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  • Renal tubule  (7)
  • Contraluminal cell membrane  (6)
  • Natriumtransport  (4)
  • SITS  (3)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 387 (1980), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renal tubule ; Thiosulfate transport ; Na+ coupled transport ; Sulfate transport ; Paraaminohippurate transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using the standing droplet method in the late proximal convolution and simultaneous microperfusion of the peritubular capillaries, the zero net flux transtubular concentration difference of thiosulfate at 45 s was determined, the latter being taken as a measure of active thiosulfate transport. Under control conditions, in the presence of Na+, near zero Δc values were observed. When 1 mmol/l carinamide or paraaminohippurate (PAH) were added to the perfusates significant reabsorptive Δc arose. However, when 7.5 mmol/l sulfate was added to the Na+-free secretory Δc values were observed. Tested under Na+-free conditions, the secretory Δc was not influenced by simultaneously present 5 mmol/l of SO 4 2− but was diminished by 50 mmol/l SO 4 2− . PAH (1 mmol/l), carinamide (0.2 mmol/l) and probenecid (1 mmol/l) decreased the secretory Δc by 48, 65 and 48%, respectively. The PAH secretion was not influenced, when thiosulfate or sulfate up to 50 mmol/l was added to both perfusates. Under Na+-free conditions the Δc of thiosulfate in early loops of the proximal convolution is higher than in late loops, while for PAH this pattern is reversed. Taken together with the previously published inhibition of sulfate reabsorption by thiosulfate the data indicate 1. thiosulfate is reabsorved by the Na+-dependent sulfate transport system and 2. thiosulfate is simultaneously secreted by a carinamide-, probenecid-and PAH-sensitive secretory system. The secretory system might also be shared by sulfate. The thiosulfate net flux is the result of the difference in the activity of the counteracting transporters, located at the luminal and contraluminal cell side. Is is possible that the higher activity of the transporter at one cell side leads to a reversal of the flux through the transporter at the other cell side.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 404 (1985), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Epithelial transport ; Contraluminal cell membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the specificity for the contraluminal sulfate transport system the inhibitory potency of sulfate esters and sulfonate compounds on the35SO 4 2− influx from the interstitium into cortical tubular cells in situ has been determined. The following was found: 1. From 10 sulfate monoesters tested 9 inhibited contraluminal sulfate influx with an app.K i between 0.6 and 6 mmol/l; the two sulfate diesters tested, however, did not. 2. Out of 8 aliphatic sulfonate compounds only three, having a NH- or OH-group in a suitable position, exerted a moderate inhibition (app.K i ca. 2–6 mmol/l). 3. Amongst 14 benzene sulfonates tested only 2 compounds (5-nitrobenzene-sulfonate and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate) inhibited with aK i〈5 mmol/l. 4. Out of 10 naphthalene sulfonates tested 8 inhibited with aK i〈5; the highest inhibition was seen with the NH-containing 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS), but no inhibition with 2 compounds containing an amino group. 5. From the polycyclic sulfonates pyrene-3-sulfonate and anthracene-1-sulfonate inhibited with aK i of approximately 2 mmol/l, while no inhibition was seen with anthracene-2-sulfonate. 6. Out of 4 amino-sulfonates tested benzene-1-amino-sulfonate and a similar benzyl-analog inhibited with aK i of 1 mmol/l and smaller; cyclohexyl-1-amino-sulfonate (cyclamate), however, inhibited only slightly (app.K i of 6 mmol/l). The data indicate that sulfate monoesters are well accepted by the contraluminal sulfate transport system. The affinity of sulfonate compounds to this system depends on neighbouring OH-groups −NH-groups, meta-positioned electronegative groups or a hydrophobic moiety in an appropriate position.