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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 47 (1998), S. 373-378 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Präoperatives EKG ; Kinder ; Key words Preoperative ECG ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to examine whether a routine preoperative ECG is necessary in children to assess the risks in anaesthesia and surgery. Methods: We examined the records of 3030 children anaesthetized in our hospital in 1990 and compared records of complications with preoperative ECGs. We also evaluated questionnaires on this subject which we had sent to 51 large pediatric hospitals in Germany in 1991. Results: During 3030 anaesthetic procedures there were 93 complications, 67 of which were not of cardiac origin. Of the 26 cardiac complications only 4 needed therapy (AV-Block 2°, fall in blood pressure). Preoperative ECGs were recorded in 180 cases: 152 were normal, 8 showed harmless deviations from normal and 16 were recorded because of known cardiac defects. None of the 180 children developed complications during anaesthesia. Our questionnaire was returned completed carefully by 36 of the 51 hospitals. In most hospitals a preoperative ECG is only recorded when heart disease is known or suspected. Conclusion: Routine preoperative ECGs are unnecessary in children unless there are clinical symptoms of heart disease or heart disease is suspected.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Es soll geklärt werden, inwieweit ein präoperatives EKG bei Kindern für die Risikoabschätzung vor einer Narkose notwendig ist. Methode: Wir überprüften die Narkoseprotokolle von 3030 Kindern, bei denen im Jahr 1990 in unserer Klinik eine Narkose durchgeführt wurde, und stellten die Komplikationen bei diesen Narkosen den Ergebnissen der präoperativen EKGs gegenüber. Außerdem werteten wir Fragebögen zu diesem Thema aus, die wir 1991 an 51 große Kinderkliniken in Deutschland verschickt haben. Ergebnisse: Bei 3030 Narkosen traten 93 Komplikationen auf, von denen 67 nicht kardial bedingt waren. Von den 26 kardialen Komplikationen waren nur 4 behandlungsbedürftig (AV-Block 2°, Blutdruckabfall, Schock). Von 180 präoperativ geschriebenen EKG waren 152 normal; 8 zeigten harmlose Normvarianten, 16 wurden wegen bekannter Herzfehler durchgeführt. Keines dieser Kinder hatte Komplikationen bei der Narkose. Die Fragebögen wurden von 36 der 51 angeschriebenen Kinderkliniken sorgfältig ausgefüllt zurückgeschickt. In den meisten Kliniken wird nur bei Hinweisen auf eine mögliche oder bestehende Herzerkrankung ein präoperatives EKG geschrieben. Schlußfolgerung: Es gibt bei Kindern keine Indikation für ein präoperatives EKG als Routinemaßnahme. Nur wenn sich aus Anamnese und körperlicher Untersuchung Hinweise auf eine Herzerkrankung ergeben, ist ein EKG und – bei Bedarf auch ein Echokardiogramm – eine sinnvolle Untersuchung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 135 (1981), S. 245-253 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Transient hypothyroidism ; Prophylactic thyroid hormone substitution ; Neonatal intensive care ; Preterm infants ; Respiratory distress syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our previous examinations had shown that 9 of 13 premature infants with severe respiratory distress had hypothyroid T4-values. On the basis of these results a prospective study was initiated. Every second neonate born after less than 37 weeks gestation or weighing less than 2200 g and admitted to our intensive care unit since Janary 1979 received a prophylactic dose of 25 μg l-Thyroxine and 5 μg Tri-iodothyronine daily. Five of the patients inadvertently did not receive the drug and were included in the non-treated group which thus numbered 55. Both groups were nearly identical with regard to gestational age, birth weight and Apgar score. In the treated group of 45 infants three (=6.6%) died. In the untreated group of 55 infants 16 (=29%) died. The probability that the different mortality in the two groups was due to chance alone is less than 0.5% (χ2-test: P〈0.005). In 14 of the 55 non-treated patients transient hypothyroidism developed. Five patients with transient hypothyroidism and 2 patients with low T4-values without a TSH-increase were treated with thyroid hormone after ascertainment of their serum thyroxine levels and six survived. The analysis of the prophylactically treated cases showed that the dosage of 25 μg l-Thyroxine and 5 μg Tri-iodothyronine in critically ill infants (i.e., those who were mechanically ventilated or had sepsis) was rarely sufficient to produce normal serum thyroxine levels. In these children thyroxine usually rose to normal levels only when they had passed the acute stage of the disease. It therefore seems advisable to double the dose of thyroid hormone during the acute stage of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 120 (1975), S. 101-110 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Embryonic tumors ; Papillary ridges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 60 Kinder mit embryonalen Tumoren wurden auf Veränderungen des Hautleistensystems hin untersucht. Es stellten sich verschiedene Unterschiede gegenüber der Normalpopulation heraus. Dies unterstreicht die embryonale Genese der verschiedenen Tumoren und stützt den Begriff des Mißbildungstumors. Embryonale Tumoren müssen als klinisch wichtigste Manifestation eines umfassenderen, in seinem ganzen Umfang aber sicherlich noch nicht vollständig erfaßten Fehlbildungssyndroms verstanden werden.
