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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 45 (1980), S. 81-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Beryllium ; Blood analyses ; Immunology ; Human ; Animals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Frage der Dosis-Wirkungs-Relation der Berylliose wurde sowohl der Verlauf der Be-Konzentration in Blut und Urin, als auch das immunologische Verhalten der T-Lymphozyten bei einer Gruppe beruflich exponierter Menschen (〈 8 ng Be/m3, 4–6 h täglich) und einer nichtexponierten Kontrollgruppe geprüft. Mit Hilfe der optimierten flammenlosen Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie wurden als Normalwerte l,0 ± 0,4 ng Be/g (n = 10) in Blut und 0,9 ± 0,5 ng Be/g (n = 10) in Urin gefunden. Die exponierte Gruppe (n = 8) wies einen mittleren Anstieg um das 4fache auf. Die bevorzugte Anreicherung des Berylliums im Präalbumin- undγ-Globulinbereich wurde mit einer speziell entwickelten präparativen Isotachophoresesäule mit physiologischen Trenn-pH-Bedingungen nachgewiesen. Die Prüfung der spezifischen Stimulation der T-Lymphozyten ergab gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe eine signifikant erhöhte Transformationsrate. Die Untersuchung von Blut- und Urinproben Be exponierter Wistarratten und Meerschweinchen (2–40 mg Be/m3 als Be(NO3)2-Aerosol) ergab Be-Werte im Serum bis 36 ng Be/g, in Urin bis 300 ng Be/g. Die Menge der isotachophoretisch getrennten Fraktion derγ-Globuline von Meerschweinchen war nach der Exposition erhöht und nicht mit erhöhten Be-Gehalten in dieser Fraktion korrelierbar. Wie bei der in vitro-Zugabe von Be zu Vollblut befand sich das Be (10–100 ng/g Serum) zu 70% in der Präalbuminfraktion und nur zu etwa 1% imγ-Globulin. Die Lymphozytentransformationsrate war bei exponierten Tiergruppen erhöht, die zusätzlich durchgeführten Hautteste waren bei Ratten zu 70% und bei Meerschweinchen zu 50–70% positiv.
    Notes: Abstract The question of dose-effect relations of berylliosis was examined by measuring the Be-concentration in blood and urine, as well as the immunological behaviour of T-lymphocytes for a group of occupationally exposed men (〈 8 ng Be/m3,4–6 h daily) and a non-exposed control group. Normal values 1.0 ± 0.4 ng Be/g(n = 10) in blood and 0.9 ± 0.5 ng Be/g(n = 10)in urine were found by an optimized flameless atomic absorption spectrometry method. The corresponding values for the exposed group (n = 8) showed a mean increase of a factor of 4. The preferential enrichment of Be in the prealbumin and in theγ-globulin fractions was determined by a preparative isotachophoretic column with physiological pH conditions, especially developed for this application. The Be-specific stimulation of the T-lymphocytes of the exposed group was increased significantly. In blood and urine samples of exposed (2–40 mg Be/m3 as Be(NO3)2)Wistarrats and guinea pigs Be values up to 36 ng Be/g in serum and up to 300 ng Be/g in urine were determined. After Be exposure, guinea pig serum showed a significant increase in theγ-globulins after the isotachophoretical separation of the serum proteins, which could not be correlated with increased Be-levels in this fraction. 70% of the total Be (10–100 ng/g serum) were detected in the prealbumin, only about 1% in theγ-globulin fraction. The same results were found in serum samples with in vitro addition of He. The lymphocyte transformation rates for the exposed animals were increased. Skin tests were found to be positive in 70% for exposed rats and in 50–70% for guinea pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 101-110 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A New Synthesis of 6H-1,3-ThiazinesA new method for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazines is described. The addition of nucleophiles to γ-isothiocyanatoallylchlorides (1a-j) leads to functionalisation and subsequent cyclisation (nucleophilic cyclofunctionalisation). Reaction of secondary amines or alcohols under catalysis by tert. amines gives numerous 2-dialkylamino- (3a-w) or 2-alkoxy-6H-1,3-thiazines (4a-p).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 433-442 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Characterization of Polychlorinated IsobutenesThe preparation of polychlorinated methallylic chlorides by continuous chlorination of isobutene with different ratios of chlorine and following HCl-elimination is described. The structure is proved by reaction of the polychlorinated isobutenes with sodium thiolacetate and potassium thiocyanate and by spectroscopic methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 687-693 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Methylated Fencholenic and α-Campholenic Aldehyde - Synthesis and ReactionsThe syntheses of α-methylated fencholenic (6a) and α-campholenic aldehyde (6b) via the corresponding azomethines (5) are reported. Aldol condensations of 6a, b with following reductions give the allylic alcohols (12-16) and hydrogenation the saturated alcohols (17-21) with strong woody odors, some of the allylic alcohols resembling that of sandal wood. Simple reduction or oxidation of 6a, b give the alcohols (24, 27), ethers (26), esters (23, 25, 28) and ketones (29) which have interesting woody odors with spicy, earthy and herbaceous notes.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 311 (1969), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Als Testsubstanzen zur Untersuchung der Abbauprodukte von Diacetylen-MANNICH-Basen-methojodiden mit wäßriger Kalilauge wurden die isomeren Octendiine und Nonendiine 1-3 synthetisiert und deren gaschromatographische Identifizierung untersucht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 317 (1975), S. 169-171 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 318 (1976), S. 381-389 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Phenyl-substituted Alkene-diynes by Alkaline Degradation of Quaternary Salts of Mannich Bases Derived from Phenyl-alka-1,3-diynesIsomeric phenyl- and p-methoxyphenylsubstituted hexenediynes are formed by alkaline degradation of quaternary salts of aryldiacetylene-Mannich bases. The reaction is a diethynylogic Hofmann elimination. The degradation with sodium amide mainly results in the formation of trans-alkenediynes with a terminal triple bond. Using aqueous potassium hydroxide, the degradation yields the isomers with terminal double bond exclusively. This is in contrast to the reaction of aliphatic diacetylene-Mannich base methoiodides.
