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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis ; lactic acidosis ; hypovolaemic shock ; bicarbonates ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; myocardium/metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86–6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63–67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to blood withdrawal (mean pHa 7.25–7.27, mean arterial blood pressure 36–41 mmHg) were treated with sodium chloride (‘saline’), sodium bicarbonate or ‘Carbicarb’ (equimolar bicarbonate plus carbonate). In the diabetic ketoacidosis series, treatment with either alkali resulted in deterioration of mean arterial blood pressure and substantial elevation of blood lactate, despite a significant rise in myocardial intracellular pH determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These effects were accompanied by falling trends in the ratios of myocardial phosphocreatine and ATP to inorganic phosphate. Erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was virtually absent in animals with diabetic ketoacidosis of this severity and duration. In contrast, in shock due to blood withdrawal, infusion of saline or either alkali was accompanied by a transient elevation of mean arterial blood pressure and no significant change in the already elevated blood lactate; erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was normal in these animals. The effect of alkalinization in rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis was consistent with myocardial hypoxia, due to the combination of very low initial erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, alkali-exacerbated left shift of the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and artificial ventilation. No evidence was found for any beneficial effect of ‘Carbicarb’ in either series of animals; ‘Carbicarb’ and sodium bicarbonate could be deleterious in metabolic acidosis of more than short duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic ketoacidosis ; lactic acidosis ; hypovolaemic shock ; bicarbonates ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; myocardium/metabolism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine factors determining the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with alkali, groups of anaesthetised and ventilated rats with either diabetic ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH 6.86–6.96, mean arterial blood pressure 63–67 mm Hg) or hypovolaemic shock due to blood withdrawal (mean pHa 7.25–7.27, mean arterial blood pressure 36–41 mm Hg) were treated with sodium chloride (’saline'), sodium bicarbonate or ’Carbicarb' (equimolar bicarbonate plus carbonate). In the diabetic ketoacidosis series, treatment with either alkali resulted in deterioration of mean arterial blood pressure and substantial elevation of blood lactate, despite a significant rise in myocardial intracellular pH determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These effects were accompanied by falling trends in the ratios of myocardial phosphocreatine and ATP to inorganic phosphate. Erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was virtually absent in animals with diabetic ketoacidosis of this severity and duration. In contrast, in shock due to blood withdrawal, infusion of saline or either alkali was accompanied by a transient elevation of mean arterial blood pressure and no significant change in the already elevated blood lactate; erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was normal in these animals. The effect of alkalinization in rats with severe diabetic ketoacidosis was consistent with myocardial hypoxia, due to the combination of very low initial erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, alkali-exacerbated left shift of the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and artificial ventilation. No evidence was found for any beneficial effect of ’Carbicarb' in either series of animals; ’Carbicarb' and sodium bicarbonate could be deleterious in metabolic acidosis of more than short duration. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 889–898]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400576
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relation between phenformin therapy and lactic acidosis (1973)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Phenformin ; lactic acidosis ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of lactic acidosis are described in which the time sequence of events made it certain that phenformin was the precipitating cause. In one patient the condition arose because of self administration of an overdose; in the other, phenformin had been administered to a patient on maintenance dialysis. After recovery, and in the absence of phenformin therapy the second patient was able to clear an intravenous lactate load at a rate similar to that observed in other patients on chronic dialysis. — A review of the literature re-emphasizes the possible danger of phenformin in the presence of diminished renal or hepatic function, which should be shown to be normal before starting the drug and assessed periodically during therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225999
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propionylcarnitine excretion is not affected by metronidazole administration to patients with disorders of propionate metabolism (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Disorders of propionate metabolism ; l-Carnitine ; Propionylcarnitine ; Metronidazole ; 1H NMR spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Propionylcarnitine (PC) excretion has been measured during a clinical trial of metronidazole therapy in two patients with propionic acidaemia and two patients with methylmalonic aciduria. All patients were in good metabolic control and were receivingl-carnitine. While total propionate excretion was reduced by up to 40% in all four patients during metronidazole therapy, the excretion of propionylcarnitine remained largely unchanged. PC comprised up to 80% of total propionate excretion in patients with propionic acidaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02115623