    Notes: Abstract Dermatoglyphics were analyzed in 60 children with embryonic tumors. In comparison with normal children, several differences were found. Thus, the embryonal origin of the different tumors is underlined and the hypothesis of embryonic tumors as malformations is sustained. These tumors seem to be the clinically most important manifestation of a much more comprehensive malformation syndrome, which is not yet known in all its details.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 106 (1969), S. 298-307 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Schock-Plasmaexpander ; Verweildauer von niedermolekularen Dextranen (NMD) ; Ausscheidung von NMD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Therapie aller Schockformen muß auf die Normalisierung des Capillarkreislaufes ausgerichtet sein. Die hier abgelaufenen Veränderungen entscheiden über die Prognose und den Verlauf. Durch die desaggregierenden Eigenschaften und die gute Volumenwirkung sind niedermolekulare Dextrane dafür besonders gut geeignet. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, den Einfluß der verminderten Nierenleistung und der unterschiedlichen Verteilung der Flüssigkeitsräume des Neugeborenen und des Säuglings gegenüber den Erwachsenen auf die Verweildauer und Ausscheidung von niedermolekularen Dextranen zu untersuchen. Erstmals kam eine neue Mikroliterbestimmung für Dextran routinemäßig zur Anwendung. Dabei ergab sich, daß der Abfall des Dextranspiegels und die Verweildauer im Serum dem der Erwachsenen entspricht. Nicht gelöst ist, warum jedoch beim Neugeborenen die Urinausscheidung von niedermolekularem Dextran niedriger ist als beim älteren Säugling, während der Abfall des Serumspiegels gleichsinnig verläuft. Es wird eine schnellere Verwertung im Stoffwechsel angenommen. Auf Grund der raschen Ausscheidung empfiehlt sich niedermolekulares Dextran als “Initialtherapie” im Schock, auch bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen.
    Notes: Summary The therapy of all types of shock must aim at a normalization of the peripheral circulation. The changes that take place in this region are decisive for the prognosis and the progress of the disease. Low molecular weight dextrans seem to be best suited because of their desaggregating quality and their influence on the volume. The present investigation was conducted to show the effect of the reduced renal output and the different fluid distribution in newborns and infants on the persistence and excretion of low molecular weight dextran as compared to adults. A new routine microliter determination for dextran was used. It was found that the decrease and the persistence of the dextran serum level was similar to that of adults. It is, however, not clear why the excretion of low molecular weight dextran in newborns is lower than that observed in older infants although the decrease of the serum level takes place in a similar manner. It is thought that a faster metabolic utilization might be the reason for this observation. Because of the fast excretion low molecular weight dextran is recommended as “initial therapy” of shock in newborns as well as infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 139 (1982), S. 4-7 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Children ; Dobutamine ; Hemodynamics ; Improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of dobutamine, a synthetic catecholamine, was studied in 12 patients aged one day to 14 years with low cardiac output syndromes. After initial stabilization of the patients dobutamine was administered by continuous infusion in a dosage of 7.5 or 10 μg/kg/min. Heart rate, cardiac output (using thermodilution technique and/or pulse contour method), mean systemic and mean pulmonary artery pressures were determined before and after the dobutamine infusion. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances, cardiac index and stroke volume index were calculated. Cardiac output and cardiac index increased significantly in every patient, whereas the heart rate changed only slightly, suggesting that the increase in cardiac output was mainly due to the alteration of stroke volume. The mean arterial pressure increased significantly, but the mean pulmonary artery pressure was unchanged. No side effects were observed during the dobutamine infusion. Dobutamine is a potent inotropic drug with limited chronotropic and peripheral vascular effects in newborns, infants and chidren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Dextrans ; Preterm and term newborns ; Biological half-life ; Excretion of dextran 40 and 60 ; Side effects ; Shock therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Administration of low and high molecular weight dextrans in the initial phase of shock is no longer controversial. The special conditions in newborns, however, have been insufficiently considered in planning therapy. This investigation aimed at determining the biological half-lives of dextran 40 (Rheomacrodex®) and dextran 60 (Macrodex®) in this age group. The half-life of dextran 40 was found to be 60 min and that of dextran 60 3 h. Preterm babies and newborns excrete up to 25% less dextran 40 and 60 in 24 h than infants and adults. Normal adult values for excretion are only reached towards the end of the first year of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 238 (1985), S. 251-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 238 (1985), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human herpes virus type 6 ; Infection ; Lymphadenopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two siblings and their mother developed afebrile generalized lymphadenopathy. The lymph nodes were movable and painless. During the course of the illness, the mother and one child developed an uncharacteristic rash. Increased titers of human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) antibodies were found in all three family members and in an unrelated patient with lymphadenitis colli. The enlarged lymph nodes decreased in size within several weeks. We speculate these symptoms to be caused by an infection with this lymphotropic virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 1 (1975), S. 77-84 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Intensive care medicine ; neonatology ; Central venous catheter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of pediatric intensive medicine in the past 10 years has today made it possible to carry out specific longterm infusion therapy even in severely ill newborn and premature infants. The present study discusses the various technical possibilities and indications for the introduction of a caval catheter in newborn and premature infants. Although we only used a caval catheter for longterm parenteral nutrition in 9 newborn infants from 1965 to 1969, improved techniques have enabled us over the past 2 years to choose this method in 43 newborn and premature infants presenting with a wide variety of clinical conditions. We conclude that the use of caval catheters still requires a very strong indication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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