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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic ketoacidosis ; lactic acidosis ; hypovolaemic shock ; bicarbonates ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; myocardium/metabolism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86–6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63–67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to blood withdrawal (mean pHa 7.25–7.27, mean arterial blood pressure 36–41 mm Hg) were treated with sodium chloride (’saline'), sodium bicarbonate or ’Carbicarb' (equimolar bicarbonate plus carbonate). In the diabetic ketoacidosis series, treatment with either alkali resulted in deterioration of mean arterial blood pressure and substantial elevation of blood lactate, despite a significant rise in myocardial intracellular pH determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These effects were accompanied by falling trends in the ratios of myocardial phosphocreatine and ATP to inorganic phosphate. Erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was virtually absent in animals with diabetic ketoacidosis of this severity and duration. In contrast, in shock due to blood withdrawal, infusion of saline or either alkali was accompanied by a transient elevation of mean arterial blood pressure and no significant change in the already elevated blood lactate; erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was normal in these animals. The effect of alkalinization in rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis was consistent with myocardial hypoxia, due to the combination of very low initial erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, alkali-exacerbated left shift of the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and artificial ventilation. No evidence was found for any beneficial effect of ’Carbicarb' in either series of animals; ’Carbicarb' and sodium bicarbonate could be deleterious in metabolic acidosis of more than short duration. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 889–898]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis ; lactic acidosis ; hypovolaemic shock ; bicarbonates ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; myocardium/metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86–6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63–67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to blood withdrawal (mean pHa 7.25–7.27, mean arterial blood pressure 36–41 mmHg) were treated with sodium chloride (‘saline’), sodium bicarbonate or ‘Carbicarb’ (equimolar bicarbonate plus carbonate). In the diabetic ketoacidosis series, treatment with either alkali resulted in deterioration of mean arterial blood pressure and substantial elevation of blood lactate, despite a significant rise in myocardial intracellular pH determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These effects were accompanied by falling trends in the ratios of myocardial phosphocreatine and ATP to inorganic phosphate. Erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was virtually absent in animals with diabetic ketoacidosis of this severity and duration. In contrast, in shock due to blood withdrawal, infusion of saline or either alkali was accompanied by a transient elevation of mean arterial blood pressure and no significant change in the already elevated blood lactate; erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was normal in these animals. The effect of alkalinization in rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis was consistent with myocardial hypoxia, due to the combination of very low initial erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, alkali-exacerbated left shift of the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and artificial ventilation. No evidence was found for any beneficial effect of ‘Carbicarb’ in either series of animals; ‘Carbicarb’ and sodium bicarbonate could be deleterious in metabolic acidosis of more than short duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relation between phenformin therapy and lactic acidosis (1973)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Phenformin ; lactic acidosis ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of lactic acidosis are described in which the time sequence of events made it certain that phenformin was the precipitating cause. In one patient the condition arose because of self administration of an overdose; in the other, phenformin had been administered to a patient on maintenance dialysis. After recovery, and in the absence of phenformin therapy the second patient was able to clear an intravenous lactate load at a rate similar to that observed in other patients on chronic dialysis. — A review of the literature re-emphasizes the possible danger of phenformin in the presence of diminished renal or hepatic function, which should be shown to be normal before starting the drug and assessed periodically during therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225999
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural diets and self-selection: Heliothis zea larvae and maize (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 161-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heliothis zea ; Zea mays ; self-selection ; feeding behaviour ; nutritional physiology ; nutritional ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Bien que les deux premiers stades larvaires d'H. zea (Lepid.: Noctuidae) tendent à consommer les soies, les trois derniers stades préfèrent les grains aux autres parties de l'épi de maïs. La chenille du dernier stade consomme de préférence le germe du grain, mais quand on lui offre l'ensemble du grain, elle consomme aussi une partie de l'albumen. Les chenilles qui coupent des morceaux du grain comprenant la totalité du germe et une fraction d'albumen ont une alimentation permettant une croissance plus efficace que les chenilles qui consomment des portions de grain ne contenant que de l'albumen. Ainsi, les chenilles qui mangent des fractions de germe ont besoin de consommer moins, pour atteindre le même poids que les chenilles qui consomment des morceaux d'albumen. Les longévités, les nombres de jours de ponte, les fécondités quotidiennes et les fertilités des oeufs sont les mêmes pour les papillons provenant des chenilles ayant consomme des morceaux de germe ou des morceaux d'albumien. L'albumen seul est un aliment suboptimal, et H. zea pourrait théoriquement améliorer ultérieurement son régime en mangeant plus de germes. Nous estimons que ceci ne serait pas rentable puisque la durée des stades devrait être prolongée et que la manutention et les rejets d'albumen devraient être accrus. H. zea se serait adapté à une solution de compromis pour l'optimalisation du régime alimentaire. Il réduit le temps de récolte et perd en efficacité en consommant de l'albumin suboptimal; mais il regagne autant que possible en efficacité en mangenat le germe de pratiquement tous les grains attaqués. Cette augmentation de l'efficacité diminue la quantité d'aliments qui doit être ingéré, et fournit un potentiel adaptatif quand les chenilles consomment des plantes (autres que le maïs) avec des petits fruits. L'exposition à la prédation est réduite, puisque la distance parcourue pour la recherche des fruits est diminuée.
