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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hypoplastisches Linksherz ; Norwood-Operation ; Herztransplantation ; Behandlungsalgorithmus ; Key words Hypoplastic left heart ; Norwood operation ; Heart transplantation ; Management algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objective: Hypoplastic left heart (HLH) is a complex developmental malformation of the left ventricle, aorta, and associated valves. Survival beyond neonatal period is the exception in untreated infants. The prognosis, however, is no longer hopeless. Clinical stabilization of a neonate with HLH is appropriate until a management decision, based on appropriate parental counselling, can be made. Methods: To determine current management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, we analysed the prospectively obtained data on the surgical procedures, and outcome for 23 neonates with this condition admitted to our institution in 1996. Results: Of the 23 patients, five were treated without surgical interventions. A Norwood I-operation was performed in eight. One infant with late surgery could not be weaned from the cardiopulmonary bypass. Another newborn died six weeks after the Norwood I procedure by hepatic failure. Heart transplantation was performed in nine patients, none patient died following transplantation. The overall survival rate of all admitted newborns with HLH was 70%. Conclusion: Our surgical strategies of staged palliative reconstruction and heart replacement by transplantation appear promising and allow an algorithm for management of HLH. These new management technologies will make inappropriate the traditional ”do nothing” approach to HLH in all but few cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Das hypoplastische Linksherz (HLH) ist eine komplexe Entwicklungsfehlbildung der linken Herzkammer, der Aorta und der assoziierten Herzklappen. Unbehandelt wird die Neonatalperiode nur selten überlebt. Die Prognose ist jedoch nicht länger hoffnungslos. Eine postnatale Prostaglandin-E1-Therapie ist zur Stabilisierung des Neugeborenen mit HLH in jedem Fall berechtigt, bis auf der Basis eines ausführlichen Elterngesprächs eine Entscheidung für oder gegen eine chirurgische Behandlung getroffen werden kann. Methode: Zur Beurteilung der derzeitigen Behandlungsstrategie bei Neugeborenen mit HLH analysierten wir die prospektiv erhobenen Daten von 23 im Jahr 1996 zugewiesenen Neugeborenen mit HLH. Ergebnisse: Fünf der 23 Patienten wurden nicht chirurgisch behandelt. Eine Norwood-I-Operation wurde bei 8 Kindern durchgeführt. Davon konnte ein spät postnatal operierter Säugling nicht von der Herz-Lungen-Maschine entwöhnt werden. Ein weiteres Kind starb 6 Wochen nach der Norwood-I-Operation an einem Leberversagen. Neun Kinder wurden herztransplantiert, kein Kind starb nach der Transplantation. Somit betrug die Überlebensrate aller zugewiesenen Neugeborenen 70%. Schlußfolgerungen: Unsere chirurgischen Strategien der stufenweisen Palliativrekonstruktion nach Norwood und der Herztransplantation im Säuglingsalter erlauben einen Behandlungsalgorithmus für das HLH. Die Ergebnisse der Behandlungsmöglichkeiten reduzieren die traditionelle „do nothing” Haltung für alle Neugeborenen mit HLH auf ausgewählte Patienten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 139 (1982), S. 4-7 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Children ; Dobutamine ; Hemodynamics ; Improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of dobutamine, a synthetic catecholamine, was studied in 12 patients aged one day to 14 years with low cardiac output syndromes. After initial stabilization of the patients dobutamine was administered by continuous infusion in a dosage of 7.5 or 10 μg/kg/min. Heart rate, cardiac output (using thermodilution technique and/or pulse contour method), mean systemic and mean pulmonary artery pressures were determined before and after the dobutamine infusion. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances, cardiac index and stroke volume index were calculated. Cardiac output and cardiac index increased significantly in every patient, whereas the heart rate changed only slightly, suggesting that the increase in cardiac output was mainly due to the alteration of stroke volume. The mean arterial pressure increased significantly, but the mean pulmonary artery pressure was unchanged. No side effects were observed during the dobutamine infusion. Dobutamine is a potent inotropic drug with limited chronotropic and peripheral vascular effects in newborns, infants and chidren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 146 (1987), S. 135-139 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Newborns ; Dobutamine ; Systolic time intervals ; Echocardiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the effects of dobutamine on myocardial function in newborns, left ventricular systolic time intervals (STI) — normalized pre-ejection period (PEPI), normalized left ventricular ejection time (LVETI) and pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time ratio (PEP/LVET) — were assessed by echocardiography in 18 newborns treated with dobutamine for clinically diagnosed heart failure. Examinations were performed prior to and 30 min after starting dobutamine infusion (7.5 or 10 μg/kg per min). Patients were assigned to two groups according to their PEP/LVET prior to dobutamine administration: group I (n=9) with pre-treatment PEP/LVET ≤ 0.35 and group II (n=9) with pre-treatment PEP/LVET 〉 0.35. While there was no change of STI in group I, dobutamine infusion resulted in a significant decrease in PEPI (from 102±4.8 to 87.8±4.2; mean ± SEM;P〈0.01) and of PEP/LVET (from 0.56±0.05 to 0.45±0.05; mean ±SEM;P〈0.01) and in a significant increase of LVETI (from 237.6±5.6 to 253.3±5.2; mean ±SEM;P〈0.01) in group II. Heart rate increased significantly in both groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, also assessed by echocardiography, did not change in the eight studies performed. An increase in mean arterial pressure was found in three out of five newborns of group II and in one out of four patients in group I. It is concluded that dobutamine can improve cardiac performance in newborns with impaired left venfricular function. This effect is probably due to an improvement in myocardial contractility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 450-455 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hypoplastisches Linksherz ; Norwood-Operation ; Herztransplantation ; perioperatives Management ; Key words Hypoplastic left heart ; Norwood procedure ; heart transplantation ; perioperative management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in the treatment of children born with a hypoplastic left heart. Compared with a mortality rate of more than 95% at 1 month of age before surgical intervention was possible, there is currently a survival rate of almost 60% at 5 years of age for all newborns with this condition who undergo the Norwood operation, and for newborns given heart transplantations. The current survival rate for all infants suffering from hypoplastic left heart syndrome and given heart transplantation is almost 80% at the age of 5 years. Uncertainty pertaining to the long-term outlook still exists, however. Many families and physicians continue to exercise the option of no treatment. These ethical issues will continue to be argued until the results of palliative reconstructive surgery or cardiac transplantation attain a level of success achieved for other neonatal cardiac operations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während der letzten Dekade wurde ein bemerkenswerter Fortschritt in der Behandlung von Neugeborenen mit hypoplastischem Linksherz gemacht. Lag die Sterblichkeit vor der chirurgischen Behandlungsära im ersten Lebensmonat noch bei über 95%, so beträgt jetzt die aktualisierte 5 Jahres-Überlebensrate für die gestufte chirurgische Palliation, als auch für die zur Herztransplantation gelisteten Neugeborenen bei 60%. Die aktualisierte Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit der herztransplantierten Säuglinge beträgt für die ersten 5 Jahre nahezu 80%. Es bleibt jedoch weiterhin noch eine Unsicherheit bezüglich der Langzeitergebnisse. Viele Familien und Ärzte bevorzugen daher immer noch die Option der „Nicht-Behandlung”. Diese ethisch motivierte Entscheidung wird auch noch solange bestehen bis die Ergebnisse der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie oder der Herztransplantation die Erfolgsrate anderer neonataler Herzoperationen erreicht hat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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