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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 775-780 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Digitalis therapy ; Prescription ; Serum concentration ; Withdrawal trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The frequency of therapy with digitalis glycosides was determined in 4.143 patients on their first visit at a medical outpatient clinic. 508 (12.3%) patients said to take digitalis. Of 480 (94.5%) patients, a digoxin serum concentration was obtained. It was in 229 (47.7%) patients below, in 31 (6.5%) above, and in 220 (45.8%) within the therapeutic range (0.8–2.0 ng/ml). From the 251 patients with a serum digoxin concentration ≧0.8 ng/ml, 220 (87.7%) were not included in a withdrawal trial on the basis of predetermined criteria, mainly because of cardiac diseases (52%). Digitalis therapy was withdrawn in 31 patients. 5 patients started to take the drug again on their own; they were considered drop-outs. In the remaining 26 patients, no symptoms of heart failure appeared during a 3-month observation period; in 2 patients, however, atrial fibrillation requiring intervention occurred. Our results confirm the frequent use of digitalis therapy in Germany, but also the frequent presence of subtherapeutic serum digoxin concentrations. Withdrawal should be considered in patients with a questionable indication for this therapy; the occasional occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias, and not so much of heart failure, should be anticipated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 982-988 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Verapamil ; Coronary dilators ; Coronary blood flow myocardial ; Oxygen consumption ; Verapamil ; Coronardilatatoren ; Coronardurchblutung. Myokardialer Sauerstoffverbrauch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Verapamil auf Coronardurchblutung, myokardialen Sauerstoffverbrauch und Kohlendioxydproduktion wurde bei 10 Patienten mit angeborenen oder erworbenen Herzfehlern untersucht. Nach Infusion von 0,35 mg/kg läßt sich eine Coronardurchblutungszunahme bis zu 65% nachweisen, wobei im Durchschnitt 30% erreicht werden. Die coronardurchblutungssteigernde Wirkung setzt früh ein und fällt nach Absetzen der Infusion rasch ab. Als Wirkungsmechanismus wird eine metabolische Acidose bei vermehrter Glykolyse diskutiert. Die Sauerstoffutilisation des Myokards nimmt unter Einfluß von Verapamil um durchschnittlich 18% ab. Als Erklärungsmöglichkeit kommt eine Hemmung der calciumabhängigen Myofibrillen-ATPase auf Grund einer Herabsetzung des Calciumeinstroms in dic Zelle in Betracht, was zu einer Abnahme der Contractilität des Herzmuskels führt. Auch die myokardiale Spannungsentwicklung und die äußere Verkürzungsarbeit dürften unter dem Einfluß von Verapamil herabgesetzt sein, während die Frequenzerhöhung einen entgegengerichteten Effekt ausüben dürfte. Die CO2-Produktion sinkt zunächst wie die O2-Utilisation ab, läßt jedoch im Gegensatz dazu einen Wiederanstieg vermissen. Dies könnte durch einen myokardialen Nachholbedarf auf Grund vorausgegangener Carboxylierungsprozesse und einer CO2-Abgabe sowie einer Umstellung des myokardialen Stoffwechsels bedingt sein. Die beobachtete Frequenzerhöhung um durchschnittlich 24% ist im Rahmen der hohen Dosierung als reflektorisches Geschehen auf den Blutdruckabfall anzusehen, der vor allem auf einer peripheren Vasodilatation beruhen dürfte. Auf Grund des coronardurchblutungssteigernden und sauerstoffeinsparenden Effekts von Verapamil ist vom Prinzip her gesehen eine günstige Beeinflussung der coronaren Herzerkrankung durch dieses Arzneimittel vorstellbar.
