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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetization transfer contrast ; Cartilage ; MTC-subtraction ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human articular cartilage from 16 cadaveric or amputated knees was studied using standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on-resonance magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and MTC-subtraction MRI. Results were compared with subsequent macroscopic and histopathological findings. MTC-subtraction and T2-weighted spin-echo images visualized cartilaginous surface defects with high sensitivity and specificity. MTC and T2-weighted spin-echo images revealed intra-cartilaginous signal loss without surface defects in 80% of the cases, corresponding to an increased collagen concentration. It is concluded that MTC is sensitive to early cartilage degeneration and MTC-subtraction can be helpful in detecting cartilage defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 933-943 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schulterregion ; Skelettaufbau ; Gelenke ; Periartikuläre Weichteile ; Leitungsbahnen ; Key words Shoulder region ; Skeletal composition ; Joints ; Periarticular structures ; Vessels and nerves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Besides the skeletal elements, i. e., the clavicle, scapula and humerus, several muscles and soft tissues also participate in the construction of the human shoulder. These elements from and surround the shoulder girdle joints, which are the acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joint. Towards the trunk a connection is achieved by the sternoclavicular joint. Ossification of the clavicle, scapula and humerus begins within the 5th to 7th embryonic week. Around the age of 20 years ossification is completed. Parallel to this development and during adulthood, age-dependent changes take place in the composition and mixture of the bone marrow from red to yellow marrow. The shoulder girdle joints are constructed to permit a wide range of motion of the arm against the trunk. At the glenohumeral joint the spherical humeral head glides within the concave groove of the glenoid cavity. Stability is attained by the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum, which enlarges the articulating areas and the joint capsule with its strengthening ligaments. Variation of the joint capsule insertion, the glenoid labrum or the bony surfaces may predispose to luxation. Additional support to prevent luxation is obtained by the glenohumeral ligaments and the long biceps tendon. Active movement is provided by the superficial muscles and the rotator cuff muscles. Several bursae support free movement and decrease friction of the musculotendineous systems near the joint. Despite this complex construction several degenerative diseases can impair free movement of the human shoulder.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am Aufbau der Schulter sind neben Clavicula, Scapula und Humerus zahlreiche Muskeln und mehrere Weichteilstrukturen beteiligt. Sie formen und umhüllen die zur Schulter gehörenden Gelenke: Articulatio acromioclavicularis und Articulatio humeri (glenohumeralis). Die Skeletteile der Schulter beginnen zwischen der 5. und 7. Embryonalwoche zu verknöchern. Die Ossifikation ist um das 20. Lebensjahr abgeschlossen. Eng damit verkoppelt sind Konvertierungsvorgänge, nach denen vor allem in der Scapula und im Humerus eine altersabhängige Umwandlung von hämatopoetisch aktivem Knochenmark in fetthaltiges inaktives Knochenmark erfolgt. Sternoclaviculare und acromioclaviculare Gelenke vergrößern das Bewegungsausmaß der freien oberen Extremität. Im Schultergelenk gleitet das kugelförmig gestaltete Caput humeri in der konkav gekrümmten Cavitas glenoidalis. Das Labrum glenoidale vergrößert die Pfannenfläche und sichert mit dem Kapsel-Band-System die stabile Flächenführung der Gelenkpartner. Variationen in der Profilgestaltung, der Labrumposition und dem Kapselansatz begünstigen mögliche Luxationen. Dem wirken die glenohumeralen Bänder sowie die Sehne des langen Bizepskopfes entgegen. Oberflächlich gelegene Gürtelmuskeln und die Muskeln der Rotatorenmanschette führen und sichern das Schultergelenk aktiv. Periartikuläre Gleitstrukturen begünstigen außerdem die Beweglichkeit und vermindern Reibungskräfte zwischen den gelenknahen Muskel-Sehnen-Komplexen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Indirect MR arthrography ; MR arthrography ; Joints ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Indirect MR arthrography is a relatively new MR technique improving articular and periarticular contrast. It is achieved by injection of paramagnetic MR contrast media intravenously instead of intra-articular injection as in direct MR arthrography. After the injection exercising the joint results in considerable signal intensity increase within the joint cavity. Fat saturated MR sequences then yield arthrographic images. The method is less invasive than direct MR arthrography and first results showed comparable sensitivities and specificities for rotator cuff and glenoid labrum pathology. In this article the technique, established and potential future indications, drawbacks and limitations of the method are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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