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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 1318-1320 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxine-5-sulphonic acid inhibits the metabolism of aminopyrine in the rat liver in vitro. The characteristics of this inhibition vary according to whether the oxidativeN-demethylation of the substrate is determined by the formation of the metabolite 4-aminoantipyrine or by the production of formaldehyde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 268 (1971), S. 44-58 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Caerulein ; Cholecystokinin Pancreozymin ; Peristaltic Reflex ; Intestinal Propulsion ; Myenteric Plexus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Caerulein increased the efficiency of the peristaltic reflex both in the large and small intestine. Such an effect could be evidenced by measuring the velocity of propulsion of a solid bolus in the colon and the amount of ejected fluid in the fatigued ileum. The effect on propulsion was related to the concentrations employed and log dose-response curves could be constructed. 2. Caerulein was able to counteract the inhibitory effect of mild cooling (25 to 28
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 239 (1960), S. 475-480 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Schlußfolgerungen und Zusammenfassung Die Befunde stimmen mit denjenigen von Corda überein. Sie stehen im Gegensatz zu den Befunden von Freerksen, welcher eine Spezifität einiger Organe bei der Spaltung des Antibioticums beobachtet hatte. Dieser Unterschied kann zum Teil seine Erklärung in den verschiedenen Konzentrationen des verwendeten Cycloserins (500 bis 1000 γ/cm3 bei den Untersuchungen von Freerksen und 60 γ/cm3 bei den unsrigen) und in der Verschiedenheit der Tierarten, welche verwendet wurden, finden. So hat z.B. Freerksen nachgewiesen, daß die Resorption nach peroraler Verabfolgung bei der Maus äußerstschnell und beim Kaninchen sehr langsam vor sich geht. Die von Freerksen verwendeten hohen Dosen könnten jedoch eine geringfügige Spaltung verschleiern. Die fehlende Spaltung des Antibioticums in durch Hitze enteiweißten Leber-Homogenaten erlaubt die Schlußfolgerung, daß die Spaltung von enzymatischem Charakter ist. Die Derivate des Cycloserins, welche nach der Methode von Jones eine Färbung geben, haben einen intakten basischen Ring: z.B. Monoacetyl-und Desamino-Cycloserin (Jones). Es ist deshalb anzunehmen, daß der fehlenden Reaktion mit Nitroprussid, auf Grund derer wir glauben, daß es zum Abbau gekommen ist, eine Öffnung des Oxazol-Ringes entspricht. Andererseits schließt Conzelmann beim Affen die Bildung des Acetyl-Derivates aus. Nach Freerksen soll es zur Öffnung des Ringes (vielleicht durch eine Cycloamidase) unter Bildung von Serin, Stickstoff, Wasser und Ammoniak kommen. 1. Cycloserin bei einmaligern Verabfolgung zeigt keine besondere Affinität zu den untersuchten Organen. 2. Bei der Ratte wird die gute Resorption von Seiten des Magen-Darm-Traktes bestätigt; die Verteilung des Pharmakons in den Geweben scheint unabhängig von der Art der Verabreichung zu sein. 3. Auch bei wiederholter Behandlung scheint weder eine besondere Organaffinität, noch eine Kumulation aufzutreten. 4. In der Leber findet sich das Antibioticum vorwiegend in der Supernatantschicht der zentrifugierten Homogenate. 5. Unter den verschiedenen Leber-Fraktionen sollen die Mitochondrien die größte Stoffwechsel-Aktivität haben. Es ist nicht möglich, zu entscheiden, ob die geringe Konzentration in den Mitochondrien einer geringen Eindringung des Antibioticums in diese oder einer intensiven Spaltung zuzuschreiben ist. 6. Cycloserin wird außer von der Leber auch von zahlreichen anderen Geweben gespalten: Lunge, Nirer, Gehirn und Muskel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fluorescence Histochemistry ; Sympathetic Denervation ; Periarterial Nerve Stimulation ; Regenerating Adrenergic Nerves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After sympathetic denervation of the guinea-pig distal colon the time course and the relationship between morphological and functional changes were studied, by using the fluorescence method and by evaluating the response of longitudinal muscle to periarterial nerve stimulation. The inhibitory response to sympathetic nerve stimulation was completely abolished 48 h after denervation. Tissue catecholamines can no longer be detected in either the intramural vessels or in the intramural plexuses 96 h after denervation, and in no preparation could they be observed again until 24 days after denervation. After 30 days catecholamines stores slowly began to reappear and were completely restored only 100–120 days after denervation. During the whole period of reinnervation the response to periarterial nerve stimulation was lacking. The inhibitory effect could be elicited only 130 days after denervation and before the