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  • Stress  (8)
  • Eating time  (5)
  • Pimozide  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apomorphine anorexia: A behavioural and neuropharmacological analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Haloperidol ; Thioridazine ; Central drug administration ; Dopamine ; Feeding behaviour ; Microstructural analysis ; Eating rate ; Eating time ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anorectic effects of apomorphine were studied in a microstructural analysis paradigm. Low doses of apomorphine (〈0.1 mg/kg SC) reduced food intake, by reducting both the rate of eating and eating time. The neuroleptics haloperidol and thioridazine blocked the effect of apomorphine on eating time, but not on eating rate. Anorectic effects elicited by apomorphine administration to the ventral tegmental area and, to a lesser extent, the substantia nigra were mediated by a selective reduction of eating time. Effects of apomorphine on eating time appear to result from an action at presynaptic dopamine receptors; the mechanism of the effect of apomorphine on eating rate is unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432720
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apomorphine anorexia: The role of dopamine cell body autoreceptors (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Sulpiride ; Central drug administration ; Dopamine ; Autoreceptors ; Feeding behaviour ; Microstructural analysis ; Eating rate ; Eating time ; Ventral tegmental area ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anorectic effects of apomorphine were studied in a microstructural analysis paradigm. Systemic apomorphine reduced food intake by reducing both the rate of eating and the time spent eating. Peripheral administration of sulpiride reversed the apomorphine effect on both eating rate and eating time but central administration of this neuroleptic into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) selectively reversed the apomorphine effect on eating time, sparing eating rate. Administration of apomorphine directly into the VTA reduced eating time but not eating rate; the effect on eating time was blocked by peripheral sulpiride. The results imply that the two components of apomorphine anorexia result from actions at different sites. Effects of apomorphine on eating time appear to result from an action on DA cell body autoreceptors. The apomorphine effect on eating rate appears to be mediated elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175191
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tests of functional equivalence between pimozide pretreatment, extinction and free feeding (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anhedonia ; Drive ; Extinction ; Free feeding ; Neuroleptic ; Pimozide ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Both pimozide pretreatment and free feeding caused within-session and between-session decrements in variable interval operant performance; response decrements generated under pimozide were maintained on transfer to free feeding, and vice versa. On subsequently testing under extinction conditions (after food deprivation and drug free) large initial increases in responding were seen in all groups, and subsequent response decrements in extinction were steeper than in either pimozide or free feeding conditions. The effects of pimozide pretreatment do not resemble those of extinction, but may in some circumstances be functionally equivalent to a decrease in drive level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181960
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity in an animal model of depression (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; DMI ; Sucrose preference ; Microstructural analysis ; Apomorphine ; Eating time ; Eating rate ; Dopamine autoreceptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats exposed for 6 weeks to a variety of mild unpredictable stressors showed reduced consumption of a preferred sucrose solution. The deficit was apparent after 1 week of stress and was maintained for at least 2 weeks after termination of the stress regime. Sucrose preference was unaffected by 2 weeks of treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant DMI but returned to normal after 3 weeks of DMI treatment. Subsensitivity to the anorexic effect of a low dose of apomorphine was seen in vehicle-treated stressed animals, and in unstressed animals following withdrawal from DMI. In both cases, the changes resulted from a failure of apomorphine to reduce eating time (rather than from changes in eating rate); this effect is assumed to represent a subsensitive response to stimulation of dopamine cell body autoreceptors. As the same effect is seen in anhedonic stressed animals and in animals withdrawn from DMI, it is concluded that dopamine autoreceptor desensitization probably does not contribute to clinical improvement following chronic antidepressant treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212853
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apomorphine anorexia: the role of dopamine receptors in the ventral forebrain (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Sulpiride ; SCH-23390 ; Central drug administration ; Dopamine autoreceptors ; Feeding behaviour ; Microstructural analysis ; Eating rate ; Eating time ; Open field ; Nucleus accumbens ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of feeding following the administration of apomorphine, systemically or directly into the nucleus accumbens/ventral striatum, was studied using a microstructural analysis paradigm. On systemic administration, apomorphine reduced food consumption, eating rate and eating time; the effects were blocked by sulpiride but not by SCH-23390. Two doses of apomorphine were administered centrally. Both doses reduced total food intake and eating rate; only the higher dose also reduced eating time; all of these effects were blocked by sulpiride pretreatment. Only the lower dose reduced locomotor activity and rearing in the open field. The results suggest that apomorphine reduces eating rate by an action on dopamine (DA) axon terminal autoreceptors. We have previously demonstrated that apomorphine reduces eating time by an action on DA cell body autoreceptors. Therefore, the two populations of DA autoreceptors appear to be differentially involved in behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431545
