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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation characteristics of hydromagnetic waves in a cold plasma mixed with a hot plasma and right-hand polarized Pc1 and Pc5
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 31 (1983), S. 913-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0032-0633(83)90146-0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation properties of hydromagnetic waves in a hot plasma and right-hand polarized PC1 and PC5
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 31 (1983), S. 473-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0032-0633(83)90159-9
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of3H-GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and3H-leucine in the pancreatic islets and substantia nigra of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated pancreatic islets and thin slices of substantia nigra (SN) of the rat were incubated in a medium containing3H-GABA or3H-leucine to test the activity of both tissues in the uptake of those substances. Pancreatic islets showed a low uptake of both3H-GABA and3H-leucine, but SN had a high activity in the uptake of3H-GABA, though not for3H-leucine. This suggests that GABA contained at high levels in the pancreatic islets plays some functional role other than in neurotransmission as in the central nervous system (CNS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02004018
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and distribution of the spinal and hypophyseal projection neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat. A light and electron microscopic study with the horseradish peroxidase method (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 315-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ; Spinal projection neuron ; Hypophyseal projection neuron ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of labeled neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) was studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal cord (C8 to T1) or the hypophysis in the rat. Injections were also made in the spinal cord in another group of animals, which were subjected to water deprivation for a period of 3 days, and the PVN of these animals was examined with the electron microscope. Spinal projection neurons (paraventriculospinal tract, PVST, neurons) formed two groups; the dorsal and the ventral groups. They were located within the parvocellular part of the PVN and fused into one at the caudal level. The neurons of the dorsal group were well assembled whereas those of the ventral group were intermingled with paraventriculohypophyseal tract (PVHT) neurons, which were concentrated in the magnocellular part. Electron microscopic observations revealed that HRP-labeled neurons after spinal injections did not contain neurosecretory granules and that they were not affected by water deprivation. On the other hand, neurons containing a number of neurosecretory granules displayed a significant degree of dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum as the result of water deprivation. These neurons contained no HRP granules. The present findings suggest that the PVST neurons are distinct from the PVHT neurons and that the neuronal groups of both systems form different cell columns within the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236618
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of spinal projection neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat, studied with the HRP method (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal tract neuron ; Hypothalamus ; HRP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and number of hypothalamospinal tract (HST) neurons were studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at various levels of the rat spinal cord. The hypothalamus was divided into four areas and one nucleus, that is, the dorsal (DHA), posterior (PHA), medial (MHA) and lateral (LHA) hypothalamic areas and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The total numbers of HST neurons labeled with HRP varied according to the injection levels: 6,160 (C2 injections), 3,808 (T8), 1,961 (L1), 919 (L7) and 13 (S4). With C2 injections LHA contained 3,464 neurons, which accounted for 56% of the full number of HST neurons; similarly, PVN, 1,114 (18%); MHA, 865 (14%); DHA and PHA, 817 (12%). With L7 injections, LHA contained 444 labeled neurons, which accounted for 48% of the total; PVN, 327 (36%); MHA, 71 (8%); DHA with PHA, 77 (8%). As for the rostrocaudal distribution of labeled neurons, there was only a slight difference between the C2 and L6 injections in LHA, but no difference was noticed in PVN, DHA nor PHA. The present findings suggest that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords. Although the number of labeled HST neurons decreased as the injection sites were placed caudally, no clearcut topographical arrangement was recognized in terms of the spinal projection levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236665
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence microscopic differentiation of monoamines in the hypothalamus and spinal cord of the lamprey, using a new filter system (1974)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 40 (1974), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using a new filter system for fluorescence microscopy, in the hypothalamic area and spinal cord of the lamprey the yellow fluorescent cells and varicosities could clearly be differentiated from the blue-green fluorescent cells and varicosities. On the basis of the criteria for monoamines, the blue-green fluorescence and the yellow one were due to catecholamine and indolealkylamine (most probably 5-hydroxytryptamine), respectively. This filter system can specially be recommended for observations and color microphotography of monoamine fluorescence in trasmitted-light darkfield fluorescence microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501961
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The topographical organization of neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area that project to the spinal cord or to the nucleus raphé pallidus in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 500-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: HRP ; Dorsal hypothalamic area ; Descending efferents ; Nucleus raphé pallidus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was undertaken using retrograde labeling techniques to clarify whether the neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area (DHA) that project to the spinal cord are the same as those that project to the nucleus raphé pallidus (NRP). Following an injection of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the NRP many labeled small neurons (6–13×9–22 μm) with an oval shape were found in the ventromedial part of the DHA. At the level of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, they formed a distinct and compact cell cluster. Labeled neurons, which were large in size (9–22×11–36 μm) with oval and triangular shapes, were found mainly in the dorsolateral part of the DHA after injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the spinal cord. In a double-labeling experiment, Fast Blue or True Blue, and Nuclear Yellow were injected in the NRP and in the spinal cord, respectively. A large number of blue-fluorescent neurons were located mostly in the ventromedial part of the DHA, while yellow-fluorescent ones were found in the dorsolateral part of the DHA. However, no double-labeled neurons were found in the DHA. These results show that the neurons of the DHA projecting to the NRP are essentially different from those which project to the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270682
