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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • Childhood tumor  (2)
  • Histamine  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 41 (1995), S. 331-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Chimeric antibody ; Elimination ; Kinetics ; Half-life ; Childhood tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive analysis of the pharmacokinetics of human-mouse chimeric anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody mAb ch 14.18 was performed during a phase I clinical trial of ten children with neuroblastoma and one adult with osteosarcoma. The patients received a total of 20 courses of ch 14.18 at dose levels from 10 mg/m2 to 200 mg/m2. The plasma clearance of ch 14.18 was biphasic. Following the first course of treatmentt1/2,α was 3.4±3.1 h andt1/2,β 66.6±27.4 h in 9/10 children. Thet1/2,β values were significantly less than those of 181±73 h previously reported in adult melanoma patients (P〈-0.001), and 147.5 h in the adult osteosarcoma patient in our trial. The latter suggests different pharmacokinetics of mAb ch 14.18 in children and adults. After a second course of treatment, administered to 5/10 children,t1/2,β decreased significantly from 72.9±19.8 h to 31.7±18.4 h (P=0.015). We there-fore conclude that the elimination kinetics of mAbs ch 14.18 in children and adults are different, and furthermore that repeated administration of mAb ch 14.18 to children with neuroblastoma leads to accelerated antibody clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 365-369 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fluorescence videomicroscopy ; Histamine ; Cetirizine ; sodium fluorescein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new technique which combines skin microinjection of minute amounts of drugs (0.5 μl) and measurement of capillary permeability by intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy and densitometry is introduced. Glass micropipettes with a tip diameter of 7–9 μm are inserted by a micromanipulator into the stratum papillare containing the capillary loops and used for microinjection by microsyringe and special dispenser. Transcapillary diffusion of sodium fluorescein applied by intravenous bolus injection is visualised by fluorescence videomicroscopy and stored on videotape. Perivascular fluorescent light intensity (FLI) is measured in arbitrary units (AU) by videodensitometry around the site of microinjection during playback of the videotapes. The method was tested by microinjection of 0.5 μl histamine (1‰ solution) at the distal tibial plateau. Mean FLI values representing microvascular permeability were 2186 AU 10 min after microinjection of histamine, 420 AU after physiologic saline and 1228 AU after histamine combined with oral intake of 20 mg cetirizine. Cetirizine significantly reduced (P〈0.01) the increased permeability induced by histamine. However, the mean values after injection of the H1-blocker were still significantly enhanced (P〈0.01) when compared to the mean values observed after injection of physiologic saline solution, which provoked only minor microtrauma. The technique offers new scope for pharmacological testing in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 41 (1996), S. 331-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Chimeric antibody ; Elimination ; Kinetics ; Half-life ; Childhood tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A comprehensive analysis of the pharmacokinetics of human-mouse chimeric anti-ganglioside GD2 antibody mAb ch14.18 was performed during a phase I clinical trial of ten children with neuroblastoma and one adult with osteosarcoma. The patients received a total of 20 courses of ch14.18 at dose levels from 10 mg/m2 to 200 mg/m2. The plasma clearance of ch14.18 was biphasic. Following the first course of treatment t 1/2, α was 3.4±3.1 h and t 1/2, β 66.6±27.4 h in 9/10 children. The t 1/2, β values were significantly less than those of 181±73 h previously reported in adult melanoma patients (P≤ 0.001), and 147.5 h in the adult osteosarcoma patient in our trial. The latter suggests different pharmacokinetics of mAb ch14.18 in children and adults. After a second course of treatment, administered to 5/10 children, t1/2, β decreased significantly from 72.9±19.8 h to 31.7±18.4 h (P = 0.015). We therefore conclude that the elimination kinetics of mAbs ch14.18 in children and adults are different, and furthermore that repeated administration of mAb ch14.18 to children with neuroblastoma leads to accelerated antibody clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 365-369 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Fluorescence videomicroscopy ; Histamine ; Cetirizine; sodium fluorescein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new technique which combines skin micro injection of minute amounts of drugs (0.5 μl) and measurement of capillary permeability by intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy