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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 493-497 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Hyperlipaemic sera and lipoprotein fractions purified by preparative ultracentrifugation were examined by gel chromatography on Sepharose 2 B (2 per cent agarose). Lipoproteins with flotation constantsS f 〉400 are excluded by the gel. Lipoprotein classes ofS f 20–400 andS f 0–20 show broad and mutually overlapping elution peaks with well definedK d values. Sera of several types of hyperlipoproteinaemia show different elution curves which may be used for diagnostic purposes. Protein contaminations of lipoprotein fractions purified by ultracentrifugation can be separated by agarose 2 B gel filtration.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Sepharose Typ 2 B, ein käufliches Gel aus 2%igen Agaroseperlen, wurde zur gelchromatographischen Trennung hyperlipämischer Seren und isolierter Lipoproteinfraktionen verwendet. Die Lipoproteine der FlotationsklassenS f 〉400 werden von dem Gel ausgeschlossen. Von den Lipoproteinen der KlassenS f 20–400 undS f 0–20 gewinnt man breite, einander überschneidende Größenverteilungsmuster mit definierten K d -Werten. Bei den verschiedenen Typen der Hyperlipoproteinämien zeigen die Elutionskurven der Gesamtseren diagnostisch verwertbare Unterschiede. Durch Agarose-Gelfiltration lassen sich Proteinverunreinigungen aus Rohfraktionen von Präbeta- und Betalipoproteinen auf schonende Weise entfernen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 831-833 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propafenone ; β1-sympatholytic action ; exercise testing ; plasma concentration ; healthy volunteers ; ECG effects ; blood pressure effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The chemical structure of propafenone (P) and certain experimental findings suggest that this antiarrhythmic compound could possess beta-blocking properties. To evaluate the clinical relevance of the latter cardiovascular effects of P during exercise were studied. After oral administration of P 150 and 300 mg insolution, six healthy volunteers were subjected to graded exercise. These doses of P, which are usually effective against arrhythmias, decreased exercise-induced tachycardia, whereas the systolic blood pressure was lowered but only at rest, and the diastolic pressure was slightly raised. However, taking into account dose ratio, and the intensity and duration of the reduction in exercise tachycardia, this effect of P was only about 5|X% at its maximum compared to propranolol and similar active beta-blocking compounds. The reduction in heart rate produced by P was not correlated with the plasma level nor did it show dose dependency, in contrast to beta-blocking agents, and also in contrast to its electrophysiological effects on the PQ interval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: biperiden ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (changes in pupil size and salivary flow) of biperiden following a single oral and intravenous dose were investigated in six normal subjects. After the injection plasma concentrations declined biphasically, with half-times of 1.5 h for the rapid phase and 24 h for the terminal phase. Clearance and apparent volume of distribution were high (12 ml·min−1·kg−1 and 24 l·kg−1 respectively). Absorption was rapid but the systemic availability was incomplete (33%), probably due to first-pass metabolism. Central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects and changes in pupil size were observed after both routes of administration while salivary flow was affected only by the injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Verapamil ; renal replacement therapy ; hypertension ; pharmakokinetics ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-eight hypertensive patients on renal replacement therapy (HD, HF, PD) were treated with verapamil (Isoptin RR-slow release) in an open label study. Blood pressure was satisfactorily reduced in 21 patients (84%). Due to adverse reactions the treatment had to be discontinued in 4 patients. Verapamil clearances were calculated according to different dialysis methods. No changes in dose or mode of application of verapamil were necessary using any mode of renal replacement therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: co-trimoxazole ; cefuroxime ; tetracycline ; drug monitoring ; bacterial sensitivities ; Klebsiella selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationships between the extent and type of clinical antibacterial chemotherapy and bacteriological findings were investigated, both retrospectively and contemporaneously, by study of pharmacy deliveries and analysis of patient records and the results of bacteriological examination of urine. Initially, with a high proportion of tetracycline use and relatively little of ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and cephalosporins,E. coli was frequently found and seldomKlebsiella/Enterobacter; the