Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and distribution of the spinal and hypophyseal projection neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat. A light and electron microscopic study with the horseradish peroxidase method (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 315-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ; Spinal projection neuron ; Hypophyseal projection neuron ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of labeled neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) was studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal cord (C8 to T1) or the hypophysis in the rat. Injections were also made in the spinal cord in another group of animals, which were subjected to water deprivation for a period of 3 days, and the PVN of these animals was examined with the electron microscope. Spinal projection neurons (paraventriculospinal tract, PVST, neurons) formed two groups; the dorsal and the ventral groups. They were located within the parvocellular part of the PVN and fused into one at the caudal level. The neurons of the dorsal group were well assembled whereas those of the ventral group were intermingled with paraventriculohypophyseal tract (PVHT) neurons, which were concentrated in the magnocellular part. Electron microscopic observations revealed that HRP-labeled neurons after spinal injections did not contain neurosecretory granules and that they were not affected by water deprivation. On the other hand, neurons containing a number of neurosecretory granules displayed a significant degree of dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum as the result of water deprivation. These neurons contained no HRP granules. The present findings suggest that the PVST neurons are distinct from the PVHT neurons and that the neuronal groups of both systems form different cell columns within the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236618
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of spinal projection neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat, studied with the HRP method (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal tract neuron ; Hypothalamus ; HRP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and number of hypothalamospinal tract (HST) neurons were studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at various levels of the rat spinal cord. The hypothalamus was divided into four areas and one nucleus, that is, the dorsal (DHA), posterior (PHA), medial (MHA) and lateral (LHA) hypothalamic areas and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The total numbers of HST neurons labeled with HRP varied according to the injection levels: 6,160 (C2 injections), 3,808 (T8), 1,961 (L1), 919 (L7) and 13 (S4). With C2 injections LHA contained 3,464 neurons, which accounted for 56% of the full number of HST neurons; similarly, PVN, 1,114 (18%); MHA, 865 (14%); DHA and PHA, 817 (12%). With L7 injections, LHA contained 444 labeled neurons, which accounted for 48% of the total; PVN, 327 (36%); MHA, 71 (8%); DHA with PHA, 77 (8%). As for the rostrocaudal distribution of labeled neurons, there was only a slight difference between the C2 and L6 injections in LHA, but no difference was noticed in PVN, DHA nor PHA. The present findings suggest that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords. Although the number of labeled HST neurons decreased as the injection sites were placed caudally, no clearcut topographical arrangement was recognized in terms of the spinal projection levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236665
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The topographical organization of neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area that project to the spinal cord or to the nucleus raphé pallidus in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 500-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: HRP ; Dorsal hypothalamic area ; Descending efferents ; Nucleus raphé pallidus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was undertaken using retrograde labeling techniques to clarify whether the neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area (DHA) that project to the spinal cord are the same as those that project to the nucleus raphé pallidus (NRP). Following an injection of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the NRP many labeled small neurons (6–13×9–22 μm) with an oval shape were found in the ventromedial part of the DHA. At the level of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, they formed a distinct and compact cell cluster. Labeled neurons, which were large in size (9–22×11–36 μm) with oval and triangular shapes, were found mainly in the dorsolateral part of the DHA after injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the spinal cord. In a double-labeling experiment, Fast Blue or True Blue, and Nuclear Yellow were injected in the NRP and in the spinal cord, respectively. A large number of blue-fluorescent neurons were located mostly in the ventromedial part of the DHA, while yellow-fluorescent ones were found in the dorsolateral part of the DHA. However, no double-labeled neurons were found in the DHA. These results show that the neurons of the DHA projecting to the NRP are essentially different from those which project to the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270682
