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  • Stress  (8)
  • Chronic mild stress  (4)
  • Dopamine antagonists  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reappraisal of the interaction between tricyclic antidepressants and reserpine-like drugs (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 58 (1978), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressants ; Desmethylimipramine ; Reserpine-like drugs ; Tetrabenazine ; Dopamine antagonists ; Noradrenaline antagonists ; Locomotor activity ; Stereotyped behaviour ; Rats ; Animal models of depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The administration of tricyclic antidepressants followed by reserpine-like drugs elicits a pattern of stereotyped locomotor activity. Using desmethylimipramine (DMI) followed by tetrabenazine (TBZ), activity could be reliably elicited only in young rats, and only by using very high doses of TBZ. The latency of onset of activity was up to 5h. Animals rendered active by DMI-TBZ failed to perform a wellestablished operant task. The activity syndrome was apparently unaffected by pre- or posttreatment with the dopamine antagonists spiroperidol or pimozide, but partial antagonism was obtained with the noradrenaline antagonists phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine. The findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of the effect and its relevance to the clinical action of tricyclic antidepressants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426790
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity in an animal model of depression (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; DMI ; Sucrose preference ; Microstructural analysis ; Apomorphine ; Eating time ; Eating rate ; Dopamine autoreceptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats exposed for 6 weeks to a variety of mild unpredictable stressors showed reduced consumption of a preferred sucrose solution. The deficit was apparent after 1 week of stress and was maintained for at least 2 weeks after termination of the stress regime. Sucrose preference was unaffected by 2 weeks of treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant DMI but returned to normal after 3 weeks of DMI treatment. Subsensitivity to the anorexic effect of a low dose of apomorphine was seen in vehicle-treated stressed animals, and in unstressed animals following withdrawal from DMI. In both cases, the changes resulted from a failure of apomorphine to reduce eating time (rather than from changes in eating rate); this effect is assumed to represent a subsensitive response to stimulation of dopamine cell body autoreceptors. As the same effect is seen in anhedonic stressed animals and in animals withdrawn from DMI, it is concluded that dopamine autoreceptor desensitization probably does not contribute to clinical improvement following chronic antidepressant treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212853
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by the atypical antidepressants, fluoxetine and maprotiline (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 109 (1992), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Sucrose drinking ; Place preference conditioning ; Reward ; Fluoxetine ; Maprotiline ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to depress the consumption of palatable sweet solutions. In the present study this effect was reversed by chronic (9 weeks) treatment with the atypical antidepressants, fluoxetine and maprotiline (5 mg/kg/day); the non-antidepressant chlordiazepoxide was ineffective. Stressed animals were also subsensitive to food reward in the place conditioning procedure; however, fluoxetine and maprotiline treated animals showed normal place preference conditioning. Acute pretreatment with raclopride (100 µg/kg) selectively reversed the recovery of sucrose drinking in antidepressant-treated stressed animals. These results extend previous reports of the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in this paradigm, and support the hypothesis of a dopaminergic mechanism of antidepressant action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247719
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereospecific reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by mianserin and its (+)-enantiomer (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 116 (1994), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chronic mild stress ; Anhedonia ; Sucrose drinking ; Place conditioning ; Mianserin ; (+)-Mianserin ; Dopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic sequential exposure to a variety of mild unpredictable stressors has previously been found to depress the consumption of a dilute (1%) sucrose solution and to inhibit food-induced place preference conditioning. In the present study, using a simplified version of the mild stress procedure, the decreased sucrose intake was reversed by chronic (4 weeks) treatment with the atypical antidepressant mianserin. The racemic compound (±)-mianserin (5 mg/kg per day) and one of its enantiomers, (+)-mianserin (2.5 mg/kg) were effective in this model; a lower dose of (±)-mianserin (2.5 mg/kg), and the other enantiomer, (−)-mianserin (2.5 mg/kg), were ineffective. Vehicle-treated stressed animals were also subsensitive to food reward in the place conditioning procedure: normal place preference conditioning was reinstated by chronic treatment with (±)-mianserin (5 mg/kg) or (+)-mianserin, but not by the lower dose of (±)-mianserin (2.5 mg/kg) or by (−)-mianserin. Raclopride (100 µg/kg) reinstated the decrease in sucrose intake in stressed animals successfully treated with (±)- or (+)-mianserin. The results suggest that (+)-mianserin is the active enantiomer in reversing chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia, and further support the hypothesis of a dopaminergic mechanism of antidepressant action in this paradigm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247488
