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  • ESWL  (1)
  • Employment growth  (1)
  • Firm size  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: ESWL ; Shock waves ; MDCK cells ; LDH ; GOT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has become an almost non-invasive standard treatment modality for urolithiasis. Several investigations, however, demonstrated that ESWL is not completely free of side effects. Among others alteration of renal tubular function has been reported. To study the effect of shock waves on tubular cells directly an in-vitro model with cultured Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells was established. Suspensions of MDCK cells (7 groups of 6 containers each) were exposed to 0, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 shock waves (Dornier HM4, 18 kV). Before and 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 h after ESWL the following parameters were measured in the nutrient medium: lactate dehydroxygenase (LDH), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), electrolytes. LDH and GOT increased depending on the number of shock waves indicating a membrane damage of MDCK cells. The MDCK model seems suitable for further studies on the effect of shock waves on renal tubular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 3 (1993), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Innovation ; Product-related R&D ; Employment growth ; Firm size ; Information technology ; O33 ; J23 ; C23
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We analyze the influence of innovation on growth rates of employment in 859 Dutch manufacturing firms over the period 1983–1988. Whereas the (growth of the) R&D intensity of firms has a slightly negative impact on employment, we find that firms with a high share of product-related R&D (as a proxi of R&D related to industrial activities in an early stage of the life cycle) experienced an above average growth of employment. The same holds for firms which directed their R&D towards information technology. Smaller firms have, ceteris paribus, substantially higher growth rates of employment than their larger counterparts. Against our expectations, R&D cooperation has no significant impact on employment growth. The same holds for activities in the fields of biotechnology and new materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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