morphological pattern had been completely restored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 1 (1970), S. 176-182 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The action of caerulein in guinea-pig ileum and colon was studied in vitro and in vivo. The action appears to be mediated mainly through nervous pathways, inasmuch as tetrodotoxin is able to abolish more than 90% of the response. One of the mediators liberated by caerulein seems to be acetylcholine, since caerulein gives rise to increased acetylcholine release associated with stimulation. Furthermore, it enhances the responses to pelvic nerve stimulation, whilst atropine causes a reduction in the responses. At present no data are available for determining the identity of the other mediator(s); however, serotonin and histamine seem not to be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 299 (1977), S. 207-210 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Pentazocine ; Ileum ; Colon ; Bile duct ; Extracellular electrical activity ; Acetylcholine release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pentazocine impairs peristaltic activity and relaxes longitudinal muscle in the colon and in the ileum. The circular coat is excited in the colon, while in the ileum pentazocine exhibits both excitatory and inhibitory effects depending on the concentration employed. Pentazocine does not exert a spasmogenic effect in the smooth muscle of terminal bile duct but instead reduces the electrically-induced contraction. The effect of pentazocine does not seem to involve endogenous acetylcholine or catecholamine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 335 (1987), S. 629-635 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: GABAA agonists ; Substance P ; Cholinergic neurons ; Guinea-pig ileum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The possible involvement of substance P (SP) in cholinergic contractions induced by GABAA agonists in the guinea-pig ileum was further investigated. 2. Responses evoked by 3-aminopropane sulphonic acid (3-APS) or muscimol consisted of a rapid phasic contraction followed in 70% of preparations by a tonic contraction, usually smaller in amplitude but considerably longer in duration. Phasic and tonic components were sensitive to bicuculline, neurogenic (cholinergic) in nature and susceptible to desensitization. 3. Capsaicin (0.2 μM) pretreatment and SP receptor desensitization caused by 3 different priming SP concentrations (10 nM, 30 nM, 100 nM), depressed both components of the 3-APS-induced response, the magnitude of antagonism being greater for tonic contractions. Similar findings were obtained by using 10 μM (d-Pro4, d-Trp7,9)SP-(4–11), even though the degree of antagonism caused by this SP antagonist was consistently lower. 4. These results indicate that depression of SP receptor function achieved by three different procedures decreases cholinergic contractile responses to GABAA agonists in the guinea-pig ileum. This provides further support for the hypothesis that GABAA receptor activation evokes both direct and indirect stimulation of enteric cholinergic neurons and that SP and/or a related peptide play an important role in mediating the indirect component of the cholinergic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 135-137 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: phenytoin ; drug interactions ; cimetidine ; inhibition of metabolism ; disposition kinetics ; mixed function oxidases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of cimetidine on the disposition kinetics of phenytoin was investigated in 7 healthy volunteers. Each subject received a single intravenous dose of phenytoin on two occasions, in the control state, and during concurrent treatment with cimetidine 1200 mg/day for 6 days. A slight but statistically significant decrease both in the rate of elimination and total body clearance of phenytoin was observed during the administration of cimetidine. The effect is probably due to inhibition of metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: biperiden ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (changes in pupil size and salivary flow) of biperiden following a single oral and intravenous dose were investigated in six normal subjects. After the injection plasma concentrations declined biphasically, with half-times of 1.5 h for the rapid phase and 24 h for the terminal phase. Clearance and apparent volume of distribution were high (12 ml·min−1·kg−1 and 24 l·kg−1 respectively). Absorption was rapid but the systemic availability was incomplete (33%), probably due to first-pass metabolism. Central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects and changes in pupil size were observed after both routes of administration while salivary flow was affected only by the injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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