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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 259 (1996), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Carbon dioxide laser ; Condylomata acuminata ; Human papillomavirus ; SwiftLase® ; Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The CO2-laser has a successful record in treatment of extensive, refractory vulvar condylomas and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. A prerequisite for optimal use of the laser is careful preoperative diagnosis and optimized surgical technique based upon the exact knowledge of the interaction process between laser radiation and tissue. Using a new CO2-laser scanning device, the Sharplan SwiftLase®, this in-vivo study analyses the effects of CO2-laser parameters [average power density (PD), beam size and exposure time] on vulvar skin to determine optimum laser settings. Our histomorphometric analyses reveal a minimal skin destruction (ablation depth 40 µm, extent of irreversible thermal damage 80 µm to 120 µm) after application of the CO2-laser energy with the SwiftLase® using a PD of 1000 W/cm2 with a beam size of 1 mm diameter. Previous CO2-laser application techniques required low PD (200 W/cm2 to 750 W/cm2) and a larger beam size (1.5 mm to 2 mm) moving over the epithelial surface as fast as possible to obtain a precise skin destruction. The SwiftLase® allows the laser beam to be moved slowly with a beam size of 1 mm and significantly higher PD (up to 5000 W/cm2). These advantageous application conditions guarantee precise, homogeneous vulvar skin treatments with minimal thermal damage to the surrounding normal skin. The SwiftLase® enables a less experienced colposcopists to perform vulvar CO2-laser surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Periduralanalgesie ; Patientenkontrollierte Analgesie ; Postoperative Schmerztherapie ; Key words ; Epidural analgesia ; Patient-controlled analgesia ; Postoperative pain treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectives: Continuous epidural analgesia (EA) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCA) are widely used for postoperative pain control. Studies indicate that both analgesic regimens provide good analgesia after major surgery. However, because of the following reasons it is still unclear whether one of the two modes of application is superior. First, there are conflicting data regarding the differences in pain relief and drug use between epidural and intravenous administration of opioids. Second, in many studies epidural analgesia is performed by a combination of local anaesthetics and opioids. Third, reduced morbidity was observed only in some of the studies, in which epidural analgesia provided better pain relief than systemic opioid supply. Despite these conflicting results, EA with local anaesthetics and fentanyl as well as PCA with piritramid, a highly potent μ-agonist, are routinely used in Germany. The purpose of this study was to compare these two treatments for analgesic efficacy, pulmonary function, incidence of side effects and complications in patients undergoing thoracotomy. Methods: In this prospective randomized trial 50 patients were included. For postoperative pain control 25 patients (EA group) received thoracic epidural infusion of local anaesthetics (bupivacaine 0.125% or ropivacaine 0,2%) and fentanyl 4,5µg/ml with a flow rate of 4-10 ml/h. 25 patients received intravenous PCA with piritramid (bolus 2,5 mg, lock out 15 minutes, maximum of 25 mg/4 h, no background infusion). Results: Analgesia at rest and while coughing, as evaluated by visual analogue scale, was significantly better in the EA group. EA also resulted in superior values of pulmonary function tests, general condition and a lower incidence of sedation and nausea. In contrast, patients with EA reported distinctly more pruritus than patients with PCA. Duration of hospital stay was shorter in the EA group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. There was one atelectasis in the EA group. No major complications related to EA or PCA were observed. Conclusion: In this study EA with local anaesthetics and fentanyl provided superior postoperative pain control and a lower incidence of sedation and nausea compared to intravenous PCA with piritramid, but there was no superiority as to pulmonary complications and duration of hospital stay.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven, randomisierten Studie wurden die beiden klinisch etablierten, postoperativen Analgesieverfahren, die kontinuierliche thorakale Periduralanalgesie (PDA) mit Lokalanästhetikum und Fentanyl und die intravenöse patientenkontrollierte Analgesie (PCA) mit Piritramid, verglichen. Bei 50 Patienten (PDA-Gruppe n=25, PCA-Gruppe n=25), die sich einer Thorakotomie unterziehen mußten, wurden Analgesie, unerwünschte Wirkungen, Allgemeinbefindlichkeit, Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauer und Komplikationen unter den jeweiligen Verfahren untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sowohl die PDA als auch die PCA zur Schmerztherapie nach Thorakotomien effektiv und sicher sind. Dennoch wurde unter PDA eine signifikant bessere analgetische Wirkung sowie eine deutlich geringere Inzidenz der unerwünschten Wirkungen Sedierung und Übelkeit erzielt. Über Juckreiz klagten die Patienten mit PDA hingegen öfter. Im Hinblick auf Lungenfunktionsparameter, die subjektive Allgemeinbefindlichkeit der Patienten und die Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauer schnitt die PDA-Gruppe ebenso tendenziell besser ab. Auch die Beurteilung des jeweiligen Analgesieverfahrens durch die Patienten fiel bei insgesamt guter Bewertung beider Verfahren in der PDA-Gruppe besser aus. Trotz dieser Vorteile führte die PDA gegenüber der PCA jedoch nicht zu einer Senkung der pulmonalen Komplikationsrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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