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  • Electron microscopy  (9)
  • Freeze-fracturing  (6)
  • Renin  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 123-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat-placenta ; Gap junctions ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The placental labyrinth of the chorioallantoic placenta of the rat was studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Full-term placentas were investigated after perfusion fixation from the maternal and fetal circulation, including thin-sectioning and freeze-fracturing. The labyrinthal three-dimensional structure was found not to be trabecular but spongious lamellar. We propose a division of the lamellae into three groups—the first, second, and third order. The trophoblastic layers are described in detail, showing a cellular layer I and two syncytial layers II and III. Layer I is found to be fenestrated and highly permeable. Layers II and III are connected by extended gap junction areas. It is suggested that the gap junctions function as a molecular sieve and represent the limiting barrier in diaplacental transport of the choriollantoic placenta. Fetal capillaries are fenestrated and endothelial cells are connected by tight junctions. The functional significance of the morphologic findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 331 (1972), S. 226-232 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular Granules ; Renin ; Newborn Rat Kidney ; Subcellular Fractionation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Differential centrifugation of newborn rat kidney homogenate produced a fraction containing juxtaglomerular granules. The granular fraction had a pressor activity 7.4 times higher per mg protein than the respective homogenate. Electron microscopy showed juxtaglomerular granules in both the epitheloid cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and the granular fraction. It is concluded that the concept of newborn rat kidney as an agranular model for the investigation of production and release of renin has to be modified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 421-434 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Giant mitochondria ; Transitional epithelium ; Urinary bladder (mole) ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Harnblasenepithel des Maulwurfs wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Bei bestimmten Tieren finden sich in den Intermediärzellen „matrixreiche“ Riesenmitochondrien. Diese Riesenmitochondrien scheinen aus normalen Mitochondrien hervorzugehen und enthalten verschieden geformte Einschlüsse. Andere Organe und Zellen bei Maulwürfen mit Riesenmitochondrien in den Intermediärzellen des Harnblasenepithels weisen normale Mitochondrien auf. Es handelt sich demnach hier um eine sog. „Mitochondriose der Intermediärzellen“. Bedeutung, Bildung und Abbau der Riesenmitochondrien werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Giant mitochondria containing an enormous matrix volume were found in the intermediary cells of the urinary bladder transitional epithelium of the mole. Regularly shaped mitochondria develop club-like protrusions forming giant mitochondria that contain several types of inclusions. Various other tissues were examined, but we could state that giant mitochondria exist only in the intermediary cells of the urinary bladder epithelium. Thus a peculiar “intermediary cell mitochondriosis” is described in this paper, not regularly occurring in the mole. The functional significance of the giant mitochondria is discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 457-469 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Rat ; Adrenalectomy ; Renin and secretory granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion des juxtaglomerulären Apparates auf Adrenalektomie wurde untersucht. Im Stadium der Nebenniereninsuffizienz, sechs Tage nach der Operation, wurde quantitativ morphometrisch eine Abnahme der Volumendichte der Sekretgranula (von 32% auf 16%) festgestellt. Golgi-Apparat und Ergastoplasma proliferieren stark, wobei insbesondere die erweiterten Cisternen des Ergastoplasmas auffallen.