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct projection from the dorsal hypothalamic area to the nucleus raphe pallidus: a study using anterograde transport with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal hypothalamic area ; Descending fibers ; Nucleus raphe pallidus ; PHA-L ; Electron microscope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A hypothalamic projection to the nucleus raphe pallidus of the medulla was examined using the anterograde tracing technique based on Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in the rat. After the iontophoretic application of PHA-L to the dorsal hypothalamic area, labeled fibers that finally ended in the nucleus raphe pallidus were observed descending through the most medial part of the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to reach the medial aspect of the pyramid. Many varicose fibers forming a loose plexus were observed in the nucleus raphe pallidus, especially ventrally. The ventral surface of the pyramid and the most ventral region of the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL) contained labeled varicose fibers. At the electron microscopic level, the labeled profiles in the nucleus raphe pallidus were small-sized unmyelinated axons and axon terminals. Labeled axon terminals containing spherical synaptic vesicles formed synapses on spine-like protrusions or small-sized dendritic shafts. These results strongly indicate that neurons in the dorsal hypothalamic area have a direct connection with neurons in the nucleus raphe pallidus and the ventral part of the PGCL. The possible involvement of this pathway in cardiovascular regulation was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248528
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Descending projections from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the A5 area, including the superior salivatory nucleus, in the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ; Descending fibers ; Superior salivatory nucleus ; A5 neurons ; PHA-L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The descending projection of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the A5 area was elucidated using a technique that combines retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), anterograde labeling with PHA-L (Phaseolus vulgaris) leucoagglutinin and immunohistochemistry for dopamineβ-hydroxylase (DBH). Following an iontophoretic injection of PHA-L into the PVN, HRP was applied to the greater petrosal nerve. Frozen sections of the hypothalamus and the caudal pons were first treated according to a protocol for HRP histochemistry using tetramethylbenzidine with cobalt-enhanced diaminobenzidine, and then they were processed for displaying PHA-L, and then for DBH immunohistochemistry. PHA-L labeled fibers from the PVN were observed in a ventrolateral part of the pontine reticular formation corresponding to the A5 area, where they give rise to a dense network around the cells of origin of the greater petrosal nerve (GPN cells) and DBH-positive cells. Terminals or varicosities labeled with PHA-L were preferentially observed around the somata of GPN cells, suggesting direct contact. However, apparent contact between both elements was hardly ever observed. On the other hand, terminals or varicosities were occasionally observed in close relation to DBH positive cells. These results suggest that descending fibers of the PVN project more strongly to GPN cells than to DBH-positive cells. The relationship of this fiber pathway to control of the secretomotor or cardiovascular systems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228793
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Descending input from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 85 (1991), S. 10-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ; PHA-L ; Spinal projection ; Sympathetic preganglionic neurons ; Dendritic organization ; Cholera toxin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The descending projection of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the upper thoracic cord of the rat was studied. PVN-fibers were labeled by anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), while SPNs were retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) which was injected into the superior cervical ganglion. SPNs labeled with CTb were mainly observed in the nucleus intermediolateralis (IML) pars principalis and pars funicularis, and a small number of them were in the nucleus intercalatus (IC) and central autonomic nucleus (CA). SPNs found in the IML had dendrites that projected in various directions. Five types of dendritic projections were noted: medial, rostral, caudal, lateral (including dorsolateral) and ventral. Longitudinal dendritic bundles interconnected each cell cluster in the IML. Medial dendrites of the IML, together with dendrites of the IC and CA, formed transverse dendritic bundles extending from the IML to the central canal. The transverse dendritic bundles disentangled near the midline and formed a loose dendritic plexus in the region just dorsal to the central canal. PVN-fibers labeled with PHA-L were observed primarily in lamina I and intermediate gray (lamina VII). Although varicose PVN-fibers and SPNs coexisted in the IML, the tight packing of the dendritic bundles prevented any clear demonstration of direct contacts between them. On the other hand, PVN-fibers were occasionally found to appose and wind around the primary or secondary dendrites of some SPNs of the CA and IC. These dendrites were studded with varicosities of PVN-fibers for a short length, and terminal boutons of PVN-fibers were also seen to make contact directly with the dendrites. The results of this study substantiated a direct connection between the PVN and SPNs, using a combination of immunohistochemical techniques for PHA-L and CTb. The possible involvement of a direct pathway from the PVN to SPNs in cardiovascular regulation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229982
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