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the choline content of human breast milk in the first 3 weeks after birth (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. 198-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Choline ; Betaine ; Neonate ; Breast milk ; NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Choline is an essential constituent of membrane phospholipids in great demand in the developing brain and liver. We have previously demonstrated that human neonates excrete large amounts of betaine, a product of choline oxidation, in their urine. Estimates of perinatal choline intake using previously published data compared with our measurements of betaine excretion indicated that choline insufficiency might occur at certain periods after birth. In this study we measured the choline content of expressed human breast milk in colostrum (2–6 days after birth), mature milk (7–22 days after birth) and several infant formula foods, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In colostrum choline was present in both the aqueous (free choline, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine) and lipid fractions (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). After 6–7 days there was a mean increase of 114% in the total choline content; 82% of the rise was accounted for by increases in phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine, and 14% by (free) choline. The choline content of most formula feeds was comparable with the level in colostrum but below that of mature milk. Both the total choline content and ester composition of mature milk were comparable with more recent measurements using high-performance liquid chromatography. Conclusion The choline content of human breast milk doubles 6–7 days after birth and, unlike that of many formula feeds, appears to be sufficient to account for betaine excretion in healthy full-term neonates. However, for premature babies who usually receive much lower quantities of milk, yet have a higher demand for choline, the intake may be inadequate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propionylcarnitine excretion is not affected by metronidazole administration to patients with disorders of propionate metabolism (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Disorders of propionate metabolism ; l-Carnitine ; Propionylcarnitine ; Metronidazole ; 1H NMR spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Propionylcarnitine (PC) excretion has been measured during a clinical trial of metronidazole therapy in two patients with propionic acidaemia and two patients with methylmalonic aciduria. All patients were in good metabolic control and were receivingl-carnitine. While total propionate excretion was reduced by up to 40% in all four patients during metronidazole therapy, the excretion of propionylcarnitine remained largely unchanged. PC comprised up to 80% of total propionate excretion in patients with propionic acidaemia. Conclusion These results suggest an extra-hepatic source and/or differing compartmentation for PC formation from those for the production of other metabolites of propionyl-CoA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309853
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of Uniformly Labeled 13C-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Synthesis of Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Cholesterol Accumulating in the Neonatal Rat Brain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are needed for normal neonatal brain development, but the degree of conversion of the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors consumed in the diet to their respective 20-and 22-carbon polyunsaturates accumulating in the brain is not well known. In the present study, in vivo 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor noninvasively the brain uptake and metabolism of a mixture of uniformly 13C-enriched 16-and 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters injected intragastrically into neonatal rats. In vivo NMR spectra of the rat brain at postnatal days 10 and 17 had larger fatty acid signals than in uninjected controls, but changes in levels of individual fatty acids could not be distinguished. One day after injection of the U-13C-polyunsaturated fatty acid mixture, 13C enrichment (measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry) was similar in brain phospholipids, free fatty acids, free cholesterol, and brain aqueous extract; 13C enrichment remained high in the phospholipids and cholesterol for 15 days. 13C enrichment was similar in the main fatty acids of the brain within 1 day of injection but 15 days later had declined in all except arachidonic acid while continuing to increase in docosahexaenoic acid. These changes in 13C enrichment in brain fatty acids paralleled the developmental changes in brain fatty acid composition. We conclude that, in the neonatal rat brain, dietary 16-and 18-carbon polyunsaturates are not only elongated and desaturated but are also utilized for de novo synthesis of long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062429.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    31P-NMR investigation of solid tumours in the living rat (1981)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 1 (1981), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01114871
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic metabolism by31P NMR (1982)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 2 (1982), S. 735-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01114837
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR studies of tumours (1982)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 2 (1982), S. 719-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01114835
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