mirror plane.
    Notes: Die Synthesen der Propellane 7-9, die eine Benzol-Dewarbenzol-Struktur besitzen, werden beschrieben. Als zweites Beispiel für ein 1,4-überbrücktes Dewarbenzol wird die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von 1′,8′:3,5-Naphtho[5.2.2]propella-3,8,10-trien (9) mittels Röntgenbeugung bestimmt. 9 besitzt eine lange zentrale Brückenbindung mit 1.565 Å, die jedoch aufgrund der kleineren C5-Brücke deutlich kürzer als die entsprechende Bindung im 3,4:5,6-Dibenzo[6.2.2]-propella-3,5,9,11-tetraen (10: 1.586 Å) ist. Der Faltungswinkel zwischen den beiden Cyclobutenringen des Dewarbenzol-Systems beträgt 116.6° und ist damit nur unwesentlich größer als der von 10 (115.9°). Das Molekül liegt auf einer kristallographischen Spiegelebene.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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