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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Cyclosporine A induced a highly significant additional increase in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and elevated clearly the blood pressure in the genetically related normotensive controls, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, after both single (i.v.) and long-term administration (oral).2. Acceleration of rise in blood pressure by cyclosporine is caused by sympatho-adrenal activation. Evidence for this mechanism of action came from the following pharmacological interventions: After chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine increase in blood pressure by cyclosporine was significantly reduced. Depletion of catecholamine stores by reserpine also diminished significantly the cyclosporine induced hypertension. Selective cyladrenergic receptor blockade by prazosin blunted acute hypertension induced by cyclosporine.3. Norepinephrine concentrations in the spleen of both WKY and SHR were reduced by long-term administration of cyclosporine. In the kidneys of WKY rats the level of norepinephrine was decreased but increased in the kidneys of SHR after long-term administration of cyclosporine.4. Also the immunosuppressive agent FK506 with a macrolide-like structure induced acute hypertension in normotensive rats. The hypertensive effect was blunted by the vasoselective calcium channel blocker felodipine.5. It is concluded that immunosuppressive agents like cyclosporine or FK506 activate the sympatho-adrenal system in normotensive and genetically hypertensive rats, thereby inducing hypertension. The mechanism of action may contribute to the hypertension seen in patients treated with cyclosporine after transplantation of heart, kidney or liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 16 (1984), S. 26 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 525 (1990), S. 484-489 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 305 (1984), S. 363-371 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 74 (1963), S. 549-551 
    ISSN: 0006-3002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 22 (1966), S. 42-43 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) The adrenalin of the frog heart was found to be localized mainly in the granular fraction (100,000g). After pretreatment with α-methyldopa (α-MD), the heart also contained α-methyldopamine, α-methylnoradrenalin, and α-methyladrenalin. (2) α-MD caused a maximal expansion of the melanophores. This action was counteracted byl-dopa, which per se caused a contraction of the melanophores. After pretreatment with α-MD the skin contained besides adrenalin also α-methyldopamine and α-methyladrenalin. In addition also 5-hydroxytryptophan expanded the melanophores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 22 (1966), S. 22-23 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary α-Methyl-noradrenalin synthesized after pretreatment of the guinea-pig with α-methyl-dopa was found to be localized, like noradrenalin, mainly in the granular fraction 100 000g of the heart and in the fraction of the chromaffin granules of the suprarenal medulla (15000 g). α-Methyl-adrenalin could not bo found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Chronische Behandlung mit Guanethidin führte bei Ratten neben einer starken Verminderung des endogenen Noradrenalingehaltes im Herzen zu einer ausgeprägten Verminderung der Aufnahme von3H-(−)-Noradrenalin und zu einem stark beschleunigten Noradrenalinumsatz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 260 (1968), S. 379-399 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Prenylamine ; Indirect Sympathomimetic Action ; Cocaine-Like Action ; Unspecific-Spasmolytic and Quinidine-Like Action ; MAO-Inhibitor ; Prenylamin ; Indirekt sympathicomimetische Wirkung ; Cocainähnliche Wirkung ; Unspezifisch spasmolytische und chinidinartige Wirkung ; MAO-Hemmstoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das pharmakologische Wirkungsspektrum des Prenylamins umfaßt 1. indirekt sympathicomimetische, 2. cocain- bzw. imipraminähnliche, 3. unspezifisch-spasmolytische, papaverinähnliche Wirkungen. 1. Die tachykardische und blutdrucksteigernde Wirkung des Prenylamins an der Katze wurde durch Cocain abgeschwächt. Seine Kontraktionswirkung an der Nickhaut war jedoch verstärkt, da Cocain offensichtlich die für die Freisetzung von Noradrenalin erforderliche Aufnahme der lipophilen Substanz weniger hemmt als die Wiederaufnahme des freigesetzten Brenzcatechinamins. — Die coronargefäβerweiternde und positiv inotrope Wirkung des Prenylamins am isoliert durchströmten Rattenherz (Langendorff) war nach Vorbehandlung mit Reserpin aufgehoben und ließ sich durch Noradrenalininfusion restituieren. — I.v. Injektion von 5 mg/kg Prenylamin führte bei Ratten zu einer Abnahme des Noradrenalin- und Dopamin-gehaltes, nicht jedoch zu einer Abnahme des Serotoningehaltes im Gehirn. Versuche mit 14C-Prenylamin ergaben, daß die für die Freisetzung von Noradrenalin in Herz und Gehirn erforderliche Prenylaminkonzentration im Gewebe mindestens fünffach über derjenigen des Noradrenalins liegen mußte. Die Ergebnisse sprechen weniger für einen reserpinähnlichen Wirkungsmechanismus als vielmehr für denjenigen eines indirekt wirkenden sympathicomimetischen Amins. 2. Die cocain- bzw. imipraminähnliche Wirkungsqualität des Prenylamins kam darin zum Ausdruck, daß es die an der Nickhaut durch Noradrenalin ausgelösten Kontraktionen stärker potenzierte als die durch Adrenalin verursachten. Prenylamin hemmte die Aufnahme von 3H-Noradrenalin in das isoliert perfundierte Rattenherz. Prenylamin erwies sich in vitro als ein reversibler und kompetitiver Hemmstoff der Monoaminoxydase. Eine Hemmung des Ferments auch in vivo könnte mitverantwortlich dafür sein, daß die Tyraminwirkung an der Nickhaut nach Prenylamin verstärkt war. 3. Eine unspezifisch-spasmolytische, papaverinähnliche Wirkungskomponente war die Ursache dafür, daß Prenylamin am Meerschweinchenileum die Acetylcholin-und Histaminwirkung, am Vas deferens der Ratte die Acetylcholin- und Noradrenalinwirkung nicht-kompetitiv abschwächte. Sie erklärt auch, weshalb Prenylamin an der Katze nach Cocain nur noch eine blutdrucksenkende Eigenwirkung besaß, die blutdrucksteigernde Adrenalinwirkung abschwächte und in höherer Dosierung zu einer chinidinartigen Depression des Herzmuskels führte. Die „antiadrenergischen“ Wirkungen des Prenylamins sind somit weder α- noch β-sympathicolytische, sondern unspezifische Effekte.
