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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis ; lactic acidosis ; hypovolaemic shock ; bicarbonates ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; myocardium/metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86–6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63–67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to blood withdrawal (mean pHa 7.25–7.27, mean arterial blood pressure 36–41 mmHg) were treated with sodium chloride (‘saline’), sodium bicarbonate or ‘Carbicarb’ (equimolar bicarbonate plus carbonate). In the diabetic ketoacidosis series, treatment with either alkali resulted in deterioration of mean arterial blood pressure and substantial elevation of blood lactate, despite a significant rise in myocardial intracellular pH determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These effects were accompanied by falling trends in the ratios of myocardial phosphocreatine and ATP to inorganic phosphate. Erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was virtually absent in animals with diabetic ketoacidosis of this severity and duration. In contrast, in shock due to blood withdrawal, infusion of saline or either alkali was accompanied by a transient elevation of mean arterial blood pressure and no significant change in the already elevated blood lactate; erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was normal in these animals. The effect of alkalinization in rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis was consistent with myocardial hypoxia, due to the combination of very low initial erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, alkali-exacerbated left shift of the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and artificial ventilation. No evidence was found for any beneficial effect of ‘Carbicarb’ in either series of animals; ‘Carbicarb’ and sodium bicarbonate could be deleterious in metabolic acidosis of more than short duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic ketoacidosis ; lactic acidosis ; hypovolaemic shock ; bicarbonates ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; myocardium/metabolism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86–6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63–67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to blood withdrawal (mean pHa 7.25–7.27, mean arterial blood pressure 36–41 mm Hg) were treated with sodium chloride (’saline'), sodium bicarbonate or ’Carbicarb' (equimolar bicarbonate plus carbonate). In the diabetic ketoacidosis series, treatment with either alkali resulted in deterioration of mean arterial blood pressure and substantial elevation of blood lactate, despite a significant rise in myocardial intracellular pH determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These effects were accompanied by falling trends in the ratios of myocardial phosphocreatine and ATP to inorganic phosphate. Erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was virtually absent in animals with diabetic ketoacidosis of this severity and duration. In contrast, in shock due to blood withdrawal, infusion of saline or either alkali was accompanied by a transient elevation of mean arterial blood pressure and no significant change in the already elevated blood lactate; erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was normal in these animals. The effect of alkalinization in rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis was consistent with myocardial hypoxia, due to the combination of very low initial erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, alkali-exacerbated left shift of the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and artificial ventilation. No evidence was found for any beneficial effect of ’Carbicarb' in either series of animals; ’Carbicarb' and sodium bicarbonate could be deleterious in metabolic acidosis of more than short duration. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 889–898]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of Uniformly Labeled 13C-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Synthesis of Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Cholesterol Accumulating in the Neonatal Rat Brain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are needed for normal neonatal brain development, but the degree of conversion of the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors consumed in the diet to their respective 20-and 22-carbon polyunsaturates accumulating in the brain is not well known. In the present study, in vivo 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor noninvasively the brain uptake and metabolism of a mixture of uniformly 13C-enriched 16-and 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters injected intragastrically into neonatal rats. In vivo NMR spectra of the rat brain at postnatal days 10 and 17 had larger fatty acid signals than in uninjected controls, but changes in levels of individual fatty acids could not be distinguished. One day after injection of the U-13C-polyunsaturated fatty acid mixture, 13C enrichment (measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry) was similar in brain phospholipids, free fatty acids, free cholesterol, and brain aqueous extract; 13C enrichment remained high in the phospholipids and cholesterol for 15 days. 13C enrichment was similar in the main fatty acids of the brain within 1 day of injection but 15 days later had declined in all except arachidonic acid while continuing to increase in docosahexaenoic acid. These changes in 13C enrichment in brain fatty acids paralleled the developmental changes in brain fatty acid composition. We conclude that, in the neonatal rat brain, dietary 16-and 18-carbon polyunsaturates are not only elongated and desaturated but are also utilized for de novo synthesis of long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062429.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 389 (1997), S. 495-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recognition of facial expressions is critical to our appreciation of the social and physical environment, with separate emotions having distinct facial expressions. Perception of fearful facial expressions has been extensively studied, appearing to depend upon the amygdala. Disgust — ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/39051
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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