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct projection from the dorsal hypothalamic area to the nucleus raphe pallidus: a study using anterograde transport with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal hypothalamic area ; Descending fibers ; Nucleus raphe pallidus ; PHA-L ; Electron microscope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A hypothalamic projection to the nucleus raphe pallidus of the medulla was examined using the anterograde tracing technique based on Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in the rat. After the iontophoretic application of PHA-L to the dorsal hypothalamic area, labeled fibers that finally ended in the nucleus raphe pallidus were observed descending through the most medial part of the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to reach the medial aspect of the pyramid. Many varicose fibers forming a loose plexus were observed in the nucleus raphe pallidus, especially ventrally. The ventral surface of the pyramid and the most ventral region of the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL) contained labeled varicose fibers. At the electron microscopic level, the labeled profiles in the nucleus raphe pallidus were small-sized unmyelinated axons and axon terminals. Labeled axon terminals containing spherical synaptic vesicles formed synapses on spine-like protrusions or small-sized dendritic shafts. These results strongly indicate that neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area have a direct connection with neurons in the nucleus raphe pallidus and the ventral part of the PGCL. The possible involvement of this pathway in cardiovascular regulation was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248528
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Descending input from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 85 (1991), S. 10-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ; PHA-L ; Spinal projection ; Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Dendritic organization ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The descending projection of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the upper thoracic cord of the rat was studied. PVN-fibers were labeled by anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), while SPNs were retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) which was injected into the superior cervical ganglion. SPNs labeled with CTb were mainly observed in the nucleus intermediolateralis (IML) pars principalis and pars funicularis, and a small number of them were in the nucleus intercalatus (IC) and central autonomic nucleus (CA). SPNs found in the IML had dendrites that projected in various directions. Five types of dendritic projections were noted: medial, rostral, caudal, lateral (including dorsolateral) and ventral. Longitudinal dendritic bundles interconnected each cell cluster in the IML. Medial dendrites of the IML, together with dendrites of the IC and CA, formed transverse dendritic bundles extending from the IML to the central canal. The transverse dendritic bundles disentangled near the midline and formed a loose dendritic plexus in the region just dorsal to the central canal. PVN-fibers labeled with PHA-L were observed primarily in lamina I and intermediate gray (lamina VII). Although varicose PVN-fibers and SPNs coexisted in the IML, the tight packing of the dendritic bundles prevented any clear demonstration of direct contacts between them. On the other hand, PVN-fibers were occasionally found to appose and wind around the primary or secondary dendrites of some SPNs of the CA and IC. These dendrites were studded with varicosities of PVN-fibers for a short length, and terminal boutons of PVN-fibers were also seen to make contact directly with the dendrites. The results of this study substantiated a direct connection between the PVN and SPNs, using a combination of immunohistochemical techniques for PHA-L and CTb. The possible involvement of a direct pathway from the PVN to SPNs in cardiovascular regulation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229982
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coincidence of “ladder-like patterns” in distributions of monoaminergic terminals and sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat spinal cord (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Monoaminergic terminals ; Dendritic organization ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A ladder-like pattern of distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) was compared with that of monoaminergic terminals in the upper thoracic spinal cord of the rat. SPNs were identified by a retrograde labeling with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) injected into the superior cervical ganglia of both sides. Monoaminergic terminals were stained immunohistochemically by using antisera raised against 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) or dopamine- β -hydroxylase (DBH). SPNs showing full dendritic arbors were found in all of the sympathetic preganglionic nuclei. They formed a ladder in the horizontal plane. The nucleus intermediolateralis was connected with the central autonomic nucleus by many transverse dendritic bundles. Photomontages of serial sections of material stained alternatively with antisera against CTb and 5-HT or DBH clearly showed a close correlation between SPNs and monoaminergic terminals. There is no transverse dendritic bundle of SPNs without the accompaniment of monoaminergic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231058
