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  • Direct Lytic Factor  (3)
  • Complement peptides  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the cleavage peptides, C3a and C3ai, from the third component of hog complement on leukocyte accumulation and vascular permeability in vivo (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 302 (1978), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Complement peptides ; Leukocytes ; Chemotaxis ; Vascular permeability ; Desensitization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the spasmogenically active cleavage peptide from the third component of complement, C3a, and its spasmogenically inactive derivative, C3ai, on local leukocyte accumulation and vascular permeability in guinea pigs have been studied. 1. After intrapleural injection of 50, 100 or 150 μg both peptides induced a dose-dependent accumulation of leukocytes in the pleural cavity. This effect was significantly (P〈0.05) inhibited by colchicine (0.4 and 2.0 mg/kg), whereas pheniramine (5 mg/kg) and paramethasone (1 mg/kg) showed a slight inhibitory effect only. Indometacin (10 mg/kg) did not affect leukocyte accumulation. 2. C3a and C3ai also increased vascular permeability as shown by extravasation of i.v. applied Evans blue into the pleural cavity. This was partly inhibited by paramethasone and indometacin; pheniramine and colchicine were not inhibitory. When C3ai was injected intrapleurally (once 150 μg) and in addition intravenously (doses of 20, 100 and 150 μg injected every 20 min throughout the experiment), the accumulation of leukocytes in the pleural cavity was markedly decreased, whereas the extravasation of Evans blue was even increased. The inhibition of chemotaxis appears to be due to desensitization of the circulating leukocytes by the intravenously given C3ai thus rendering them unresponsive to the local stimulus of intrapleural C3ai. I.v. given C3ai induced a pronounced increase of the concentration of peripheral leukocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586595
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in binding of the direct lytic factor (DLF) of cobra venom (Naja naja) to intact red cells and ghosts (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 280 (1973), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Direct Lytic Factor ; Cobra Venom ; Red Cells ; Membranes ; Haemolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The binding of direct lytic factor (DLF) from cobra venom (Naja naja) to intact guinea-pig red cells and to guinea-pig ghosts was estimated quantitatively by bioassay of DLF in the supernatant. 1. DLF was not bound to intact red cells in considerable amounts, during 320 min incubation. 2. The degree of binding to ghosts was much larger than that in suspensions of intact red cells. Binding to ghosts increased with time. 3. Whereas the binding of DLF to ghosts was not much influenced by varying the incubation temperature, its haemolytic activity was completely absent at temperatures below 15°C. By an immunofluorescence technique binding of DLF to erythrocytes was studied morphologically: 1. DLF was only bound to red cell ghosts (guinea pig and rat), but not to intact red cells. This binding was not temperature dependent. 2. Pretreatment of ghosts with SH-reagents such as NEM or PCMB did not prevent binding of DLF. 3. Ghosts prepared by different methods (hypotonic shock, freezing and thawing, ultrasonication, and resealing) were all able to bind DLF to their surface. It is concluded that the binding of small amounts of DLF to intact red cells, observed by bioassay, was due to the presence of a small fraction of lysed cells, and that the binding to ghosts is not related to the lytic effect of DLF but secondary to lysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499181
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotactic effects of the complement-derived peptides C3a, C3ai and C5a (classical anaphylatoxin) on rabbit and guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 305 (1978), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Chemotaxis ; Complement peptides ; Anaphylatoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The complement-derived peptides C3a, C3ai and C5a (= classical anaphylatoxin) were purified from hog serum and examined for chemotactic activity on rabbit and guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with the Boyden chamber technique (with filters of 3,0 μm pore size). When media containing albumin or serum were used all peptides induced chemotaxis of both cell species. Only C3a showed a pronounced species dependence in that it was much more active on rabbit than on guinea-pig PMN. No gross differences were found between the influence of 0.5% BSA and 10% heated (56°, 30 min) homologous serum added to the medium. In the absence of protein chemotaxis did not occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508290
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic and non-osmotic components of the haemolysis induced by the direct lytic factor (DLF) of cobra venom (1974)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 282 (1974), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Direct Lytic Factor ; Cobra Venom ; Phospholipase A ; Red Cells ; Haemolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of increasing the (colloid-)osmotic pressure in the extracellular medium on haemolysis by the direct lytic factor of cobra venom (DLF) and phospholipase A has been investigated. For comparison, N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) and p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB) were used. Dextran and sucrose abolished the haemolytic effect of NEM and p-CMB but reduced only slightly (dextran) or not (sucrose) the weak lytic activity of DLF. Haemolysis by phospholipase A in the presence of DLF, NEM or p-CMB was not significantly inhibited. Hypertonic NaCl solution considerably retarded the onset of haemolysis by DLF plus phospholipase A. The mean corpuscular volume of guinea-pig red cells increased slightly but definitely during incubation with DLF. It is concluded that the haemolytic effect of DLF has non-osmotic as well as osmotic components, and that phospholipase A causes non-osmotic haemolysis. The retardation of haemolysis by hypertonic NaCl probably indicates specific inhibition of bee venom phospholipase A2, not protection of the erythrocytes from osmotic stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501234
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine release, formation of prostaglandin-like activity (SRS-C) and mast cell degranulation by the direct lytic factor (DLF) and phospholipase A of cobra venom (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 287 (1975), S. 141-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Histamine ; Prostaglandin ; Mast Cells ; Cobra Venom ; Phospholipase A ; Direct Lytic Factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of Direct Lytic Factor (DLF) and phospholipase A (ph-ase A) from cobra venom, alone and in combination, on mast cell degranulation, histamine release and formation of prostaglandin-like activity (SRS-C) was studied in perfused guinea-pig lungs and in mast cell-containing rat peritoneal cell suspensions. For comparison, the effect of equivalent doses of whole cobra venom was investigated. 1. Cobra venom caused mast cell degranulation, histamine release and SRS-C formation in both systems. For comparable effects much higher doses had to be used in guinea-pig lungs than in rat peritoneal cell suspensions. 2. Ph-ase A showed little degranulation of mast cells in both systems, a limited histamine release in rat peritoneal cell suspensions and none in perfused guinea-pig lungs. It caused a considerable SRS-C formation in both, lung tissue and peritoneal cell suspensions. 3. DLF caused histamine release, SRS-C formation and mast cell degranulation in both systems; in rat peritoneal cell suspensions it acted almost as strong as equivalent doses of cobra venom, in guinea pig lungs it was much less active. 4. In rat peritoneal cell suspensions the effects of DLF and ph-ase A in combination did not exceed the sum of their single effects. In guinea-pig lungs these two substances interacted in a potentiating synergism. It is concluded that DLF is the main cytotoxic principle of cobra venom, whereas ph-ase A alone is not cytotoxic. The difference in the synergism of DLF and ph-ase A between rat peritoneal cells and guinea-pig lungs may be due to two different actions of DLF and species differences as regards sensitivity against these actions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00510446
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