    Notes: Isomere Phenyl- und p-Methoxyphenylhexendiine werden durch alkalischen Abbau quartärer Salze von Aryldiacetylen-Mannichbasen über eine diäthinyloge Eliminierung erhalten. Der Abbau mit Natriumamid ergibt bevorzugt die Alkendiine mit endständiger Dreifachbindung in der trans-Konfiguration. Beim Abbau mit wäßriger Kalilauge entstehen im Gegensatz zu den nicht phenylsubstituierten Diacetylen-Mannichbasen ausschließlich die Isomeren mit endständiger Doppelbindung.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 799-806 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reaction of Strong Bases with Quaternary Methallylammonium Compounds. V. The Base-Promoted Rearrangement of N-Methallyl-N-methylpiperidiniumiodide and -morpholiniumiodideThe competition of STEVENS rearrangement and HOFMANN degradation with ring opening of the two title compounds was studied using sodium amide, methylsulfinyl-carbanion, and butyllithium, respectively. The reaction of N-methallyl-N-methylpiperidinium iodide with sodium amide and methylsulfinyl-carbanion mainly yields a [3,2]-but with butyllithium mainly a [1,2]- STEVENS rearrangement. N-Methallyl-N-methylmorpholinium iodide exclusively yields the elimination product without any rearrangement.
    Notes: Es wird die Konkurrenz von STEVENS-Umlagerung und Eliminierung mit Ringöffnung bei der Einwirkung von Natriumamid, Methylsulfinyl-carbanion oder Butyllithium auf die Titelverbindungen untersucht. Natriumamid und Methylsulfinyl-carbanion ergeben bei der Einwirkung auf N-Methallyl-N-methylpiperidiniumjodid bevorzugt eine [3,2]-, mit Butyllithium dagegen hauptsächlich eine [1,2]-STEVENS-Umlagerung. N-Methallyl-N-methylmorpholiniumjodid liefert ausschließlich das Morpholin-Ringöffnungsprodukt und keine Umlagerung.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 318 (1976), S. 1008-1018 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Action of Strong Bases on Quaternary Methallylammonium Compounds. III. Base-initiated Rearrangement of Methyldialkyl- and Trialkylmethallylammonium SaltsMethyl-diethyl-, methyl-dipropyl- and methyl-dibutyl-methallylammoniumiodide rearrange in the presence of sodium amide, sodium methylsulfinylcarbanion or butyllithium to give mainly the products of the [1,2]-Stevens-rearrangement with methallyl-ylid as an intermediate. Products of [1,2]-rearrangement of the bulky alkyl-groups with alkyl-ylid as an intermediate are formed in small amounts.In contrast to this and to the known degradation of trimethyl- and dimethylalkyl-methyallyl-ammonium salts the action of the bases on triethyl-, tripropyl- and tributyl-methallylammonium salts gives also the [1,4]-besides the [1,2]-rearrangement.
    Notes: Methyl-diäthyl-, Methyl-dipropyl- und Methyl-dibutyl-methallyl-ammoniumjodid liefern bei der Einwirkung von Natriumamid, Methylsulfinyl-carbanion oder Butyllithium bevorzugt [1,2]-Stevens-Umlagerungsprodukt über das Methallyl-Ylid. [1,2]-Verschiebungen der größeren Alkylgruppen über Alkyl-Ylide konnten nur in geringem Maße festgestellt werden.Im Gegensatz dazu und zu den schon früher beschriebenen Abbaureaktionen von Trimethyl- und Dimethylalkyl-methallyl-ammoniumsalzen wurden durch die Baseneinwirkung auf Triäthyl-, Tripropyl- und Tributyl-methallyl-ammoniumhalogenide zusätzlich zu den [1,2]- in größerem Umfang auch [1,4]-Umlagerungen nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 463-474 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with 1,3-Dichloro-2-methylenepropane. III. Synthesis and Reactions of 1,3-Diamino-2-methylenepropanes1,3-Bis(dialkylamino)-2-methylenepropanes are obtained by reaction of the chlorination product of isobutene with secondary amines. The synthesis of 1,3-diamino-2-methylenepropane succeeds by Gabrielsynthesis, by reaction of 1,3-diiodo-2-methylenepropane with liquid ammonia and by dehydration of 1,3-diamino-2-methyl-2-propanol, obtained from methallylchloride. The use of 1,3-diamino-2-methylenepropane as a C3N2-reagent for the synthesis of heteroalicycles is described.
    Notes: Bis(dialkylamino)-2-methylenpropane werden aus dem Isobutenchlorierungsprodukt durch Umsetzung mit sekundären Aminen erhalten. Die Synthese des 1,3-Diamino-2-methylenpropans gelingt durch Gabriel-Synthese, durch Aminierung des 1,3-Dijod-2-methylenpropans und durch Dehydratisierung des aus Methallylchlorid erhältlichen 1,3-Diamino-2-methylpropanols-(2). Die Verwendung des 1,3-Diamino-2-methylenpropans als C3N2-Baustein für Heteroalicyclensynthesen wird beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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