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thoracolumbar sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the dorsal commissural nucleus of the male rat: an immunohistochemical study using retrograde labeling of cholera toxin subunit B (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 98 (1994), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Cholera toxin ; Pelvic ganglion ; Dorsal commissural nucleus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cell morphology of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the dorsal commissural nucleus was studied by the retrograde labeling technique using cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) as a tracer. A small amount of an aqueous solution of CTb was injected unilaterally into the major pelvic ganglion of the male rat. Labeled SPNs were detected immunohistochemically using anti-CTb antiserum. Most of the labeled SPNs were observed in L1 to L3, and a very small number in T13. They were observed bilaterally in the sympathetic nuclei, such as the intermediolateral cell column, intercalated nucleus and the dorsal commissural nucleus. A loose network of longitudinally or transversely oriented SPN dendrites was located within the dorsal commissural nucleus itself. The lateral margin of the dorsal commissural nucleus was roughly demarcated by longitudinally oriented dendrites. Together with the dendrites of the SPNs of the intercalated and intermediolateral cell column, laterally oriented dendrites of the dorsal commissural nucleus converged and formed the transverse dendritic bundles in the intermediate zone that connect the dorsal commissural nucleus and the intermediolateral cell column. The transverse dendritic bundles were arranged periodically. The axons of the SPNs in the dorsal commissural nucleus traveled laterally into the transverse dendritic bundles, then turned ventrally near the intermediolateral cell column, and finally entered the ventral funiculus. After rhizotomy of the ventral roots of the upper lumbar cord, labeled SPNs were found only on the side contralateral to the rhizotomy. The dorsal commissural nucleus appears as a compact single cell column, but our results clearly show that this nucleus actually consists of two adjacent parallel columns of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229105
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxytocinergic innervation to the upper thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 107 (1995), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Oxytocin ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A combination of retrograde cell body labeling and immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate how oxytocinergic fibers make contact with sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the rat spinal cord from T1 to T4. SPNs were labeled retrogradely using cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated CTb. Oxytocin-immunoreactive (ir) fibers were found in the intermediate zone, including the sympathetic preganglionic subnuclei. In the central autonomie nucleus and the intercalated nucleus, brown-stained oxytocin-ir varicosities or terminals were frequently observed to stud black-stained dendrites of SPNs. Electron microscopical observations showed that oxytocin-ir terminals form synapses with dendrites or soma of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The terminals contained numerous small clear round vesicles and a few large, cored vesicles. These results clearly show that a large proportion of SPNs are innervated by oxytocin-containing fibers. The origin of these fibers is discussed, and it is concluded that they are probably descending fibers from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228011
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylcholine and adenosine activate the G protein-gated muscarinic K+ channel in ferret ventricular myocytes (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1995), S. 610-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Ferret ; Ventricular myocytes ; Acetylcholine ; Adenosine ; Muscarinic K+ ; channel ; G protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The properties of the K+ channel activated by acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine (Ado) were examined in single ferret ventricular myocytes using patch-clamp techniques. In the whole-cell configuration, ACh and Ado induced an inwardly rectifying K+ current and shortened the action potential duration. The effect of ACh was blocked by atropine, while the Ado effect was interrupted by 8-cyclopenty1,1,2-dipropyl xanthine, a specific Ado A1 receptor antagonist. In cell-attached recordings, ACh and Ado added to the pipette solution activated a single population of inwardly rectifying K+ channels, distinct from the i K1 channel. The channel had a slope conductance of ∼ 40 pS in symmetrical 150 mM K+ solutions and a mean open time of 0.8 ms. Excision of the patch into the inside-out patch configuration in guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-free solution abolished the channel activity. The channel was reversibly reactivated by adding GTP to the intracellular side of the patch. GTPγS activated the channel irreversibly. When the inside-out patch was treated with the A protomer of pertussis toxin (PTX), intracellular GTP no longer activated the K+ channel. The results show that ferret ventricular myocytes possess a K+ channel activated by both muscarinic and Ado A1 receptors. Its electrophysiological properties and the gating by a PTX-sensitive G protein in a membrane-delimited fashion are identical with those of the muscarinic K+ channels in nodal and atrial tissues of other species. In conclusion, the G protein-gated muscarinic K+ channel is expressed in ferret ventricular myocardium and may underlie the direct negative inotropism of ACh and Ado in this tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170160
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...