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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and distribution of the spinal and hypophyseal projection neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat. A light and electron microscopic study with the horseradish peroxidase method (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 315-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ; Spinal projection neuron ; Hypophyseal projection neuron ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of labeled neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) was studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal cord (C8 to T1) or the hypophysis in the rat. Injections were also made in the spinal cord in another group of animals, which were subjected to water deprivation for a period of 3 days, and the PVN of these animals was examined with the electron microscope. Spinal projection neurons (paraventriculospinal tract, PVST, neurons) formed two groups; the dorsal and the ventral groups. They were located within the parvocellular part of the PVN and fused into one at the caudal level. The neurons of the dorsal group were well assembled whereas those of the ventral group were intermingled with paraventriculohypophyseal tract (PVHT) neurons, which were concentrated in the magnocellular part. Electron microscopic observations revealed that HRP-labeled neurons after spinal injections did not contain neurosecretory granules and that they were not affected by water deprivation. On the other hand, neurons containing a number of neurosecretory granules displayed a significant degree of dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum as the result of water deprivation. These neurons contained no HRP granules. The present findings suggest that the PVST neurons are distinct from the PVHT neurons and that the neuronal groups of both systems form different cell columns within the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236618
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of spinal projection neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat, studied with the HRP method (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal tract neuron ; Hypothalamus ; HRP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and number of hypothalamospinal tract (HST) neurons were studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at various levels of the rat spinal cord. The hypothalamus was divided into four areas and one nucleus, that is, the dorsal (DHA), posterior (PHA), medial (MHA) and lateral (LHA) hypothalamic areas and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The total numbers of HST neurons labeled with HRP varied according to the injection levels: 6,160 (C2 injections), 3,808 (T8), 1,961 (L1), 919 (L7) and 13 (S4). With C2 injections LHA contained 3,464 neurons, which accounted for 56% of the full number of HST neurons; similarly, PVN, 1,114 (18%); MHA, 865 (14%); DHA and PHA, 817 (12%). With L7 injections, LHA contained 444 labeled neurons, which accounted for 48% of the total; PVN, 327 (36%); MHA, 71 (8%); DHA with PHA, 77 (8%). As for the rostrocaudal distribution of labeled neurons, there was only a slight difference between the C2 and L6 injections in LHA, but no difference was noticed in PVN, DHA nor PHA. The present findings suggest that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords. Although the number of labeled HST neurons decreased as the injection sites were placed caudally, no clearcut topographical arrangement was recognized in terms of the spinal projection levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236665
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxytocinergic innervation to the upper thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 107 (1995), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Oxytocin ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A combination of retrograde cell body labeling and immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate how oxytocinergic fibers make contact with sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the rat spinal cord from T1 to T4. SPNs were labeled retrogradely using cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated CTb. Oxytocin-immunoreactive (ir) fibers were found in the intermediate zone, including the sympathetic preganglionic subnuclei. In the central autonomie nucleus and the intercalated nucleus, brown-stained oxytocin-ir varicosities or terminals were frequently observed to stud black-stained dendrites of SPNs. Electron microscopical observations showed that oxytocin-ir terminals form synapses with dendrites or soma of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The terminals contained numerous small clear round vesicles and a few large, cored vesicles. These results clearly show that a large proportion of SPNs are innervated by oxytocin-containing fibers. The origin of these fibers is discussed, and it is concluded that they are probably descending fibers from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The topographical organization of neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area that project to the spinal cord or to the nucleus raphé pallidus in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 500-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: HRP ; Dorsal hypothalamic area ; Descending efferents ; Nucleus raphé pallidus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was undertaken using retrograde labeling techniques to clarify whether the neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area (DHA) that project to the spinal cord are the same as those that project to the nucleus raphé pallidus (NRP). Following an injection of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the NRP many labeled small neurons (6–13×9–22 μm) with an oval shape were found in the ventromedial part of the DHA. At the level of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, they formed a distinct and compact cell cluster. Labeled neurons, which were large in size (9–22×11–36 μm) with oval and triangular shapes, were found mainly in the dorsolateral part of the DHA after injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the spinal cord. In a double-labeling experiment, Fast Blue or True Blue, and Nuclear Yellow were injected in the NRP and in the spinal cord, respectively. A large number of blue-fluorescent neurons were located mostly in the ventromedial part of the DHA, while yellow-fluorescent ones were found in the dorsolateral part of the DHA. However, no double-labeled neurons were found in the DHA. These results show that the neurons of the DHA projecting to the NRP are essentially different from those which project to the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270682
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation properties of hydromagnetic waves in a hot plasma and right-hand polarized PC1 and PC5
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 31 (1983), S. 473-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0032-0633(83)90159-9