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by the atypical antidepressants, fluoxetine and maprotiline (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 109 (1992), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Sucrose drinking ; Place preference conditioning ; Reward ; Fluoxetine ; Maprotiline ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to depress the consumption of palatable sweet solutions. In the present study this effect was reversed by chronic (9 weeks) treatment with the atypical antidepressants, fluoxetine and maprotiline (5 mg/kg/day); the non-antidepressant chlordiazepoxide was ineffective. Stressed animals were also subsensitive to food reward in the place conditioning procedure; however, fluoxetine and maprotiline treated animals showed normal place preference conditioning. Acute pretreatment with raclopride (100 µg/kg) selectively reversed the recovery of sucrose drinking in antidepressant-treated stressed animals. These results extend previous reports of the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in this paradigm, and support the hypothesis of a dopaminergic mechanism of antidepressant action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247719
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pimozide does not impair sweetness discrimination (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sucrose ; Preference ; Discrimination ; 2-Bottle test ; T-maze ; Pimozide ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an initial experiment pimozide decreased preference for a weak sucrose solution but increased preference for a strong solution on the descending limb of the concentration-intake function. As these effects resemble those of dilution, we therefore investigated whether pimozide decreases the perceived intensity of sweet stimuli. Rats were trained to perform a conditional discrimination in a T-maze. A correct response was rewarded by access to a 10% sucrose solution; an incorrect response was punished by confinement in the non-rewarded arm. In the first part of this experiment the discriminative stimulus, located at the choice point of the T-maze, was either water or sucrose, initially a 10% solution, but reduced gradually to 0.0003%. In the second part of the experiment, the discriminative stimulus was either 1% sucrose or a weaker solution, which was initially 0.0001% then raised gradually to 0.5%. Performance fell below 75% accuracy at 0 versus 0.0012% and at 1% versus 0.1%. Pimozide (0.5 mg/kg) administered at these (and other) levels of difficulty decreased running speed but had no effect on discrimination accuracy. As pimozide did not affect either the threshold for sweetness perception or the discrimination of a just noticeable difference, the decreased responsiveness of neuroleptic-treated rats to sweet rewards cannot be explained by a change in the perception of sweetness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245934
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subsensitivity to rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects of a dopamine agonist following chronic mild stress (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 152-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Place preference conditioning ; Reward-Locomotor activity ; Amphetamine ; Quinpirole ; Dopamine ; D2 receptor ; Nucleus accumbens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to reduce or abolish the acquisition of place preference conditioning. In the present study, chronic mild stress was found to abolish the acquisition of preferences for a distinctive environment paired with systemic administration of amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or quinpirole (100–400 µg/kg) or with quinpirole (0.75 µg) administered bilaterally within the nucleus accumbens. The locomotor stimulant effects of quinpirole (100–400 µg/kg) were also attenuated in stressed animals. The results suggest that decreased sensitivity to reward following chronic mild stress results from a decreased sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors within the nucleus accumbens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246965
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of antidepressant action by dopamine antagonists in an animal model of depression (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Sucrose ; Saccharin ; Antidepressant ; Desmethylimipramine ; Amitriptyline ; Dopamine ; SCH-23390 ; Sulpiride ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats subjected chronically (12 weeks) to a variety of mild, unpredictable stressors showed a reduced consumption of sucrose or a sucrose/saccharin mixture in two-bottle consumption tests (sweet solution versus water). The deficit was apparent within 2 weeks of stress; normal behaviour was restored by chronic (7 weeks) treatment with the tricyclic antidepressants desmethylimipramine (DMI) or amitriptyline (AMI). Acute administration of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 1 week after withdrawal, or the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride 2 weeks after withdrawal, were without effect in vehicle-treated stressed animals, and in non-stressed animals. However, the DA antagonists selectively reversed the improvement of performance in DMI- or AMI-treated stressed animals. This suggests that an increase in functional activity at DA synapses is the mechanism of action of DMI and AMI in this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245655
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of imipramine on serotonergic and beta-adrenergic receptor binding in a realistic animal model of depression (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 114 (1994), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Imipramine ; Animal model of depression ; Receptor bind ; Beta-receptors ; 5HT1A receptors ; 5HT2 receptors ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress (CMS) has previously been found to cause an antidepressant-reversible decrease in the consumption of palatable sweet solutions. In the present study, in addition to confirming these behavioural observations, the binding properties of cortical beta-adrenergic and 5HT2 receptors, and hippocampal 5HT1A receptors were studied (using the ligands [3H]-dihydroalprenolol, [3H]-ketanserin and [3H]-8-OH-DPAT, respectively), following 7 weeks of CMS and 4 weeks of imipramine treatment (10mg/kg per day). CMS increased Bmax for all three receptor systems. Impramine decreased Bmax, reversing the effect of CMS, for beta-adrenergic and 5HT2 receptor binding, but increased Bmax for 5HT1A receptor binding. KDs were unaffected by either treatment. The beta-receptor and 5HT2 receptor binding data are consistent with accounts of antidepressant action derived from studies in normal animals, but the 5HT1A receptor binding data are more difficult to reconcile. In no case was there a good correlation between receptor binding and behavioural data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244853
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