    Notes: Summary The response of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus to bilateral adrenalectomy was studied in rats. After the sixth postoperative day, symptoms of severe adrenal insufficiency had developed. In the Juxtaglomerular cells, the volume density of the secretory granules decreased from 32% to 16%. The Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum underwent considerable proliferation, the latter showing strikingly enlarged cisternae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 433-456 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Rat) ; Development ; Renin ; Pools ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die perinatale Entwicklung des juxtaglomerulären Apparates, insbesondere das Verhalten der epitheloiden Zellen wurde an 18 trächtigen Ratten and 65 Embryonen bzw. Jungtieren elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde die Reninkonzentration bzw. der Reningehalt bestimmt. Spezifische Sekretgranula finden sich erstmals am 18. Tag der Fetalzeit, und zwar in den epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates juxtamedullärer Nephrone. Die Granula machen einen Struktur- und wahrscheinlich auch Funktionswandel durch, der eine Einteilung in drei verschiedene Granulatypen nahelegt. Diesen drei Typen spezifischer (reninhaltiger) Sekretgranula werden die Lysosomen als unspezifische Einschlüsse der epitheloiden Zellen gegenübergestellt. Im einzelnen kommt es während der perinatalen Phase in den fetalen Epitheloidzellen zuerst, d.h. pränatal, zu einer Hypertrophie des rauhwandigen endoplasmatischen Retikulums und des Golgi-Apparates. Hierin sehen die Autoren einen Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Proteinsynthese mit entsprechender Zunahme der Transport- und Konzentrationsvorgänge. Nach der Geburt findet sich dann auch eine deutliche Zunahme der Sekretgranula vom Typ III, die als reife Reningranula (mature granules) angesehen werden. Die bisher noch nicht beschriebenen kleinen Sekretgranula vom Typ I dagegen kommen in weniger entwickelten Epitheloidzellen häufiger vor. Bestimmungen der Reninverteilung zwischen Zytoplasma und den durch Differential-zentrifugation gewonnenen Granula-Fraktionen ergeben auffallende Parallelen zu den morphologischen Befunden. Diese sprechen im allgemeinen dafür, daß “freies Renin” im Ergasto-plasma und “gebundenes Renin” in den Sekretgranula vorliegt. Mit zunehmendem Alter scheint es außerdem — parallel zur relativen Abnahme des Ergastoplasmas und Zunahme der reifen Reningranula — zu einer Verminderung des extragranulären zugunsten des granulär gebundenen Renins zu kommen.
    Notes: Summary The perinatal development of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), with particular reference to the epithelioid cells, was studied. Electron microscopic studies were carried out on 18 gravid rats and 65 embryos with corresponding determinations of renin concentration and the renin contents by bio-assay. Specific secretory granules of the epithelioid cells of the JGA of juxtamedullary nephrons are first observed on the 18th day of gestation. The classification into three types of secretory granules suggests that they undergo a structural and probably also a functional transformation. All three types of secretory granule may be regarded as specific, renin-containing, cytoplasmic organelles. During the last days of gestation, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus become hypertrophied in epithelioid cells, indicating an increased protein synthesis as well as transport and concentration processes. After birth, there is a definite increase in the number of Type III secretory granules-which may be regarded as mature granules. The small Type I secretory granulesnot previously described-are found more frequently in the immature epithelioid cells. Determinations of the renin distribution in the plasma and in fractions of cytoplasmic constituents (total homogenate, secretory granules) prepared by differential centrifugation showed striking congruence with the morphological findings. It is generally assumed that “soluble renin” occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and “bound renin” in secretory granules. A shift from extragranular to granular (bound) renin, occurs with increasing age, having its morphological equivalent in the relative decrease of the endoplasmic reticulum and increase in mature secretory granules.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 305-315 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chorioallantoic placenta ; Gap junctions ; Diaplacental transport ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gap junctions were found to be a constant feature of chorioallantoic placentae with two or three trophoblastic layers. The gap junctions connect layers I and II in hemodichorial and layers II and III in hemotrichorial placentae. Although the gap junctions vary in form and in the packing density of membrane-associated particles, they cover an extensive surface area in all species examined. The gap junctions always connect adjacent membranes of two trophoblastic layers, which show no evidence of micropinocytotic activity; at least one of these trophoblastic layers is syncytial. It is therefore concluded that the gap junctions play an important role in diaplacental transport. We consider that gap junctions act as molecular sieves, resulting in limitations