    Notes: Summary The effect of Verapamil on coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen utilisation and carbon dioxide production was studied in 10 patients with congenital or acquired heart disease. After infusion of 0.35 mg/kg an increase in coronary blood flow of up to 65% is demonstrable with mean values reaching 30%. The effect on coronary blood flow sets in early and wears off quickly after termination of the infusion. A metabolic acidosis associated with increased glycolysis is under discussion as the basic mechanism. Under the influence of Verapamil the oxygen utilisation of the cardiac muscle shows an average diminution of 18%. Inhibition of the calcium-dependent myofibrile ATPase due to lowered calcium influx into the cell leading to reduced contractility of the heart muscle may be a possible explanation. The myocardial developed tension and the external contractile element work presumably are also reduced and thus lower the myocardial oxygen demand whereas an increased heart rate may exert an opposite effect. The CO2 production decreases, at first, as does O2-utilisation, but in contrast, it does not rise again. A CO2-debt of the cardiac muscle due to previous carboxilation and CO2 release as well as alterations in myocardial metabolism could be responsible for this. The increase in heart rate of average 24% noted at high dosages is considered the expression of the drop in blood pressure primarily due to peripheral vasodilation. Because of its ability to increase the coronary blood flow and to reduce myocardial oxygen demand it is conceivable that this drug has a favourable effect on coronary disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 1562-1566 
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A simple and rapid method for counting the number of internal disulfide bridges in a protein by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol and electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of the products was developed. 2-Mercaptoethanol yields intermediate mixed disulfides during reduction of a protein. This results in a molecular weight increase of the protein by 78 Da per disulfide bond, which can easily be determined by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS). The number of mercaptoethanol adducts observed by ESMS reveals the number of disulfide bridges in the peptide or protein. Since the protein-mercaptoethanol-disulfide bonds are themselves further reduced by excess mercaptoethanol, the course of the reaction has to be followed in order to detect the maximum number of intermediates. Owing to the volatility of mercaptoethanol, samples can be taken out of the reaction solution for MS analysis without prior purification. Successful experiments were carried out using proteins with one, two, four or six S—S-bonds, covering a mass range from about 1 to over 23 kDa.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 614-619 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: nucleic acids ; adlayer domain organization ; scanning force microscopy (SFM) ; tip, substrate and imaging procedure variation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Both DNA and RNA domains and microdomains - to a certain degree comparable to self-organizational mesophase areas - have been visualized as graphite surface adlayers by scanning force microscopy in contact force mode. More polar substrate surfaces, sharper tip geometries and tapping mode procedures proved less favourable, due to sample distortions and prevention of organization within the adlayer by dominant adhesive forces in the interface.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 20 (1985), S. 266-267 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 21 (1986), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact mass spectra of the pyrrolidides of both the cis- and trans-octylcyclohexanecarboxylic acids show the structure of the aliphatic chain, despite the steric hindrance of a direct H transfer from the chain to the functional group.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 118-122 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the nicotinates of two methyl branched and one unsaturated long chain alcohol were compared with the mass spectra of the underivatized alcohols and of their trimethylsilyl ethers. It is shown that the structure of the chain is much more clearly shown by the spectra of the nicotinates than in the other spectra.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 777-788 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of steroidal model compounds specifically designed to allow maximal as well as minimal charge localization at certain functional groups was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. The results indicate that electron deficiency at the potentially reactive site is a prequisite for any fragmentation reaction to occur to an appreciable extent. The amount of charge density required at such a site seems to vary substantially for different types of fragmentation processes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 314 (1962), S. 226-237 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Raman- and Infrared-Spectra of B2(OCH3)4 and B2[N(CH3)2]4 in the liquid state have been examined. An assignment of frequencies was made by the aid of selection rules, calculation of frequencies and spectra of related compounds. It is concluded, that B2(OCH3)4 has a planar arrangement of the sceletal atoms, with the point-group C2h. The force-constant kBO is somewhat higher than in the compound B(OCH3)3. In B2[N(CH3)2]4, the NC2. and the BN2-groups are twisted against the molecular plane.
    Notes: Es wurden die Raman- und Infrarotspektren der Verbindungen B2(OCH3)4 und B2[N(CH3)2]4 an den flüssigen Phasen gemessen. Die Zuordnung der Spektren, die sich auf Auswahlregeln, Modellberechnungen und Vergleichsspektren stützt, ermöglicht für B2(OCH3)4 den Schluß auf eine ebene Anordnung aller Gerüstatome entsprechend einer Punktgruppe C2h. Die Kraftkonstante KBO ist etwas größer als im B(OCH3)3. Für B2[N(CH3)2]4 muß eine Struktur angenommen werden, bei der die einzelnen NC2-Gruppen und die BN2-Gruppen jeweils gegeneinander verdrillt sind.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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