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 404 (1985), S. 311-318 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Epithelial transport ; Contraluminal cell membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the specificity for the contraluminal sulfate transport system the inhibitory potency of phenol- and sulfonphthaleins, of sulfamoyl-compounds (diuretics) as well as diphenylamine-2-carboxylates (Cl− channel blockers) on the35SO 4 2− influx from the interstitium into cortical tubular cells in situ has been determined. The following was found: 1) Phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol-red) inhibited with an app.K i-value of 1.7 mmol/l, while analogs which had additional Br-atoms in position 3 and/or 5, i.e. bromphenol-blue, bromcresol-purple and bromcresol-green, inhibited with an apparentK i of 0.1 and 0.5 mmol/l respectively. 2) Phenolphthalein and tetrabromphenolphthalein did not inhibit, while the disulfonate dyes bromsulfalein, fuchsin acid and indigocarmine inhibited with aK i between ≈1 and 3 mmol/l. The highest inhibitory potency in this class of compounds was seen with orange G (app.K i 0.07 mmol/l). The monosulfonate dyes tested, fluoresceinsulfonate and orange I inhibited moderately with an app.K i of ≈5 mmol/l. 3) The 3-sulfamoyl compounds inhibited to a varying degree, when they had a neighbouring −NH-group (furylmethylamino-group), i.e. in position 6 to the COOH or SO3H-group, or when they had a phenoxy-group in position 4. 4) 4-sulfamoylbenzoate and the related compounds probenecid, acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide inhibited with an app.K i between 4 and 7 mmol/l. 5) All diphenylamine-2-carboxylate analogs inhibited with an app.K i between 3 and 5 mmol/l, even when the −NH-group was replaced by an =O-group or the benzene ring was replaced by a pyrimidine ring, but not when it was replaced by a thiophen ring. In contrast, 4-phenylaminepyridine-3-sulfonate was ineffective, while diphenylamine-2-amino sulfonate exerted the highest inhibition of this group with an app.K i of 1.4 mmol/l. When, however, the aminosulfonate group was replaced by a methylsulfonamide, the inhibitory potency disappeared. The data can be explained by inhibitory patterns found in previous papers for disulfonates [29], sulfonates with a hydrophobic moiety [28] or neighbouring OH-group [28, 29], carboxylates with a neighbouring −NH- or OH-group in position 2- and an electron-attracting group in position 5 [30].
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 308 (1969), S. 111-126 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Micropuncture ; Functional Isolated Collecting Ducts ; Sodium Transport ; Sodium Permeability ; Aldosterone ; Mikropunktion ; funktionell isoliertes Sammelrohr ; Natriumtransport ; Natriumpermeabilität ; Aldosteron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Mikropunktion und -perfusion der Vasa recta an der freigelegten Nierenpapille von Wistarratten wurde es möglich, die schwankenden Harnstoff- und Natriumkonzentrationen im Interstitium des Nierenmarks zu beseitigen und definierte Versuchsbedingungen für die Sammelrohre zu schaffen. An diesen „funktionell” isolierten Sammelrohrabschnitten wurdenin situ sowohl die Gleichgewichtskonzentrationsdifferenz bei fehlendem Nettosubstanz-und -volumenfluß (ΔC Na) als auch der Nettonatriumtransport (Φ Na) bei gleicher Natriumkonzentration auf beiden Seiten der Sammelrohrwand gemessen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß unter diesen Versuchsbedingungen, bei denen die Tiere in Antidiurese sind, die Natriumrückresorption aus den Sammelrohren isoton abläuft. Die Versuche wurden an vier Tiergruppen durchgeführt: an adrenalektomierten Tieren, an normal ernährten Tieren, an salzarm ernährten Tieren und an normal ernährten Tieren, die zusätzlich Aldosteron bekamen. Φ Na iso war bei adrenalektomierten Tieren 1,2·10−5 bei normal ernährten Tieren 3,1·10−5, bei salzarm ernährten Tieren 4,1·10−5 und bei normal ernährten Tieren unter Aldosteronsubstitution 4,2·10−5 μÄq·mm−2·sec−1. Die entsprechenden ΔC Na werte waren 4, 31, 98, 93 mÄq/l. Unter der Annahme, daßΦ Na iso die Transportkapazität des Systems angibt und daß ΔC Na bei gegebenemΦ Na iso umgekehrt proportional der Leckpermeabilität für Natriumionen ist, kann man aus den vorliegenden Daten schließen, daß Aldosteron am Sammelrohr nicht nur die innere Transportkapazität für Na erhöht, sondern auch die Leckpermeabilität für Na herabsetzt.
