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  • Lipoproteins  (3)
  • Hepatitis B virus  (2)
  • VLDL subfractions  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very low density lipoprotein subfraction abnormalities in IDDM patients: any effect of blood glucose control? (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1419-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Lipoproteins ; VLDL subfractions ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; blood glucose control ; lipid concentration ; lipolytic enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Normolipidaemic insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients are characterized by an increase in the smaller VLDL particles, considered to be the most atherogenic. Since blood glucose control is one of the main regulators of lipid metabolism in diabetic patients, it could influence the shift in the distribution of VLDL subfractions towards smaller particles. To evaluate this possibility, VLDL subfractions, post-heparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities have been evaluated in male IDDM patients with either unsatisfactory blood glucose control (group 1, HbA1c〉8%, n=18) or good blood glucose control (group 2, HbA1c〈8%, n=16) and in 16 normoglycaemic individuals. The three groups were comparable for sex, age, body mass index, and plasma lipid levels. Three VLDL subfractions (large, Svedberg flotation unit (Sf) 175–400; intermediate, Sf 100–175; small, Sf 20–100) were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and analysed for cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels. When compared to control subjects both groups of IDDM patients showed a clear shift in VLDL subfraction distribution with a significant increase in the proportion of small VLDL (group 1; 49±2%; p〈0.005; group 2: 51±3%, p〈0.01; control subjects 40±2%) (mean ± SEM) in relation to total VLDL. By contrast, the absolute lipid concentration of small VLDL was higher only in group 1, compared to control subjects (35±4 vs 27±3 mg/dl, p=0.05). Post-heparin hepatic lipase activity was significantly reduced in both IDDM groups (group 1: 254±19 mU/ ml, p〈0.05; group 2: 202±19 mU/ml, p〈0.005; control subjects 317±31 mU/ml). In conclusion, normolipidaemic IDDM patients show an increase in the smallest VLDL, whatever their degree of blood glucose control. However, this abnormality may be clinically relevant only in patients with unsatisfactory blood glucose control, since absolute lipid concentration of these potentially atherogenic particles is only increased in this group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400602
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal distribution of VLDL subfractions in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: could plasma lipase activities play a role? (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Lipoproteins ; VLDL subfractions ; diabetes mellitus ; lipid composition ; lipolytic enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) have an abnormal lipid composition in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Since VLDL represent a heterogeneous lipoprotein class, this might be due either to a shift in the distribution or to an abnormal composition of VLDL subclasses or both. In order to investigate these possibilities and to evaluate possible pathogenetic mechanisms, lipid composition (non-esterified and esterified cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) of four VLDL subfractions of decreasing size (A: Svedberg flotation unit [Sf]〉400, B: Sf, 175–400, C: Sf 100–175, D: Sf 20–100), isolated by density gradient preparative ultracentrifugation, and plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity (lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase) were evaluated in 13 male normolipidaemic insulin-dependent diabetic patients in good glycaemic control (HbA1c 6.9±0.5%) (mean±SEM) and 9 male control subjects matched for age, body mass index and plasma lipid values. Compared to control subjects, diabetic patients showed a reduced total lipid concentration of VLDL of intermediate size (B and C) reaching statistical significance only for VLDL C (0.16±0.02 vs 0.24±0.03 mmol/l; p 〈0.05). Expressing each VLDL subfraction as percent of the total VLDL lipid concentration, a significant decrease in particles of intermediate size (C) (20.5±1.6 vs 27.9±1.5%; p 〈0.005) was present, which was compensated by an increase in the smallest ones (D) (50.5±2.7 vs 37.4±3.1%; p 〈0.05). VLDL of smaller size were also the only particles with an abnormal composition consisting of a significant increase in esterified cholesterol (12.2±0.8 vs 8.7±1.2%, p 〈0.01). Post-heparin hepatic lipase activity was significantly reduced in diabetic patients as compared to control subjects (232.9±27.9 vs 332±42.3 mU/ml; p 〈0.05) while post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity was similar in the two groups. Furthermore, hepatic lipase activity was inversely related to the percentage of smaller VLDL (D)(r=−0.72; p 〈0.01) in diabetic patients and this relationship was independent of changes in intermediate VLDL (VLDL C). In conclusion the data suggest that Type 1 diabetic patients, although normolipidaemic and in good blood glucose control, show a shift in the distribution of VLDL subclasses toward VLDL of a smaller size which also have an abnormal composition. The different distribution of VLDL subfractions seems to be related to a reduced hepatic lipase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400698
