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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inadequacy of the essential fatty acid content of present preterm feeds (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1997), S. S23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Essential fatty acids ; Arachidonic acid ; Docosahexaenoic acid ; Enteral and parenteral feeds ; Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids are major components of endothelial, pulmonary and neuro-visual cell membranes. Preterm babies may be born with deficits of both AA and DHA. There is evidence that their endogenous anti-oxidant enzymes defence systems have only reached half the activity expected at term. Yet they are exposed to an oxygen tension greater than physiologically anticipated at this time, and the superoxide dismutase shows no evidence of significant catch-up. After birth, present enteral and parenteral feeds for the preterm baby result in a further drop of AA and DHA plasma proportions to a quarter or third of the intra-uterine expectation. At the same time, the proportion of linoleic acid (LA), the precursor for AA, rises in the plasma phosphoglycerides four-fold, thus denying the preterm infant the provision with which the placenta would have perfused the fetus to meet the very rapid demand for endothelial and neural growth. From the biochemistry it is predictable that this situation could lead to fragile cell membranes, leakage, rupture with peroxidation resulting in the formation of inflammatory and vasoconstrictive agents. Conclusion The essential fatty acid content of current enteral and parenteral feeds for preterm infants is incorrectly formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014287
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jukes on food (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 261 (1976), S. 274-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,?Thomas H. Jukes, writing on nutrition (May 13, page 92), tried to be funny at the expense of accuracy. To give but one example, his response to the recommendation from the Royal College of Physicians' Working Party that less butter should be eaten, is that it is "just as logical" to place a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/261274a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of Uniformly Labeled 13C-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Synthesis of Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Cholesterol Accumulating in the Neonatal Rat Brain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are needed for normal neonatal brain development, but the degree of conversion of the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors consumed in the diet to their respective 20-and 22-carbon polyunsaturates accumulating in the brain is not well known. In the present study, in vivo 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor noninvasively the brain uptake and metabolism of a mixture of uniformly 13C-enriched 16-and 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters injected intragastrically into neonatal rats. In vivo NMR spectra of the rat brain at postnatal days 10 and 17 had larger fatty acid signals than in uninjected controls, but changes in levels of individual fatty acids could not be distinguished. One day after injection of the U-13C-polyunsaturated fatty acid mixture, 13C enrichment (measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry) was similar in brain phospholipids, free fatty acids, free cholesterol, and brain aqueous extract; 13C enrichment remained high in the phospholipids and cholesterol for 15 days. 13C enrichment was similar in the main fatty acids of the brain within 1 day of injection but 15 days later had declined in all except arachidonic acid while continuing to increase in docosahexaenoic acid. These changes in 13C enrichment in brain fatty acids paralleled the developmental changes in brain fatty acid composition. We conclude that, in the neonatal rat brain, dietary 16-and 18-carbon polyunsaturates are not only elongated and desaturated but are also utilized for de novo synthesis of long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062429.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ACCUMULATION OF ARACHIDONATE AND DOCOSAHEXAENOATE IN THE DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Fatty acids typical of grey matter lipids (C20:4 and C22:6) and of myelin lipids (C20:1 and C24:1) were estimated in developing rat brains. The polyenoic fatty acids (C20:4 and C22:6) are synthesized from the essential fatty acids (C18:2 and C18:3). The results showed that more than 50 per cent of the adult content of the brain polyenoic acids were laid down by day 15. In contrast, the fatty acids characteristic of myelin lipids did not appear in significant quantities until after this time. These findings distinguish biochemically the different periods of brain development associated firstly with cell division (formation of neurons and glial cells) and secondly with myelination. It is of special interest that the period of cell proliferation is accompanied by the appearance in brain lipids of long-chain polyenoic acids derived from the essential fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb06219.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The differential incorporation of labelled linoleic, γ-linolenic, dihomo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids into the developing rat brain (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 27 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb05163.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inability of the cat to desaturate essential fatty acids (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 258 (1975), S. 171-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Fatty acid analyses of diets fed* Diet Fatty acid Control SBOL SSO 10:0+12:0+14:0 4.1 7.8 6.7 16:0+16:1 27.5 10.3 7.8 18:0 13.5 13.7 1.7 18:1 36.9 19.4 17.4 18:2o)6t 7.2 40.8 63.6 18:3co3f 0.9 16.8 0.9 20:0 +20:1 1.9 - - 20:2 0)6 J 0.1 - - 20:3 0)6 J 0.1 - - ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/258171a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal nutrition and the sex ratio at birth (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 297-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Female albino mice (Tuck and Sons, Essex) aged 35 d were divided into two weight-matched groups and fed semipurified diets: either a low fat (LF) diet or a control diet. The diets differed only in their lipid composition. The control diet contained 66 g kg-1 lipid, the low-fat diet 6 g kg-1. In the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252297a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactase Deficiency (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 742-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1. EXAMPLES OF MEAT AND MILK PROTEIN AVAILABLE IN SOME CAUCASIAN AND NON-CAUCASIAN COUNTRIES FROM FAO REPORT (1966) Before 1939 1964 Meat Milk Meat Milk United Kingdom United States Australia Philippines Japan China (Taiwan) 10 -6 14-4 24-0 3-0 06 3-7 51 7-2 5-0 11-8 20-4 22-0 2-7 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/223742a0
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