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation characteristics of hydromagnetic waves in a cold plasma mixed with a hot plasma and right-hand polarized Pc1 and Pc5
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 31 (1983), S. 913-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0032-0633(83)90146-0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of sympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating the superior cervical ganglion in the chicken: an immunohistochemical study using retrograde labeling of cholera toxin subunit B (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 89 (1992), S. 478-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Retrograde labeling ; Cholera toxin ; Superior cervical ganglion ; Column of Terni ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preganglionic sympathetic neurons (SPNs) in the chicken were demonstrated immunohistochemically using cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) as a retrograde tracer. After injection of CTb-solution into the superior cervical ganglion, labeled SPNs were mainly found in the ipsilateral sympathetic preganglionic column of Terni (the column of Terni), with only a few in the intermediate zone. They were observed from the caudal half of the 15th cervical segment to the rostral tip of the 3rd thoracic segment. Cell somata of SPNs were loosely packed with-in the column of Terni, where they had an elliptic shape with the long axis oriented rostrocaudally. In the horizontal plane three kinds of dendrites could be discriminated on the basis of their orientation. Longitudinally oriented dendrites emanated from the rostral and the caudal poles of the SPNs. Medially oriented dendrites were observed to cross the midline and enter the contralateral column of Terni, where they further branched to form a loose dendritic plexus; some extended beyond the lateral limit of the contralateral column of Terni to reach the intermediate zone. Laterally oriented dendrites formed periodically arranged dendritic bundles projecting into the intermediate zone. The present findings provide a detailed account of the dendritic organization of SPNs in the chicken, and suggest that avian SPNs share certain structural features in common with mammalian SPNs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229871
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coincidence of “ladder-like patterns” in distributions of monoaminergic terminals and sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat spinal cord (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 86 (1991), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Monoaminergic terminals ; Dendritic organization ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A ladder-like pattern of distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) was compared with that of monoaminergic terminals in the upper thoracic spinal cord of the rat. SPNs were identified by a retrograde labeling with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) injected into the superior cervical ganglia of both sides. Monoaminergic terminals were stained immunohistochemically by using antisera raised against 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) or dopamine- β -hydroxylase (DBH). SPNs showing full dendritic arbors were found in all of the sympathetic preganglionic nuclei. They formed a ladder in the horizontal plane. The nucleus intermediolateralis was connected with the central autonomic nucleus by many transverse dendritic bundles. Photomontages of serial sections of material stained alternatively with antisera against CTb and 5-HT or DBH clearly showed a close correlation between SPNs and monoaminergic terminals. There is no transverse dendritic bundle of SPNs without the accompaniment of monoaminergic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231058
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thoracolumbar sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the dorsal commissural nucleus of the male rat: an immunohistochemical study using retrograde labeling of cholera toxin subunit B (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 98 (1994), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Cholera toxin ; Pelvic ganglion ; Dorsal commissural nucleus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cell morphology of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the dorsal commissural nucleus was studied by the retrograde labeling technique using cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) as a tracer. A small amount of an aqueous solution of CTb was injected unilaterally into the major pelvic ganglion of the male rat. Labeled SPNs were detected immunohistochemically using anti-CTb antiserum. Most of the labeled SPNs were observed in L1 to L3, and a very small number in T13. They were observed bilaterally in the sympathetic nuclei, such as the intermediolateral cell column, intercalated nucleus and the dorsal commissural nucleus. A loose network of longitudinally or transversely oriented SPN dendrites was located within the dorsal commissural nucleus itself. The lateral margin of the dorsal commissural nucleus was roughly demarcated by longitudinally oriented dendrites. Together with the dendrites of the SPNs of the intercalated and intermediolateral cell column, laterally oriented dendrites of the dorsal commissural nucleus converged and formed the transverse dendritic bundles in the intermediate zone that connect the dorsal commissural nucleus and the intermediolateral cell column. The transverse dendritic bundles were arranged periodically. The axons of the SPNs in the dorsal commissural nucleus traveled laterally into the transverse dendritic bundles, then turned ventrally near the intermediolateral cell column, and finally entered the ventral funiculus. After rhizotomy of the ventral roots of the upper lumbar cord, labeled SPNs were found only on the side contralateral to the rhizotomy. The dorsal commissural nucleus appears as a compact single cell column, but our results clearly show that this nucleus actually consists of two adjacent parallel columns of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of3H-GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and3H-leucine in the pancreatic islets and substantia nigra of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated pancreatic islets and thin slices of substantia nigra (SN) of the rat were incubated in a medium containing3H-GABA or3H-leucine to test the activity of both tissues in the uptake of those substances. Pancreatic islets showed a low uptake of both3H-GABA and3H-leucine, but SN had a high activity in the uptake of3H-GABA, though not for3H-leucine. This suggests that GABA contained at high levels in the pancreatic islets plays some functional role other than in neurotransmission as in the central nervous system (CNS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02004018
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