and densitometry is introduced. Glass micropipettes with a tip diameter of 7–9 μm are inserted by a micromanipulator into the stratum papillare containing the capillary loops and used for microinjection by microsyringe and special dispenser. Transcapillary diffusion of sodium fluorescein applied by intravenous bolus injection is visualised by fluorescence videomicroscopy and stored on videotape. Perivascular fluorescent light intensity (FLI) is measured in arbitrary units (AU) by videodensitometry around the site of microinjection during playback of the videotapes. The method was tested by microinjection of 0.5 μl histamine (1‰ solution) at the distal tibial plateau. Mean FLI values representing microvascular permeability were 2186 AU 10 min after microinjection of histamine, 420 AU after physiologic saline and 1228 AU after histamine combined with oral intake of 20 mg cetirizine. Cetirizine significantly reduced (P 〈 0.01) the increased permeability induced by histamine. However, the mean values after injection of the H1-blocker were still significantly enhanced (P 〈 0.01) when compared to the mean values observed after injection of physiologic saline solution, which provoked only minor microtrauma. The technique offers new scope for pharmacological testing in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Blends aus Polystyrol (PS) und Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) sind aus thermodynamischen Gründen unverträglich und weisen deshalb nur schlechte mechanische Eigenschaften wie mangelnde Schlagzähigkeits- und Reißdehnungswerte auf. Der Grund hierfür liegt in der Natur der Grenzfläche solcher unverträglicher, heterogener Polymer-Blends. Hohe Grenzflächenspannungen und eine geringe Phasenadhäsion führen zu groben Phasenmorphologien, die kinetisch und thermodynamisch instabil sind. Jedoch gelingt es mit maßgeschneiderten Block-Pfropfcopolymeren P(S-b-(B-g-CHMA, MMA)) auf Basis von Styrol/Butadien-Blockcopolymeren P(S-b-B), auf die Polycyclohexylmethacrylat (PCHMA) oder Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) radikalisch ge-pfropft wurden, die Phasenmorphologien drastisch zu verfeinern, was zu einem duktilen Verhalten der modifizierten Blends führt. So steigt die Schlagzähigkeit von modifizierten gegenüber nicht modifizierten PS/PVC-Blends um den Faktor 10 und bewegt sich damit im Bereich von zähmodifiziertem PS.Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen (TEM, REM) beweisen, daß die drastisch verbesserten Eigenschaften der modifizierten PS/PVC-Blends auf einer Grenzflächenselektivität der Block-Pfropfcopolymeren und einer ausgezeichneten Phasenanbindung beruhen.
    Notes: Blends composed of polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) are incompatible due to unfavourable interactions. Consequently, their mechanical properties such as impact strength and elongation at break are only very poor. The key to successfully influence the properties of such heterogeneous blends lies in the control of the interface. High interface tensions and an insufficient phase adhesion often lead to coarse phase morphologies which are thermodynamically and kinetically unstable. However, with radically synthesized, tailor made block-graft copolymers P(S-b-(B-g-CHMA, MMA)) based on a styrene/butadiene two-block copolymer P(S-b-B) which are grafted with poly(cyclohexylmethacrylate) (PCHMA) or poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), the phase morphology can be markedly refined and the blends surprisingly show ductile behaviour. Thus, the impact strength of so modified PS/PVC 1 : 1 blends is about ten times higher than in the unmodified case and is thereby similar to impact modified PS.Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) reveals that the modified PS/PVC blends owe their improved mechanical properties to the interface selectivity of the block-graft copolymers and therefore to a superior phase adhesion.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 188-198 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Possible models of the reaction mechanism and discussion of the functions of passivating additions during the chemical passivation of iron in weakly acid, neutral and basic pH rangesA model has been developed describing the reactions occurring during chemical passivation of an oxide free iron surface in the pH-range weakly acid, neutral, basic. It covers the region approximately up to the Flade potential, i. e. the socalled region of incomplete passivity where Fe2+-species still pass into the solution. The model is based on facts known about the composition of the passive layer, about the conditions of synthesis, the composition and oxidizability of magnetite and about structural conceptions of its formation. Finally the model and experimental results are used to discuss the rǒle the constituent parts of chemically passivating systems of the type - oxidant/nonoxidizing agent - play in realizing passivation.