    Notes: Abstract Although the first two instars tend to eat the silks, last instar larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), prefer to feed on the kernels rather than on the other components of the maize ear. They feed preferentially on the germ of the kernel, but when offered whole kernels also eat some of the endosperm. Larvae that eat cut portions of the kernels that include all of the germ and some endosperm utilize their food for growth more efficiently than do larvae that eat portions of the kernel that include only endosperm. Adults that ate germ portions or endosperm portions of the kernel as larvae do not differ significantly in longevity, number of days on which they oviposit, number of eggs laid per day or the percentage of the eggs that hatched. We suggest that the larvae use self-selection to increase their intake of germ, thus increasing utilization efficiency and decreasing the amount of food that they must eat. When they feed on plants (other than maize) with small fruits, this probably increases their ability to compete for food when it is scarce and minimizes exposure to predation by decreasing the number of foraging trips and the distance that they must travel in search of food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190847
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient self-selection by Heliothis zea larvae: A time-lapse film study (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: nutrient self-selection ; diet-mixing ; Heliothis zea ; feeding behavior ; nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Récemment nous avions montré que les chenilles du dernier stade d'H. zea (Boddie) (Lep.: Noctuidae) composaient elles-mêmes leurs repas à partir de 2 cubes d'aliments, l'un carencé en protéine (caséine), l'autre en carbohydrate assimilable (sucrose). Dans cette nouvelle étude, les témoins ont reçu deux cubes nutritivement complets et les lots expérimentaux (en auto-complexification) deux cubes nutritivement incomplets, l'un carencé en caséine, l'autre en sucrose. Les chenilles ont traversé 3 étapes pendant ce dernier stade; une phase initiale de perturbations durant laquelle elles ne mangeaient presque pas, mais changeaient souvent de cube, une phase d'installation pendant laquelle elles consommainet d'une façon plus ou moins continue; et une phase de prénymphose pendant laquelle elles vagabondaient. La phase perturbée était moins longue chez les témoins, mais les deux lots présentaient le même comportement pendant cette phase: changeant de cube jusqu' à neuf fois par heure. Dès que la prise d'aliment a commencé dans la phase installée, les témoins changeaient de cube au hasard, tandis que les chenilles en expérience en changeaient relativement plus, passant 17% de leur temps sur le sucrose et 83% sur la caséine. Les comportements étaient identiques chez les deux lots pendant la phase de prénymphose. L'autocomplexification correspond à un comportement particulier pendant le dernier stade: l'alimentation sur caséine domine tôt, elle tend ensuite à rester constante tandis que l'alimentation sur caséine est maximale vers la fin du stade. Notre hypothèse est que l'auto-complexification est gouvernée par des feedbacks physiologiques internes déterminant la prise d'aliments, et que la chenille peut apprendre à associer un goût à un contenu nutritif.
    Notes: Abstract When presented with two nutritionally incomplete diets, one lacking only the protein (casein) and the other lacking only the digestible carbohydrate (sucrose), last instar larvae of Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) switched between the diets frequently. The ratio (casein:sucrose) of time they spent on the two diets was about 83:17. As the stadium proceeded, the relative time they spent on the sucrose diet increased. Control larvae, offered two identical, nutritionally complete diets, seldom switched between them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361311
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