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of very low density lipoprotein compositional abnormalities in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients; effects of blood glucose optimisation (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 884-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Lipoproteins ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; blood glucose control ; lipoprotein composition ; atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma lipoprotein compositional abnormalities were investigated in eight normolipidaemic (plasma cholesterol 〈5.70 mmol/l; triglyceride 〈2.03 mmol/l) young male Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (before and after a short period of optimised blood glucose control) and in nine healthy control subjects, matched for sex, age and body mass index. Free and esterified cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids were assayed in all lipoprotein classes (VLDL, IDL, LDL) and in HDL subclasses (HDL2 and HDL3); apoB was measured only in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). All VLDL constituents were increased in the diabetic group, the differences being more striking for apoB (6.0±1.1 mg/dl vs 2.0±0.1 mg/dl, p〈0.02), free cholesterol (0.27±0.04 mmol/l vs 0.13±0.02 mmol/l, p〈0.02) and esterified cholesterol (0.32±0.08 mmol/l vs 0.13±0.01 mmol/l, p〈0.05). Also HDL subfractions showed differences between the two groups: all HDL2 constituents were increased, while in HDL3 only triglyceride was significantly increased (0.11±0.01 mmol/l vs 0.08±0.004 mmol/l, p〈0.02). After two weeks of optimised blood glucose control all VLDL constituents were reduced and particularly: esterified cholesterol (−39%, p〈0.02), free cholesterol (−37%, p〈0.05), apoB (− 35%, p〈0.05). Expressing each VLDL constituent as percent of the total lipoprotein mass, it was evident that the diabetic VLDL was rich in cholesterol both esterified (8.4±1.0% vs 5.4±0.5%, p〈0.02) and free (8.5±0.7% vs 5.5±0.3%, p〈0.001), apo B (5.1±0.6% vs 2.6±0.3%, p〈0.001) and depleted in triglyceride (57.0±1.7% vs 64.1±1.7%, p〈0.001). Two weeks of optimised blood glucose control were not able to correct the abnormal composition of VLDL. In conclusion, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, although normolipidaemic, show an abnormal VLDL composition suggesting an increased prevalence of smaller and, possibly, more atherogenic VLDL particles. This abnormality is not corrected by a short period of blood glucose optimisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265371
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of hepatitis B immunization with reduced intradermal doses (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 176-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis B virus ; Vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intradermally (I.D.) administered reduced doses of HB-Vax and Hevac-B were tested against the standard protocols for administering these two vaccines. Immunogenicity, efficacy and possible side effects were evaluated. Four-hundred-sixty-two healthy subjects were vaccinated as follows: Fifty-two subjects received HB-Vax and 99 Hevac B according to the standard regimens. The remaining subjects received 3 I.D. injections in the deltoid region at one-month intervals in the following doses: 165 subjects with 2 μg doses of HB-Vax, 118 subjects with 1 ug doses of Hevac-B and 28 subjects with 0.5 μg (minimal) doses of Hevac-B. Post-vaccination tests (anti-HBs titres and other serological markers for HBV) were to be performed 30, 60, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after the first injections. Side effects seen with the experimental protocols were acceptable and limited to local reactions. It was found that, on the whole, reduced I.D. doses of both vaccines produced very high immune responses showing a consistently greater efficacy than those of the standard protocols, though the differences were not always statistically significant. Ninety days after the first injections, 80.8% and 82.7% of subjects vaccinated with reduced I.D. doses of HB-Vax showed seroconversion as opposed to only 62.0% of those receiving standard protocol HB-Vax. Seroconversion rates at 90 days in subjects receiving reduced I.D, doses of Hevac-B were 92.0% and 87.996 and for those receiving the minimal doses of this vaccine, 94.1% The rate of seroconversion obtained with standard administration of Hevac-B was 83.8%. The antibody titres in the experimental groups tended to increase up to the 180th day and were generally higher than those obtained with standard protocols. The titres remained very high 270 days after the first injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239756
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis B virus infection in children in Sardinia, Italy (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 202-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Children ; Hepatitis B markers ; Hepatitis B virus ; Infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Possible hepatitis B immunization of all newborns, regardless of the mother's HBsAg status, is a strategy under consideration for selected hyperendemic areas in Italy. Sardinia is one such area. However, in 1987 in Sardinia, the prevalence of hepatitis B markers in children under 11 years was estimated at 1.7% and the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at 0.2%. A much higher prevalence of HBsAg was recently observed among adults in this area: 8.7% among men and 5.2% among pregnant women. This contrasting pattern is unlikely to be due to bias: the sampling procedures adopted were appropriate and the percentage of refusals was very low (2.2%). The observed low hepatitis B marker prevalence in young age groups might be the result of a cohort effect due to the improved socio-economic conditions and changes in behaviour that have occurred in Sardinia over the last few years. The finding of only 3 HBsAg+ individuals out of 1,826 children tested, in spite of the 5.2% HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women in that region, is probably attributable to the low proportion of HBeAg positive individuals among the HBsAg+ carrier mothers in this area. At present, immunization of all newborns in Sardinia cannot be recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156831
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