in the transport of large molecules. The passage of small molecules, on the contrary, would be facilitated by the gap junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Bile duct ligation (rat) ; Cell membrane ; Intercellular junctions ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of bile duct ligation on the intercellular junctions of hepatocytes was investigated. The features and the arrangement of the bile canaliculi and the zonulae occludentes alter concomitant to the increase of the intracanalicular pressure. The lumen of the bile canaliculi enlarges and the microvilli disappear. The array of the zonulae occludentes becomes irregularly shaped, the number of strands diminishes and interruptions of the strands occur. With peroxidase a leakage in the bile-blood barrier is detected. Furthermore a disappearance of gap junctions between the hepatocytes after bile duct ligation is observed. The present investigation shows that the zonulae occludentes are mobile structures which are changed by increased unilateral pressure. Due to their ultrastructural alterations, a leakage of the permeability barrier between physiological compartments is found. We acknowledge the helpful criticism and discussion of Prof. H.D. Fahimi. We are indebted to Mrs. B. Brühl, M. Bürkle and Ch. Walenta for technical assistance, and to stud. med. Jon Greenberg for preparing the manuscript
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 459-469 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Rat) ; Renin ; Gap junctions ; Freeze-fracturing, electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Gefrierbrachtechnik wurde der juxtaglomeruläre Apparat von Rattennieren untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, daß die granulierten Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates im Bereich des Vas afferens über gap junctions mit benachbarten Zellen (granulierte Zellen, vielleicht auch glatte Muskelzellen) verbunden sind. Gap junctions fanden sich auch auf Lacis- und Mesangiumzellen. Daher wird angenommen, daß diese Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates und des Glomerulums — granulierte Zellen (vielleicht auch glatte Muskelzellen) der Arteriola afferens, Laciszellen und Mesangiumzellen — ein funktionelles System bilden, das auch auf nur lokal wirksame physiologische Reize einheitlich reagieren kann.
    Notes: Summary The Juxtaglomerular apparatus of the rat was studied after freeze-fracturing with special respect to intercellular junctions. It was found that Juxtaglomerular granulated cells of the vas afferens are interconnected by gap junctions to adjacent cells (granulated cells, possibly also smooth muscle cells). Gap junctions have also been found on the surface of lacis cells and mesangial cells. It is therefore concluded that these cells of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus and the glomerulus—granulated cells (possibly also smooth muscle cells) of the vas afferens, lacis cells and mesangium cells—form a functional system reacting in a coordinated manner to physiological stimuli.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 431-446 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Bowman's capsule ; Zonulae occludentes ; Gap junctions ; Freeze-fracturing ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intercellular connections between the epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule were investigated. It could be demonstrated that typical zonulae occludentes (tight junctions) are present in the species (rat, hamster, and Tupaia) studied. Freeze-fracturing shows a network of anastomizing strands; some species variations are described. In the rat two strands are common. In the golden hamster mostly two to four and occasionally five strands occur. In Tupaia regularly three tight junction strands are found and also gap junctions associated with the zonulae occludentes. In thin sections the goniometric analysis confirms the freeze-fracturing results and reveals attachment zones of macular shape, which are classified as intermediate junctions and desmosomes. The functional role of these cell junctions observed in the epithelium of Bowman's capsule is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 291-305 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Tupaia ; Gap junctions ; Renin ; Freeze-fracturing ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascular pole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in Tupaia belangeri was studied with special reference to the intercellular contacts of the periendothelial cells and the endothelium of the vas afferens. The periendothelial cells of the vascular pole of the glomerulum are connected by numerous gap junctions; and the granulated epithelial cells are suggested to form a functional unit. Probably there is a continuity of this system troughout the entire vascular pole including (1) all granulated cells, (2) all lacis cells, (3) the mesangium cells and (4) the adjacent smooth muscle cells of the vas afferens and vas efferens. Analysis of the endothelial junctions shows a zonular arrangement of tight junctions indicating a rather tight blood-tissue barrier next to the glomerular vascular pole. The ultrastructure of the different cell types of the vas afferens is also described, emphasizing the granulated epithelial cells and their innervation.
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