    Notes: Summary Prenylamine possesses not only the properties of an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine but also exerts cocaine-like, and unspecific-spasmolytic, papaverine-like actions. 1. In the cat the chronotropic as well as the blood pressure raising action of prenylamine was abolished by cocaine. However, the contractions of the nictitating membrane elicited by prenylamine were potentiated. Obviously, cocaine is not able to prevent completely the uptake of the lipophilic drug but blocks the re-uptake of released noradrenaline. — The coronary dilating and inotropic action of prenylamine in isolated perfused rat hearts was abolished by pretreatment with reserpine and restored by infusion of noradrenaline (NA). — After i.v. injection of 5 mg/kg prenylamine only the NA and dopamine content in brain of rats was reduced; the serotonin content remained unchanged. To produce this effect, the tissue concentration of the drug in heart and brain had to be at least 5 times higher than that of NA as shown by experiments with 14C-prenylamine. The results suggest that the underlying mechanism is similar to that of an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine and not a reserpine-like one. 2. Because of its cocaine-like property prenylamine potentiated the action of NA on the nictitating membrane to a higher degree than that of adrenaline. The drug inhibited the uptake of 3H-NA in the isolated perfused rat heart. In vitro prenylamine was shown to be a reversible and competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. In vivo-inhibition of the enzyme could thus also be responsible for the enhanced action of tyramine on the nictitating membrane caused by the drug. 3. Because of its unspecific-spasmolytic, papaverine-like properties prenylamine inhibited the actions of acetylcholine and histamine on the guinea pig ileum and the actions of acetylcholine and NA on the vas deferens of rat in a non-competitive manner. This unspecific action explained why prenylamine in the cat after cocaine was a pure depressor agent and reduced the pressor action of adrenaline; furthermore, it explains why high doses caused a quinidine-like depression of cardiac muscle. Thus the “antiadrenergic” actions of prenylamine are not due to the blocking of α- or β-receptors but are merely unspecific effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: β-Sympatholytics ; Hydrophobicity ; Surface Activity ; Local Anaesthesia ; Myocardial Conduction Velocity ; Non-Specific Membrane Affinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to characterize the non-specific membrane affinity of β-adrenergic blocking agents (phenylethanolamino- and phenoxypropanolaminoderivatives), hydrophobicity (i. e. partition coefficients) and surface activity were determined as physicochemical properties of the drugs. Local anaesthetic activity (isolated frog nerve) and effects on myocardial conduction velocity (frog heart) were used as pharmacological parameters. In addition, the hydrophobicity of the β-sympatholytics was calculated according to the method of Hansch and Fujita (1964). 1. The nine β-sympatholytics investigated here can be divided into three main groups, according to their physicochemical properties as well as to their nonspecific pharmacological effects. The most active were alprenolol, propranolol, and KL 255; Kö 592, oxprenolol, INPEA, and pindolol were intermediate, while sotalol and practolol were the least active. The activity of the drugs ranged between 3 orders of magnitude in all parameters studied. 2. Highly significant correlations were found between the 4 parameters studied. This may indicate that physicochemical properties of the β-sympatholytics are the main determinants of their non-specific pharmacological effects, i. e. of their quinidine-like and/or cardiodepressant effects. 3. Structure-activity relationships revealed that the increase of the non-specific membrane affinity of the β-sympatholytics investigated was related to the number of the alkyl- and/or halogen ring substituents, as well as to the length of the alkyl chain of the monosubstituted compounds. Ring substituents containing electronegative N- or O-atoms caused a decrease of membrane affinity. 4. The calculated hydrophobicity (Σπ according to Hansch and Fujita) of the drugs investigated here was closely correlated with the partition coefficients determined in an octanol-buffer system. The Σπ-values, on the other hand, correlated significantly with local anaesthetic activity, and with the effects of the drugs on myocardial conduction velocity. 5. From the results it is concluded that the non-specific membrane affinity of the β-sympatholytics can be predicted by the determination of their octanol-buffer partition coefficients, or even by simple calculation of their respective Σπ-values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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