in-vitro efficacy of tetracyclines was low against all bacteria tested. Deliberate restraint in the use of tetracyclines and promotion of co-trimoxazole as well as a spontaneous rise in ampicillin use, were correlated with a decrease inE. coli and increase inKlebsiella/Enterobacter. The in vitro susceptibility of Klebsiella to all the chemotherapeutics tested was relatively low, but it improved markedly after use of cefuroxime was begun. This resulted in a decrease in the incidence ofKlebsiella/Enterobacter in urine specimens. Restraint in tetracycline usage was accompanied by an increase in its in vitro efficacy againstE. coli. The study shows that continuous monitoring of antibacterial chemotherapy under routine conditions enables the clinical pharmacologist to recognize transient and locally specific circumstances and to define guidelines or corrective recommendations as a basis for and to aid control of real therapeutic decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 619-621 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: biperiden ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of biperiden was studied and compared with pharmacodynamics (pupil size, accomodation, self-rating mood scale) in 6 healthy volunteers. A single-blind cross-over design was employed with placebo and biperiden (4 mg as commercially available tablets). After a lag time of 0.5 h, biperiden was rapidly absorbed with a half-life of 0.3 h, plasma peak levels of 5 ng/ml being reached after 1.5 h. Biperiden showed good tissue penetration (distribution half-life 0.6 h; ratio of total to central distribution volume 9.6), the terminal half-life time of plasma concentration was 18 h, and the oral clearance was 146 l/h. The pharmacodynamic maximum lagged behind the plasma peak concentration by 1 (self-rating) to 4 h (accommodation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 128 (1985), S. 34-39 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Brainstem nuclei serve a diverse array of functions inmany of which ionotropic glutamate receptors are known to be involved.However, little detailed information is available on the expression ofdifferent glutamate receptor subunits in specific nuclei. We used RT-PCR inmice to analyze the glutamate receptor subunit composition of thepre-Bötzinger complex, the hypoglossal nucleus,the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the inferior olive. Analyzing 15receptor subunits and five variants, we found all fourα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and six NMDA receptor(NR) subunits as well as three of five kainate (KA) receptors (GluR5, GluR6,and KA1) to be expressed in all nuclei. However, some distinct differenceswere observed: The inferior olive preferentially expresses flop variants ofAMPA receptors, GluR7 is more abundant in thepre-Bötzinger complex than in the other nuclei,and NR2C is most prominent in the nucleus of the solitary tract. In singlehypoglossal motoneurons and interneurons of thepre-Bötzinger complex investigation of GluR2editing revealed strong expression of the GluR2-R editing variant, suggestinglow Ca2+ permeability of AMPA receptors. Thus, Ca2+ -permeable AMPA receptors are unlikely to be the cause for the reported selective vulnerability of hypoglossal motoneurons during excitotoxic events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 93 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: NMDA receptors are involved in a variety of brainstem functions. The excitatory postsynaptic NMDA currents of pre-Bötzinger complex interneurons and hypoglossal motoneurons, which are located in the medulla oblongata, show remarkably fast deactivation kinetics of approximately 30 ms compared with NMDA receptors in other types of neurons. Because structural heterogeneity might be the basis for physiological properties, we examined the expression of six NMDA receptor subunits (NMDAR1, NR2A−2D, and NR3A) plus eight NMDR1 splice variants in pre-Bötzinger complex, hypoglossal and, for comparison, neurons from the nucleus of the solitary tract in young rats using single cell multiplex RT–PCR. Expression of NR2A, NR2B, and NR2D was observed in all three cell types while NR3A was much more abundant in pre-Bötzinger complex interneurons, which belong to the rhythm generator of respiratory activity. In hypoglossal neurons, the NMDAR1 splice variants NMDAR1–4a and NMDAR1–4b were found. In neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract, instead of NMDAR1–4b, the NMDAR1–2a splice variant was detected. This differential expression of modulatory splice variants might be the molecular basis for the characteristic functional properties of NMDA receptors, as neurons expressing a special NMDAR1 splice variant at the mRNA level show fast kinetics compared with neurons lacking this splice variant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 17 (1994), S. 31-108 
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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