    Notes: Summary Micropuncture and -perfusion were performed on vasa recta of the exposed renal papilla in Wistar rats in order to abolish uncontrollable changes of sodium and urea concentration within the medullary interstitium. Thereby the collecting tubules could be studied under well defined experimental conditions. The transport of sodium in the absence of a transtubular concentration difference (Φ Na) as well as differences in steady state concentration of sodium (ΔC Na) at zero net flux of water and solutes were measuredin situ in these functionally isolated collecting ducts. Four groups of animals were studied: adrenalectomized rats, control rats on a normal diet, rats on low sodium diet and normally fed rats with additional aldosterone administration. The respectiveΦ Na were 1.2, 3.1, 4.1 and 4.2·10−5 μeq×mm−2×sec−1, while ΔC Na were 4, 31, 98 and 93 meq/l. One may assume thatΦ Na iso is a measure of the transport capacity of the system and that ΔC Na at a givenΦ Na iso is inversely proportional the leak permeability. Under these conditions our data suggest, that aldosterone causes an increase of intrinsic transport capacity and at the same time a decrease of leak permeability for sodium ions.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Perfusion of Peritubular Capillaries ; Water Reabsorption ; Sodium Transport ; Proximal Convolution ; Collecting Duct ; peritubuläre Capillarperfusion ; Wasserresorption ; Natriumtransport ; proximales Konvolut ; Sammelrohre
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Ratten wurden Mikropunktionsuntersuchungen am proximalen Tubulus und am Sammelrohr bei Durchblutung der peritubulären Capillaren bzw. Vasa recta sowie bei künstlicher Perfusion dieser Blutgefäße durchgeführt. In Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der interstitiellen Natriumkonzentration wurden der Nettonatriumtransport (ΆNa iso) bei gleicher Natriumkonzentration zu beiden Seiten der Tubuluswand und die Gleichgewichtskonzentrationsdifferenz (Δc Na) bei fehlendem Nettovolumen- und Nettosubstanzfluß gemessen. Bei Variation der Natriumkonzentration im Gewebe durch Perfusion der peritubulären Capillaren mit 155 bzw. 300 mÄq/l Na änderten sich weder ΆNa iso noch Δc Na für den proximalen Tubulus (ΆNa iso 8,4 bzw. 7,9·10−5 μÄq · mm−2 · sec−1; Δc Na 24 bzw. 24 mÄq/l). Veränderung der Natriumkonzentration im Blut durch Infusion hypertoner NaCl Lösung oder Peritonealdialyse mit isotoner Mannitlösung führten zu prinzipiell gleichen Ergebnissen. Bei Perfusion der Vasa recta mit Lösungen, die 145 und 300 mÄq/l Natrium entheilten, blieben ΆNa iso wie Δc Na über die Sammelrohrwand ebenfalls konstant (ΆNa iso 4,1 bzw. 4,1·10−5 μÄq · mm−2 · sec−1; Δc Na 98 bzw. 104 mÄq/l). Proximale Tubuli und Sammelrohre verhalten sich demnach bei Variation der interstitiellen Natriumkonzentration gleich. Da die Wasserresorption aus den Sammelrohren von dem durch Gegenstrommultiplikation erzeugten Natriumkonzentrationsanstieg im Markinterstitium abhängt, die Natriumresorption aus den Sammelrohren aber wie die vorliegenden Befunde zeigen von eben dieser Natriumkonzentration unabhängig ist, ist dem Warmblüterorganismus die Möglichkeit gegeben, Natrium- und Wasserresorption unabhängig voneinander zu variieren. Die Natrium- und Wasserresorption aus den Sammelrohren werden jedoch beide durch den Gehalt der Sammelrohrflüssigkeit an permeablen Nichtelektrolyten, wie z. B. Harnstoff, beeinflußt.
