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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 381 (1996), S. 212-217 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Aortoiliakale Erkrankung ; Atherosklerose ; Chirurgie extraanatomische Revaskularisierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 51 axillofemorale By-passoperationen aus dem Zeitraum Januar 1989 bis Dezember 1994 retrospektiv analysiert. Die postoperative Mortalitätsrate (nach 30 Tagen) betrug 4%. Bei 7 Patienten (14%) traten am Graft Komplikationen ein, so daß 6 von ihnen reoperiert werden mußten. In die Nachuntersuchung (mittleres Follow-up: 36 Monate, Spanne: 16–74 Monate) konnten 5 Patienten nicht einbezogen werden. Während der Follow-up-Periode verstarben 49% der Patienten. Nach 36 Monaten betrug die primäre Durchflußwiederherstellungsrate 51%, die sekundäre 69%, die Sanierungsrate im betroffenen Glied 87%. Statistisch gab es nach 36 Monaten bei der sekundären Durchflußwiederherstellungsrate einen Unterschied zwischen axillo-bifemoralen (87%) und axillo-uni-femoralem Bypass (56%) (p〈0,01), aber hinsichtlich der Heilungsrate gab es zu diesem Zeitpunkt zwischen den beiden Bypass-Arten keinen signifikanten Unterschied (94% vs. 81%). Die postoperative Mortalitätsrate war bei 20 Patienten (40%), die wegen akuter Ischämie operiert worden waren, signifikant höher (10% vs. 0%); ebenso die Amputationsrate (20% vs. 6,6%); signifikant niedriger hingegen war die Durchflußwiederherstellungsrate nach Bypass (26% vs. 63%) (p〈0,01) —im Vergleich zu 30 Patienten (60%), die wegen Claudicatio, Ruheschmerz oder trophischen Ulzera operiert worden waren. Nach unseren Untersuchungen sind die Ergebnisse bei axillofemoralen Bypassoperationen entscheidend abhängig von der Auswahl der Patienten gemäß klinischem Zustand und ischämischen Symptomen. Die Gesamtergebnisse nach axillofemoralem Bypass sind schlechter als nach aortofemoralem Bypass, und darum sollte die erstgenannte Operation nur bei Patienten angewendet werden, bei denen die Abklemmung der Aorta ein hohes Risiko darstellen würde.
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to review our results with axillofemoral by-passes performed for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Fifty patients receiving 51 axillofemoral by-passes from January 1989 to December 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. The 30-day post-operative mortality was 4%. Seven patients (14%) presented graft-related local complications and all but one required reoperation. Five patients were lost to follow-up, the mean length of which was 36 months (16–74 months). Forty-nine per cent of the patients died during the follow-up period. At 36 months, the primary patency rate was 51%, the secondary patency rate was 69%, and limb valvage rate was 87%. A statistical difference was seen in the secondary patency rate between axillobifemoral by-pass (87%) and axillo-unifemoral by-pass (56%) at 36 months (P〈0.01), but no difference was seen in the limb salvage rate at 36 months between the two configurations of the by-pass (94% vs 81 %) (P=NS). Twenty patients (40%) operated upon for acute ischemia had a significantly higher post-operative mortality rate (10% vs 0), a significantly higher amputation rate (20% vs 6.6%) and a significantly lower patency rate of by-pass (26% vs 63%) (P〈0.01), than the 30 patients (60%) operated on for claudication, rest pain or trophic ulcers. Our findings indicate that the results of axillofemoral by-pass are significantly influenced by the selection of patients for operation, namely the clinical status of ischaemic symptoms, and that since the overall results of axillofemoral by-pass are inferior to those of aortofemoral by-pass, this treatment should be restricted to patients at high risk of aortic clamping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; EEG ; Coherence Movement-related potentials ; Reaction time ; Cognitive impairment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Il coinvolgimento cognitivo è una frequente complicanza della sclerosi multipla (SM), generalmente come demenza sottocorticale. Al fine di valutare le connessioni funzionali cortico-corticali nella SM, abbiamo studiato la coerenza dell'elettroencefalogramma (EEG) in un gruppo di 21 pazienti con SM clinicamente deftnita. I pazienti sono stati inoltre sottoposti a risonanza magnetica (RM) e valutazione neuropsicologica. I pazienti con deficit cognitivi presentavano, rispetto ai pazienti senza deficit, una riduzione della coerenza di banda alfa e theta, nelle derivazioni a breve e a lunga distanza. La coerenza anteroposteriore ed interemisferica era significativamente correlata col cortco lesionale RM immediatamente sottostante la corteccia e non con le lesioni periventricolari. Questi dati supportano l'ipotesi the il coinvolgimento cognitivo nella sclerosi multipla sia principalmente correlato a demielinizzazione o perdita assonale delle connessioni cortico-corticali. In un altro studio abbiamo valutato i correaaai neuropsicologici dei deficit frontali. I lobi frontali hanno un ruolo fondamentale nella programmazione ed esecuzione del movimento. Abbiamo valutato il potenziale movimento-correlato (MRP) in pazienti SM con e senza deficit frontali. Il tempo di reazione manuale al test di Stroop, the valuta le funzioni esecutive, e le componenti del MRP erano ritardate in entrambi i gruppi di pazienti rispetto ai soggetti normali e nei pazienti frontali rispetto ai non frontali. Questi dati suggeriscono the il coinvolgimento cognitivo frontale nella SM corrisponde a un'alterazione dell'attività bioelettrica anche durante un compito motorio semplice.
    Notes: Abstract Cognitive impairment is a frequent complication of multiple sclerosis (MS), generally reflecting subcortical dementia. In order to explore functional cortico-cortical connections in MS, we studied electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence in a group of 21 clinically defined MS patients. Patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological examinations. Compared to unimpaired MS patients, cognitively involved patients had reduced short-distance and long-distance theta and alpha band coherencies. Anteroposterior and interhemispheric coherencies were significantly correlated with MRI lesion load immediately underlying cortex but not were exclusively associated with periventricular lesions. These data support the hypothesis that cognitive impairment in MS is mostly related to demyelination or axonal loss of cortico-cortical connections. In a second study, we evaluated the neurophysiological correlates of frontal lobe dysfunction. Frontal lobes are also involved in motor planning and execution. We evaluated the EEG movement-related potential (MRP) in MS patients with and without frontal neuropsychological deficits. Reaction times to the Stroop test, which evaluates frontal functions, and MRP components were delayed in both MS groups compared to normal subjects and in frontal compared to nonfrontal MS patients. These data suggest that frontal cognitive involvement in MS corresponds to abnormal bioelectrical activity also during simple motor tasks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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