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of sucrose consumption in mice by chronic mild stress and its restoration by imipramine (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chronic mild stress ; Sucrose ; Reward Anhedonia ; Imipramine ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stressors (CMS) has previously been found to reduce the consumption of palatable, sweet solutions in rats. In the present study, the utility of this procedure was assessed in mice. Male AP mice subjected to CMS showed reduced consumption of a 2% or 4% sucrose solution. This effect was reversed by chronic (3 weeks) treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (20 mg/kg per day). These results extend previous reports of a generalized decrease in sensitivity to reward (anhedonia) in rats caused by CMS and the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in this paradigm. Chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice appears to provide a realistic animal model of depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A matching law analysis of the effects of dopamine receptor antagonists (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 560-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Herrnstein's equation ; Dopamine antagonists ; Reinforcement ; Motor capacity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Herrnstein's matching equation was used to analyze drug effects on performance in random interval reinforcement schedules. Pimozide caused effects compatible with both motor and motivational impairments, in a 5-component multiple schedule, a 3-schedule 3-day cycle (ALT-3), and a 2-schedule 2-day cycle (ALT-2). However, at low doses, both sulpiride and SCH-23390, tested in the ALT-3 and ALT-2 procedures, caused effects compatible with selective motivational impairments. In experiments using the non-multiple schedules, motivational effects increased during the course of the experimental session, under all three drugs. The interpretation of “motor” and “motivational” deficits in the ALT-2 procedure was validated by experiments in which the response-force and deprivation level were systematically varied. The results support the view that dopamine may be involved in the maintenance of rewarded behaviour, but do not differentially implicate the D1 or the D2 receptor subtype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244238
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    8-OH-DPAT-induced place preference and place aversion: effects of PCPA and dopamine antagonists (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: 8-OH-DPAT-PCPA ; Dopamine antagonists ; Conditioned place preference ; Conditioned place aversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low doses of 8-OH-DPAT (62.5–250 µg/kg) were reinforcing in the place preference conditioning procedure, while a higher dose (1 mg/kg) supported a conditioned place aversion. The 5-HT synthesis inhibitor PCPA, and the DA antagonists pimozide and sulpiride, had no effect when administered alone, but abolished the 8-OH-DPAT-induced place preference. However, neither PCPA nor pimozide altered the 8-OH-DPAT-induced place aversion. The results are consistent with other evidence showing that 8-OH-DPAT acts through different mechanisms at low and high doses, and support the hypothesis that low doses of 8-OH-DPAT act through 5-HT neurons to disinhibit dopaminergic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244082
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltammetric evidence that subsensitivity to reward following chronic mild stress is associated with increased release of mesolimbic dopamine (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 105 (1991), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chronic mild stress ; Sucrose reward ; Voltammetry ; Dopamine release ; Autoreceptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress caused a decrease in rats' consumption of a palatable weak sucrose solution, which was reversed by chronic (5 weeks) administration of imipramine (5 mg/kg/day). Dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and caudate putamen (CPu) was measured in vivo using fast cyclic voltammetry, following electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. Experiments were performed under chloral hydrate anaesthesia 48 h after the termination of stress and the final imipramine injection. DA release was increased in the NAc of both stressed and imipramine-treated animals; imipramine did not normalize the increased DA release in stressed animals. In a further experiment, brain slices from stressed animals tended to be subsensitive to the inhibition of DA release in the NAc by quinpirole. No changes were observed in the CPu in any experiment. We discuss the relationship of these effects to stress-induced anhedonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244322
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subsensitivity to rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects of a dopamine agonist following chronic mild stress (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 152-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Place preference conditioning ; Reward-Locomotor activity ; Amphetamine ; Quinpirole ; Dopamine ; D2 receptor ; Nucleus accumbens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to reduce or abolish the acquisition of place preference conditioning. In the present study, chronic mild stress was found to abolish the acquisition of preferences for a distinctive environment paired with systemic administration of amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or quinpirole (100–400 µg/kg) or with quinpirole (0.75 µg) administered bilaterally within the nucleus accumbens. The locomotor stimulant effects of quinpirole (100–400 µg/kg) were also attenuated in stressed animals. The results suggest that decreased sensitivity to reward following chronic mild stress results from a decreased sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors within the nucleus accumbens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246965
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of antidepressant action by dopamine antagonists in an animal model of depression (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Sucrose ; Saccharin ; Antidepressant ; Desmethylimipramine ; Amitriptyline ; Dopamine ; SCH-23390 ; Sulpiride ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats subjected chronically (12 weeks) to a variety of mild, unpredictable stressors showed a reduced consumption of sucrose or a sucrose/saccharin mixture in two-bottle consumption tests (sweet solution versus water). The deficit was apparent within 2 weeks of stress; normal behaviour was restored by chronic (7 weeks) treatment with the tricyclic antidepressants desmethylimipramine (DMI) or amitriptyline (AMI). Acute administration of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 1 week after withdrawal, or the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride 2 weeks after withdrawal, were without effect in vehicle-treated stressed animals, and in non-stressed animals. However, the DA antagonists selectively reversed the improvement of performance in DMI- or AMI-treated stressed animals. This suggests that an increase in functional activity at DA synapses is the mechanism of action of DMI and AMI in this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245655
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