    Notes: Summary Micropuncture experiments were performed on proximal tubules and collecting ducts of rat kidneys with and without artificial perfusion of surrounding capillaries or vasa recta respectively. Net sodium flux (ΆNa iso) was estimated under conditions of varying but equal sodium concentrations on both sides of the tubular wall. The transtubular wall equilibrium concentration difference of sodium (Δc Na) was also measured in these nephron segments under conditions of zero volume and solute fluxes. In the proximal tubule ΆNa iso of 8.4 and 7.9×10−5 μeq × mm−2 × sec−1 at sodium concentrations of 155 and 300 meq/l in the perfusion fluid and Δc Na of 24 and 24 meq/l respectively did not vary significantly. Variations of sodium concentrations in blood produced by hypertonic saline infusion or peritoneal dialysis with mannitol resulted in essentially similar values of ΆNa iso and Δc Na. In the collecting ducts also ΆNa iso and Δc Na remained uninfluenced by induced variations in sodium concentrations of the perfusion fluid. ΆNa iso at sodium concentration of 145 and 300 meq/l in the perfusion fluid of vasa recta was 4.1 and 4.1×10−5 μeq × mm−2 × sec−1 respectively and Δc Na was 98 and 104 meq/l respectively. Water reabsorption in the collecting ducts depends on the increase of sodium concentration produced in the medulla by the countercurrent multiplier system. The results represented here indicate that, in mammals sodium reabsorption is independent from the sodium concentration of the interstitial fluid. Therefore the sodium reabsorption and the water reabsorption can be varied independently from each other. Both, sodium and water reabsorption in the collecting ducts are however dependent upon the concentrations of permeable nonelectrolytes such as urea in the collecting duct fluid.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 320 (1970), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Micropuncture ; Collecting Duct ; Sodium Transport ; Sodium Permeability ; Aldosterone ; Schlüsselwörter ; Mikropunktion ; Sammelrohr ; Natriumtransport ; Natriumpermeabilität ; Aldosteron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In previous micropuncture studies with collecting ducts from the rat kidney, aldosterone was shown to increase the isotonic sodium reabsorption as well as the transepithelial concentration difference for sodium under steady state conditions with zero net flux. It was thought that the latter effect might have been partially due to a reduced leak permeability for sodium caused by the action of the hormone. To examine this possibility, the24Na efflux from the collecting duct was studied and found to be decreased by aldosterone. It follows that the hormone must cause a substantial decrease in sodium permeability.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 404 (1985), S. 307-310 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Epithelial transport ; Contraluminal cell membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the specificity of the contraluminal sulfate transport system the inhibitory potency of salicylate analogs (5 mmol/l each) on the35SO 4 2− influx from the interstitium into cortical tubular cells in situ has been determined. The following was found: 2-hydroxybenzoate (salicylate), per se, did not inhibit contraluminal35SO 4 2− influx. The same holds when an additional NH2-group was introduced in position 4 or 5, or when an additional Cl-group was introduced in position 4. When an additional Cl- or NO2-group was introduced in position 5 a moderate inhibition was seen (app.K i≈4 mmol/l). However, introduction of 2 Cl- or 2 NO2-groups in position 3 and 5 creates compounds with strong inhibitory potency (app.K i≈0.5 mmol/l). 2-hydroxy-3,5-iodobenzoate inhibited too, but with a smaller inhibitory potency (app.K i≈2.3 mmol/l). 2-hydroxybenzoate analogs, which have a carboxy- or sulfo-group in position 5, exerted strong inhibition, those with a acetyl- or butyryl-group exerted moderate inhibition. 1-Naphthol-2-carboxylate did not inhibit, while 1-naphthol-4-sulfamoyl-2-carboxylate did. Amongst the dihydroxybenzoates, 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate did not inhibit contraluminal35SO 4 2− influx, while 2,4- and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate did. The data indicate that a hydroxy-group in ortho-position and an electro-negative group in the meta-position to the carboxyl group and paraposition to the hydroxy-group are essential for interaction with the contraluminal sulfate transport system. The ability of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate to inhibit might be explained by its ability to undergo mesomeric conformation.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 405 (1985), S. S106 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Epithelial transport ; Contraluminal cell membrane ; Dietary adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the characteristics of contraluminal phosphate transport the stopped flow microperfusion technique [13] has been applied. By measuring the time-dependent decrease of interstitial33Pi concentration at different starting concentrations a simple diffusion kinetics with a permeability coefficient of 7.5±1.0 · 10−8 cm2 s−1 was found. Such a kinetic was so far only observed with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. This substance, however, is transported in addition by facilitated diffusion as was seen by paraaminohippurate, methylsuccinate and sulfate. The contraluminal transport of phosphate was inhibited by H2-DIDS (5 mmol/l). It was, however, not influenced by omission of Na+ from the perfusates, by addition of sulfate (150 mmol/l), methylsuccinate (50 mmol/l), arsenate (50 mmol/l), the Hg-compound mersalyl (5 mmol/l), high and low phosphate diet and pH changes between 6.0 and 8.0. The data indicate that phosphate, which is reabsorbed from the lumen by a Na+-dependent transport system, leaves the cell by a rather unspecific contraluminal diffusion pathway.
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