    Notes: Es wurde ein Modell für den Reaktionsverlauf bei der chemischen Passivierung einer zunächst oxidfreien Eisenoberfläche im pH-Bereich schwach sauer, neutral, basisch entwickelt. Es berücksichtigt die Vorgänge unterhalb des Fladepotentials, d. h. den Bereich unvollständiger Passivität, in dem noch Fe2+-Species in die Lösung übertreten. Als Grundlage wurden bekannte Fakten über die Zusammensetzung der Passivschicht, über die Synthesebedingungen, die Zusammensetzung und die Oxidierbarkeit von Magnetit sowie strukturchemische Vorstellungen zu seiner Bildung verwendet. Auf der Basis des Modells und experimenteller Ergebnisse werden schließlich die Funktionen der Bestandteile chemisch passivierender Systeme vom Typ - Oxydationsmittel/nichtoxydierender Zusatz - in dieser Phase der Passivierung diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) was mixed with various poly(methacrylate)s, poly(carbonate)s and polymers containing nitrile groups (poly(acrylonitrile), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile), nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber) and/or C — C double bonds (nitrile rubber, high-impact poly(styrene)). The thermal stability was measured at 180°C in nitrogen, and the evolved HCl was detected by conductometry.It is shown that the nature of the ester group and the content of nitrile groups and C - C double bonds are the dominating factors for the thermal stability of poly(vinylchloride) in these blends. An influence of the miscibility of PVC with the various blend components on the thermal stability can not be clearly detected.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used as a powerful method to study the stabilizer distribution of heterogeneous PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and PVC/poly(methylacrylate) blends. It is shown that the stabilizer can be solubilized either in the PVC phase (PVC/poly(methylacrylate)) or in both phases of the blends PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)).
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1228-1229 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 302-308 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into the efficiency of benzyl-n-propyl sulfide as a corrosion inhibitor in acid solutionsInvestigations made so far into thioethers have shown that benzyl and phenyl sulfides, though being comparable from a structural point of views, may have very different inhibiting effects in the system iron-mineral acid. An attempt has therefore been undertaken to obtain further information about sorption and inhibition processes by using benzyl-n-propyl sulfide labelled with 35S. The protective effect of benzyl-n-propyl sulfide has been determined in sulfuric and hydrochloric acids under varying conditions of concentration, time, temperature and anions present, and the amount of inhibitor adsorbed to the metal surface was simultaneously measured. Other measurements were concerned with the adsorption of labelled anions from pickling acids with and without inhibitor.
    Notes: Bisherige Untersuchungen an Thioäthern zeigten, daß strukturell vergleichbare Benzyl- und Phenyl-sulfide im System Eisen/Mineralsäure sehr unterschiedliche Sparbeizeigenschaften besitzen. Deshalb wurde versucht, durch Einsatz von 35S-markiertem Benzyl-n-propylsulfid weiteren Aufschluß über den Ablauf der Sorptions- und Inhibitionsvorgänge zu erhalten. Es wurde die Schutzwirkung des Benzyl-n-propylsulfids in H2So4 und HC unter variierten Bedingungen (Konzentration, Zeit, Temperatur. Anioneneinfluß) bei gleichzeitiger Messung der adsorbierten Inhibitormenge an der Metalloberfläche ermittelt. Außerdem wurde auch die Adsorption radioaktiv markierter Anionen aus den Beizsäuren mit und ohne Inhibitor an der Metalloberfläche gemessen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 48 (1997), S. 553-561 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The efficiency of rubber toughening of PSAN depends on the size of the rubber particles, their agglomeration, the deformation rate, the temperature, and the orientation of the polymer molecules. Large particles are more effective than small particles. By a suitable choice of processing, however, small particles can agglomerate, forming large soft units and improving in this way impact toughness. At high deformation rates crazing or/and stretching of the matrix wall between the rubber particles must be activated for ductility, otherwise the material is brittle. The temperature at impact must be above the glass transition temperature of the rubbery phase for toughening. Increasing the orientation of the material decreases the tendency for craze formation with the consequence of embrittlement, if stretching is not activated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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